The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.
Lunar eclipses of Saros 164 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 2400 Aug 05. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 3662 Sep 11. The total duration of Saros series 164 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2400 Aug 05 12:01:19 TD
Last Eclipse = 3662 Sep 11 16:35:05 TD
Duration of Saros 164 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 164 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:
| Lunar Eclipses of Saros 164 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Penumbral | N | 17 | 23.9% |
| Partial | P | 36 | 50.7% |
| Total | T | 18 | 25.4% |
The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 164 occur in the order of 10N 18P 18T 18P 7N which corresponds to:
10 Penumbral
18 Partial
18 Total
18 Partial
7 Penumbral
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 164 are as follows.
Longest Total Lunar Eclipse: 3013 Aug 13 Duration = 01h39m51s
Shortest Total Lunar Eclipse: 2905 Jun 08 Duration = 00h06m28s
Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3229 Dec 22 Duration = 03h05m05s
Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2580 Nov 22 Duration = 00h49m07s
Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2562 Nov 12 Duration = 04h32m32s
Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: 2400 Aug 05 Duration = 01h22m48s
The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 164 are:
Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 3229 Dec 22 Magnitude = 0.9806
Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse: 2580 Nov 22 Magnitude = 0.0442
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 164 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
01 -34 2400 Aug 05 12:01:19 1056 4954 Nb t- 1.5295 0.0755 -0.9722 82.8 - -
02 -33 2418 Aug 16 18:46:36 1124 5177 N t- 1.4488 0.2230 -0.8236 140.0 - -
03 -32 2436 Aug 27 01:39:06 1194 5400 N t- 1.3726 0.3624 -0.6832 175.7 - -
04 -31 2454 Sep 07 08:37:33 1266 5623 N t- 1.2998 0.4955 -0.5495 202.2 - -
05 -30 2472 Sep 17 15:45:51 1340 5846 N t- 1.2338 0.6166 -0.4282 222.3 - -
06 -29 2490 Sep 28 23:02:21 1416 6069 N t- 1.1733 0.7276 -0.3170 238.2 - -
07 -28 2508 Oct 10 06:29:19 1494 6292 N h- 1.1203 0.8248 -0.2198 250.4 - -
08 -27 2526 Oct 21 14:05:41 1574 6515 N h- 1.0739 0.9099 -0.1348 260.0 - -
09 -26 2544 Oct 31 21:52:27 1657 6738 N h- 1.0350 0.9813 -0.0633 267.2 - -
10 -25 2562 Nov 12 05:48:45 1741 6961 Nx a- 1.0030 1.0401 -0.0045 272.5 - -
11 -24 2580 Nov 22 13:52:59 1828 7184 P a- 0.9765 1.0883 0.0442 276.5 49.1 -
12 -23 2598 Dec 03 22:06:11 1916 7407 P a- 0.9567 1.1243 0.0809 279.1 65.9 -
13 -22 2616 Dec 15 06:25:32 2007 7630 P a- 0.9418 1.1512 0.1090 280.7 76.0 -
14 -21 2634 Dec 26 14:51:05 2099 7853 P a- 0.9309 1.1703 0.1298 281.5 82.4 -
15 -20 2653 Jan 05 23:18:55 2194 8076 P a- 0.9213 1.1867 0.1484 282.0 87.7 -
16 -19 2671 Jan 17 07:50:18 2291 8299 P a- 0.9141 1.1985 0.1630 282.0 91.4 -
17 -18 2689 Jan 27 16:21:23 2390 8522 P a- 0.9063 1.2111 0.1790 282.0 95.3 -
18 -17 2707 Feb 09 00:51:51 2491 8745 P a- 0.8975 1.2254 0.1972 282.2 99.5 -
19 -16 2725 Feb 19 09:18:57 2594 8968 P a- 0.8854 1.2453 0.2216 282.7 104.8 -
