Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 10

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 10 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -2454 Jun 17. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -1138 Aug 15. The total duration of Saros series 10 is 1316.20 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse = -2454 Jun 17   21:32:06 TD
                       Last Eclipse = -1138 Aug 15   10:25:35 TD

                      Duration of Saros  10  =  1316.20 Years

Saros 10 is composed of 74 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 10
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 74100.0%
PenumbralN 34 45.9%
PartialP 15 20.3%
TotalT 25 33.8%

The 74 lunar eclipses in Saros 10 occur in the order of 25N 7P 25T 8P 9N which corresponds to:

                                    25  Penumbral
                                     7  Partial
                                    25  Total
                                     8  Partial
                                     9  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 10 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:   -1787 Jul 22      Duration = 01h45m46s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:   -1444 Feb 13      Duration = 00h35m04s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -1426 Feb 23      Duration = 03h26m10s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -2003 Mar 15      Duration = 01h09m08s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:   -2021 Mar 04      Duration = 04h33m30s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:   -2454 Jun 17      Duration = 00h51m55s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 10 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -1426 Feb 23      Magnitude = 0.9640
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:   -2003 Mar 15      Magnitude = 0.0857

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 10 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 10

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -37  -2454 Jun 17  21:32:06  58171 -55084   Nb  a-   1.5270  0.0364 -0.9246   51.9    -      -  
 02  -36  -2436 Jun 28  04:56:27  57681 -54861   N   a-   1.4671  0.1486 -0.8171  104.2    -      -  
 03  -35  -2418 Jul 09  12:25:28  57193 -54638   N   a-   1.4116  0.2530 -0.7177  135.2    -      -  
 04  -34  -2400 Jul 19  20:01:15  56707 -54415   N   a-   1.3620  0.3469 -0.6294  157.5    -      -  
 05  -33  -2382 Jul 31  03:41:55  56223 -54192   N   a-   1.3168  0.4327 -0.5495  175.2    -      -  
 06  -32  -2364 Aug 10  11:31:19  55741 -53969   N   a-   1.2792  0.5048 -0.4835  188.7    -      -  
 07  -31  -2346 Aug 21  19:27:03  55262 -53746   N   a-   1.2471  0.5668 -0.4277  199.6    -      -  
 08  -30  -2328 Sep 01  03:31:43  54784 -53523   N   a-   1.2230  0.6142 -0.3864  207.7    -      -  
 09  -29  -2310 Sep 12  11:42:19  54308 -53300   N   a-   1.2042  0.6516 -0.3551  214.1    -      -  
 10  -28  -2292 Sep 22  20:01:24  53835 -53077   N   a-   1.1929  0.6753 -0.3372  218.4    -      -  

 11  -27  -2274 Oct 04  04:25:22  53364 -52854   N   a-   1.1863  0.6902 -0.3277  221.4    -      -  
 12  -26  -2256 Oct 14  12:54:34  52894 -52631   N   a-   1.1847  0.6956 -0.3271  223.0    -      -  
 13  -25  -2238 Oct 25  21:26:36  52427 -52408   N   a-   1.1860  0.6954 -0.3318  223.9    -      -  
 14  -24  -2220 Nov 05  06:01:16  51962 -52185   N   a-   1.1907  0.6886 -0.3423  223.8    -      -  
 15  -23  -2202 Nov 16  14:34:57  51499 -51962   N   a-   1.1951  0.6821 -0.3519  223.7    -      -  
 16  -22  -2184 Nov 26  23:06:52  51038 -51739   N   a-   1.1990  0.6762 -0.3603  223.7    -      -  
 17  -21  -2166 Dec 08  07:34:50  50579 -51516   N   a-   1.2007  0.6742 -0.3643  224.2    -      -  
 18  -20  -2148 Dec 18  15:58:19  50122 -51293   N   h-   1.1998  0.6765 -0.3633  225.3    -      -  
 19  -19  -2130 Dec 30  00:13:25  49667 -51070   N   h-   1.1930  0.6894 -0.3512  227.9    -      -  
 20  -18  -2111 Jan 09  08:21:20  49214 -50847   N   h-   1.1813  0.7111 -0.3300  231.7    -      -  

