The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 14 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on -2230 Jun 01. The series ended with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on -0932 Jul 19. The total duration of Saros series 14 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -2230 Jun 01 09:34:33 TD
Last Eclipse = -0932 Jul 19 10:45:40 TD
Duration of Saros 14 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 14 is composed of 73 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 14 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 17 | 23.3% |
| Partial | P | 42 | 57.5% |
| Total | T | 14 | 19.2% |
The 73 lunar eclipses in Saros 14 occur in the order of 9N 20P 14T 22P 8N which corresponds to:
9 Penumbral
20 Partial
14 Total
22 Partial
8 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 14 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1617 Jun 03 Duration = 01h42m41s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: -1473 Aug 29 Duration = 00h25m37s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1725 Mar 31 Duration = 03h19m03s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -2068 Sep 05 Duration = 00h52m06s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -2086 Aug 26 Duration = 04h51m30s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: -0932 Jul 19 Duration = 00h36m14s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 14 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -1455 Sep 08 Magnitude = 0.9757
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: -2068 Sep 05 Magnitude = 0.0453
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 14 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -34 -2230 Jun 01 09:34:33 52231 -52314 Nb t- 1.5220 0.0999 -0.9689 97.7 - -
02 -33 -2212 Jun 11 15:54:19 51766 -52091 N t- 1.4401 0.2510 -0.8195 152.8 - -
03 -32 -2194 Jun 22 22:16:49 51304 -51868 N t- 1.3595 0.3998 -0.6727 190.3 - -
04 -31 -2176 Jul 03 04:46:45 50844 -51645 N t- 1.2844 0.5388 -0.5359 218.1 - -
05 -30 -2158 Jul 14 11:21:55 50386 -51422 N t- 1.2129 0.6713 -0.4059 240.5 - -
06 -29 -2140 Jul 24 18:07:43 49930 -51199 N t- 1.1490 0.7899 -0.2899 257.8 - -
07 -28 -2122 Aug 05 01:01:41 49476 -50976 N t- 1.0909 0.8979 -0.1847 271.9 - -
08 -27 -2104 Aug 15 08:06:18 49024 -50753 N t- 1.0406 0.9915 -0.0936 282.9 - -
09 -26 -2086 Aug 26 15:20:46 48574 -50530 Nx t- 0.9976 1.0717 -0.0160 291.5 - -
10 -25 -2068 Sep 05 22:47:00 48127 -50307 P t- 0.9636 1.1351 0.0453 297.8 52.1 -
11 -24 -2050 Sep 17 06:22:42 47681 -50084 P t- 0.9363 1.1862 0.0945 302.5 74.6 -
12 -23 -2032 Sep 27 14:07:15 47238 -49861 P t- 0.9154 1.2251 0.1321 305.8 87.6 -
13 -22 -2014 Oct 08 22:00:16 46796 -49638 P t- 0.9008 1.2523 0.1586 307.8 95.5 -
14 -21 -1996 Oct 19 06:00:26 46357 -49415 P t- 0.8915 1.2694 0.1756 308.8 100.1 -
15 -20 -1978 Oct 30 14:05:11 45919 -49192 P t- 0.8853 1.2804 0.1873 309.1 103.0 -
16 -19 -1960 Nov 09 22:13:21 45484 -48969 P t- 0.8815 1.2866 0.1950 309.0 104.8 -
17 -18 -1942 Nov 21 06:22:58 45051 -48746 P h- 0.8782 1.2917 0.2023 308.6 106.4 -
18 -17 -1924 Dec 01 14:32:33 44620 -48523 P h- 0.8742 1.2973 0.2111 308.1 108.3 -
19 -16 -1906 Dec 12 22:38:44 44191 -48300 P h- 0.8670 1.3086 0.2263 308.1 111.6 -
20 -15 -1888 Dec 23 06:42:08 43763 -48077 P h- 0.8568 1.3250 0.2472 308.3 116.0 -
21 -14 -1869 Jan 03 14:39:46 43339 -47854 P h- 0.8416 1.3503 0.2777 309.2 122.1 -
22 -13 -1851 Jan 13 22:31:01 42916 -47631 P h- 0.8202 1.3866 0.3199 310.8 129.9 -
23 -12 -1833 Jan 25 06:14:39 42495 -47408 P h- 0.7917 1.4359 0.3752 313.1 139.2 -
24 -11 -1815 Feb 04 13:51:25 42076 -47185 P h- 0.7567 1.4968 0.4426 316.0 149.2 -
25 -10 -1797 Feb 15 21:20:35 41660 -46962 P h- 0.7146 1.5707 0.5230 319.4 159.6 -
26 -09 -1779 Feb 26 04:41:16 41245 -46739 P h- 0.6646 1.6591 0.6182 323.2 170.4 -
27 -08 -1761 Mar 09 11:55:41 40833 -46516 P h- 0.6083 1.7591 0.7246 327.1 180.7 -