 21  -17  -2093 Jan 20  16:18:40  48764 -50624   N   h-   1.1619  0.7468 -0.2945  237.4    -      -  
 22  -16  -2075 Jan 31  00:07:37  48315 -50401   N   t-   1.1365  0.7933 -0.2479  244.3    -      -  
 23  -15  -2057 Feb 11  07:43:51  47869 -50178   N   t-   1.1020  0.8566 -0.1844  253.0    -      -  
 24  -14  -2039 Feb 21  15:11:24  47424 -49955   N   t-   1.0611  0.9316 -0.1094  262.7    -      -  
 25  -13  -2021 Mar 04  22:26:47  46982 -49732   Nx  t-   1.0113  1.0230 -0.0180  273.5    -      -  
 26  -12  -2003 Mar 15  05:33:00  46542 -49509   P   t-   0.9547  1.1268  0.0857  284.8   69.1    -  
 27  -11  -1985 Mar 26  12:28:30  46103 -49286   P   t-   0.8902  1.2455  0.2037  296.5  105.2    -  
 28  -10  -1967 Apr 05  19:16:42  45667 -49063   P   t-   0.8205  1.3738  0.3313  307.9  132.0    -  
 29  -09  -1949 Apr 17  01:57:10  45233 -48840   P   t-   0.7453  1.5125  0.4687  319.0  154.2    -  
 30  -08  -1931 Apr 27  08:31:07  44801 -48617   P   t-   0.6654  1.6599  0.6144  329.4  173.0    -  

 31  -07  -1913 May 08  15:00:57  44371 -48394   P   t-   0.5828  1.8126  0.7649  338.9  188.7    -  
 32  -06  -1895 May 18  21:28:01  43943 -48171   P   t-   0.4983  1.9690  0.9188  347.3  201.8    -  
 33  -05  -1877 May 30  03:54:06  43517 -47948   T   t-   0.4136  2.1259  1.0727  354.5  212.3   43.3
 34  -04  -1859 Jun 09  10:19:36  43094 -47725   T   tp   0.3290  2.2828  1.2262  360.5  220.6   72.7
 35  -03  -1841 Jun 20  16:48:26  42672 -47502   T+  pp   0.2475  2.4344  1.3739  365.3  226.8   88.7
 36  -02  -1823 Jun 30  23:20:30  42253 -47279   T+  pp   0.1688  2.5808  1.5161  368.9  231.0   98.3
 37  -01  -1805 Jul 12  05:57:54  41835 -47056   T+  pp   0.0949  2.7187  1.6497  371.6  233.6  103.6
 38   00  -1787 Jul 22  12:41:32  41420 -46833   T+  pp   0.0264  2.8467  1.7731  373.3  234.8  105.8
 39   01  -1769 Aug 02  19:33:51  41006 -46610   T-  pp  -0.0346  2.8339  1.7555  374.3  235.0  105.5
 40   02  -1751 Aug 13  02:34:35  40595 -46387   T-  pp  -0.0887  2.7371  1.6540  374.8  234.3  103.6


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 10

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   03  -1733 Aug 24  09:43:25  40186 -46164   T-  pp  -0.1359  2.6529  1.5652  375.0  233.1  100.6
 42   04  -1715 Sep 03  17:01:59  39779 -45941   T-  pp  -0.1749  2.5835  1.4915  374.9  231.7   96.9
 43   05  -1697 Sep 15  00:29:36  39373 -45718   T-  pp  -0.2062  2.5280  1.4319  374.7  230.2   93.2
 44   06  -1679 Sep 25  08:05:39  38970 -45495   T-  pp  -0.2305  2.4852  1.3856  374.5  228.9   89.7
 45   07  -1661 Oct 06  15:49:22  38570 -45272   T-  -p  -0.2483  2.4541  1.3514  374.3  227.8   86.8
 46   08  -1643 Oct 16  23:39:54  38171 -45049   T-  -p  -0.2606  2.4326  1.3277  374.1  226.9   84.5
 47   09  -1625 Oct 28  07:36:18  37774 -44826   T-  -p  -0.2681  2.4198  1.3132  374.0  226.4   83.1
 48   10  -1607 Nov 07  15:34:49  37379 -44603   T   -p  -0.2737  2.4098  1.3025  373.8  225.9   81.9
 49   11  -1589 Nov 18  23:36:43  36987 -44380   T   -p  -0.2768  2.4041  1.2969  373.5  225.6   81.3
 50   12  -1571 Nov 29  07:37:33  36596 -44157   T   -p  -0.2804  2.3970  1.2908  373.0  225.3   80.7

 51   13  -1553 Dec 10  15:37:41  36207 -43934   T   -p  -0.2851  2.3874  1.2831  372.3  224.8   79.8
 52   14  -1535 Dec 20  23:32:21  35821 -43711   T   -p  -0.2945  2.3689  1.2672  371.3  224.1   78.0
 53   15  -1516 Jan 01  07:24:05  35437 -43488   T   -p  -0.3065  2.3450  1.2468  370.0  223.0   75.5
 54   16  -1498 Jan 11  15:07:57  35054 -43265   T   -p  -0.3249  2.3093  1.2150  368.2  221.5   71.2
 55   17  -1480 Jan 22  22:44:56  34674 -43042   T   -p  -0.3495  2.2619  1.1722  365.9  219.2   64.7
 56   18  -1462 Feb 02  06:12:40  34296 -42819   T   -t  -0.3817  2.2003  1.1156  362.9  216.0   54.0
 57   19  -1444 Feb 13  13:32:47  33920 -42596   T   -t  -0.4206  2.1262  1.0467  359.3  211.8   35.1
 58   20  -1426 Feb 23  20:43:51  33546 -42373   P   -t  -0.4672  2.0380  0.9640  354.8  206.2    -  
 59   21  -1408 Mar 06  03:46:32  33174 -42150   P   -t  -0.5208  1.9368  0.8683  349.3  198.8    -  
 60   22  -1390 Mar 17  10:41:40  32804 -41927   P   -t  -0.5811  1.8235  0.7605  342.6  189.2    -  

 61   23  -1372 Mar 27  17:30:10  32436 -41704   P   -t  -0.6472  1.6995  0.6418  334.6  177.0    -  
 62   24  -1354 Apr 08  00:12:17  32071 -41481   P   -t  -0.7190  1.5653  0.5126  325.1  161.1    -  
 63   25  -1336 Apr 18  06:50:50  31707 -41258   P   -t  -0.7941  1.4251  0.3772  314.1  140.8    -  
 64   26  -1318 Apr 29  13:26:08  31345 -41035   P   -t  -0.8725  1.2789  0.2354  301.4  113.3    -  
 65   27  -1300 May 09  20:01:35  30986 -40812   P   -t  -0.9513  1.1323  0.0927  287.0   72.3    -  
 66   28  -1282 May 21  02:35:37  30629 -40589   N   -t  -1.0320  0.9824 -0.0537  270.6    -      -  
 67   29  -1264 May 31  09:13:39  30273 -40366   N   -t  -1.1101  0.8376 -0.1955  252.7    -      -  
 68   30  -1246 Jun 11  15:53:46  29920 -40143   N   -t  -1.1875  0.6944 -0.3362  232.5    -      -  
 69   31  -1228 Jun 21  22:40:26  29569 -39920   N   -t  -1.2600  0.5602 -0.4683  210.8    -      -  
 70   32  -1210 Jul 03  05:31:26  29220 -39697   N   -t  -1.3298  0.4315 -0.5955  186.6    -      -  

 71   33  -1192 Jul 13  12:32:11  28873 -39474   N   -t  -1.3926  0.3156 -0.7102  160.7    -      -  
 72   34  -1174 Jul 24  19:40:05  28528 -39251   N   -t  -1.4506  0.2089 -0.8162  131.6    -      -  
 73   35  -1156 Aug 04  02:58:14  28185 -39028   N   -t  -1.5011  0.1159 -0.9087   98.5    -      -  
 74   36  -1138 Aug 15  10:25:35  27844 -38805   Ne  -h  -1.5451  0.0351 -0.9893   54.4    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29