28 -07 -1743 Mar 19 19:03:16 40422 -46293 P h- 0.5453 1.8716 0.8435 330.9 190.4 -
29 -06 -1725 Mar 31 02:06:25 40014 -46070 P a- 0.4775 1.9929 0.9708 334.4 199.0 -
30 -05 -1707 Apr 10 09:03:58 39608 -45847 T a- 0.4042 2.1245 1.1083 337.4 206.6 50.6
31 -04 -1689 Apr 21 16:00:07 39203 -45624 T a- 0.3284 2.2609 1.2498 339.7 212.6 73.2
32 -03 -1671 May 01 22:53:22 38801 -45401 T+ p- 0.2491 2.4040 1.3977 341.3 217.3 87.3
33 -02 -1653 May 13 05:47:00 38401 -45178 T+ pp 0.1691 2.5488 1.5467 342.0 220.4 96.1
34 -01 -1635 May 23 12:41:18 38003 -44955 T+ pp 0.0886 2.6946 1.6961 341.9 221.9 101.1
35 00 -1617 Jun 03 19:39:11 37607 -44732 T+ pp 0.0099 2.8376 1.8421 340.9 222.1 102.7
36 01 -1599 Jun 14 02:41:15 37213 -44509 T- pp -0.0664 2.7326 1.7397 339.1 220.9 101.4
37 02 -1581 Jun 25 09:48:25 36822 -44286 T- pp -0.1395 2.5974 1.6063 336.7 218.6 97.6
38 03 -1563 Jul 05 17:03:01 36432 -44063 T- pp -0.2075 2.4720 1.4823 333.7 215.3 91.4
39 04 -1545 Jul 17 00:25:07 36044 -43840 T- -p -0.2706 2.3559 1.3670 330.4 211.3 83.1
40 05 -1527 Jul 27 07:55:57 35659 -43617 T -p -0.3270 2.2520 1.2637 326.9 206.9 72.9
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 06 -1509 Aug 07 15:35:44 35275 -43394 T -p -0.3770 2.1602 1.1719 323.4 202.3 60.5
42 07 -1491 Aug 17 23:25:38 34894 -43171 T -p -0.4197 2.0819 1.0935 320.0 197.8 45.6
43 08 -1473 Aug 29 07:25:31 34514 -42948 T -p -0.4550 2.0173 1.0286 316.9 193.6 25.6
44 09 -1455 Sep 08 15:34:12 34137 -42725 P -a -0.4838 1.9647 0.9757 314.1 189.9 -
45 10 -1437 Sep 19 23:53:00 33762 -42502 P -a -0.5048 1.9263 0.9369 311.9 186.9 -
46 11 -1419 Sep 30 08:19:42 33389 -42279 P -a -0.5198 1.8989 0.9094 310.0 184.6 -
47 12 -1401 Oct 11 16:54:38 33018 -42056 P -a -0.5288 1.8823 0.8928 308.6 183.0 -
48 13 -1383 Oct 22 01:34:03 32649 -41833 P -a -0.5347 1.8712 0.8822 307.4 181.8 -
49 14 -1365 Nov 02 10:19:51 32282 -41610 P -a -0.5359 1.8687 0.8805 306.6 181.3 -
50 15 -1347 Nov 12 19:07:53 31917 -41387 P -a -0.5355 1.8688 0.8819 305.9 181.1 -
51 16 -1329 Nov 24 03:58:19 31554 -41164 P -a -0.5337 1.8710 0.8860 305.3 181.1 -
52 17 -1311 Dec 04 12:47:19 31194 -40941 P -a -0.5335 1.8704 0.8876 304.5 180.9 -
53 18 -1293 Dec 15 21:35:39 30835 -40718 P -a -0.5345 1.8672 0.8872 303.7 180.6 -
54 19 -1275 Dec 26 06:19:52 30479 -40495 P -a -0.5392 1.8570 0.8801 302.6 179.9 -
55 20 -1256 Jan 06 14:59:34 30124 -40272 P -a -0.5480 1.8389 0.8656 301.1 178.6 -
56 21 -1238 Jan 16 23:33:02 29772 -40049 P -a -0.5623 1.8107 0.8412 299.3 176.6 -
57 22 -1220 Jan 28 08:00:20 29421 -39826 P -a -0.5820 1.7726 0.8070 296.9 173.9 -
58 23 -1202 Feb 07 16:19:03 29073 -39603 P -a -0.6093 1.7206 0.7590 293.9 169.9 -
59 24 -1184 Feb 19 00:30:29 28727 -39380 P -a -0.6429 1.6569 0.6992 290.2 164.5 -
60 25 -1166 Mar 01 08:33:24 28383 -39157 P -a -0.6837 1.5802 0.6262 285.7 157.5 -
61 26 -1148 Mar 11 16:29:43 28041 -38934 P -a -0.7301 1.4933 0.5428 280.2 148.5 -
62 27 -1130 Mar 23 00:16:48 27701 -38711 P -a -0.7843 1.3923 0.4450 273.6 136.4 -
63 28 -1112 Apr 02 07:58:55 27363 -38488 P -a -0.8427 1.2838 0.3391 265.8 121.0 -
64 29 -1094 Apr 13 15:33:56 27027 -38265 P -a -0.9072 1.1644 0.2218 256.4 99.5 -
65 30 -1076 Apr 23 23:05:55 26693 -38042 P -a -0.9740 1.0410 0.0999 245.7 67.9 -
66 31 -1058 May 05 06:32:06 26362 -37819 N -a -1.0456 0.9093 -0.0311 232.9 - -
67 32 -1040 May 15 13:57:58 26032 -37596 N -a -1.1173 0.7775 -0.1626 218.4 - -
68 33 -1022 May 26 21:20:57 25704 -37373 N -a -1.1915 0.6416 -0.2991 201.3 - -
69 34 -1004 Jun 06 04:45:11 25379 -37150 N -a -1.2645 0.5084 -0.4334 181.8 - -
70 35 -0986 Jun 17 12:09:40 25056 -36927 N -a -1.3370 0.3763 -0.5675 158.6 - -
71 36 -0968 Jun 27 19:37:55 24734 -36704 N -a -1.4062 0.2506 -0.6957 131.2 - -
72 37 -0950 Jul 09 03:09:32 24415 -36481 N -a -1.4725 0.1306 -0.8189 96.0 - -
73 38 -0932 Jul 19 10:45:40 24098 -36258 Ne -a -1.5347 0.0182 -0.9350 36.2 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