20 -15 2743 Mar 02 17:43:04 2699 9191 P a- 0.8700 1.2710 0.2523 283.7 111.0 -
21 -14 2761 Mar 13 02:01:39 2806 9414 P a- 0.8496 1.3058 0.2923 285.2 118.5 -
22 -13 2779 Mar 24 10:14:32 2916 9637 P a- 0.8238 1.3502 0.3424 287.3 126.9 -
23 -12 2797 Apr 03 18:20:53 3027 9860 P a- 0.7919 1.4059 0.4038 290.1 136.2 -
24 -11 2815 Apr 15 02:21:28 3140 10083 P a- 0.7546 1.4715 0.4752 293.3 145.8 -
25 -10 2833 Apr 25 10:13:57 3256 10306 P a- 0.7096 1.5511 0.5606 297.0 155.8 -
26 -09 2851 May 06 18:01:05 3373 10529 P a- 0.6594 1.6403 0.6554 300.8 165.5 -
27 -08 2869 May 17 01:41:13 3493 10752 P a- 0.6026 1.7419 0.7625 304.8 175.0 -
28 -07 2887 May 28 09:17:42 3615 10975 P a- 0.5420 1.8504 0.8761 308.6 183.5 -
29 -06 2905 Jun 08 16:47:10 3738 11198 T a- 0.4748 1.9715 1.0018 312.3 191.4 6.5
30 -05 2923 Jun 20 00:15:08 3864 11421 T a- 0.4056 2.0963 1.1308 315.4 198.0 53.0
31 -04 2941 Jun 30 07:38:52 3992 11644 T a- 0.3319 2.2297 1.2678 318.1 203.7 72.4
32 -03 2959 Jul 11 15:02:55 4122 11867 T+ p- 0.2581 2.3636 1.4048 320.0 208.0 84.6
33 -02 2977 Jul 21 22:24:47 4254 12090 T+ p- 0.1818 2.5024 1.5460 321.3 211.1 92.9
34 -01 2995 Aug 02 05:50:01 4388 12313 T+ pp 0.1077 2.6375 1.6830 321.9 212.9 97.7
35 00 3013 Aug 13 13:16:15 4525 12536 T+ pp 0.0336 2.7727 1.8193 321.9 213.6 99.8
36 01 3031 Aug 24 20:46:39 4663 12759 T- pp -0.0374 2.7655 1.8129 321.2 213.2 99.6
37 02 3049 Sep 04 04:20:42 4803 12982 T- pp -0.1057 2.6401 1.6875 320.0 211.8 97.3
38 03 3067 Sep 15 12:01:09 4946 13205 T- -p -0.1690 2.5241 1.5711 318.3 209.7 93.2
39 04 3085 Sep 25 19:47:45 5090 13428 T- -p -0.2277 2.4169 1.4630 316.4 206.9 87.5
40 05 3103 Oct 08 03:40:51 5237 13651 T -p -0.2813 2.3191 1.3639 314.2 203.8 80.4
TD of Phase
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Pen. Um. ---- Durations ----
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num Type QSE Gamma Mag. Mag. Pen. Par. Total
s m m m
41 06 3121 Oct 18 11:42:01 5385 13874 T -p -0.3285 2.2335 1.2766 312.1 200.5 72.1
42 07 3139 Oct 29 19:50:43 5536 14097 T -p -0.3696 2.1589 1.2003 310.0 197.1 62.8
43 08 3157 Nov 09 04:07:21 5689 14320 T -p -0.4041 2.0966 1.1360 308.1 194.0 52.8
44 09 3175 Nov 20 12:31:05 5844 14543 T -p -0.4328 2.0449 1.0823 306.4 191.1 41.7
45 10 3193 Nov 30 21:02:13 6001 14766 T -a -0.4556 2.0041 1.0395 305.0 188.7 29.2
46 11 3211 Dec 12 05:39:37 6160 14989 T -a -0.4732 1.9727 1.0064 303.9 186.7 11.8
47 12 3229 Dec 22 14:21:47 6321 15212 P -a -0.4868 1.9485 0.9806 303.1 185.1 -
48 13 3248 Jan 02 23:08:51 6484 15435 P -a -0.4964 1.9315 0.9624 302.5 183.9 -
49 14 3266 Jan 13 07:58:51 6649 15658 P -a -0.5033 1.9194 0.9494 302.1 183.1 -
50 15 3284 Jan 24 16:50:34 6816 15881 P -a -0.5091 1.9089 0.9385 301.8 182.4 -
51 16 3302 Feb 05 01:41:40 6986 16104 P -a -0.5154 1.8974 0.9269 301.4 181.7 -
52 17 3320 Feb 16 10:31:49 7157 16327 P -a -0.5224 1.8843 0.9141 301.0 181.0 -
53 18 3338 Feb 26 19:19:24 7331 16550 P -a -0.5315 1.8672 0.8977 300.4 180.0 -
54 19 3356 Mar 09 04:02:02 7506 16773 P -a -0.5448 1.8423 0.8739 299.5 178.4 -
55 20 3374 Mar 20 12:39:48 7684 16996 P -a -0.5620 1.8102 0.8429 298.3 176.4 -
56 21 3392 Mar 30 21:10:43 7864 17219 P -a -0.5852 1.7669 0.8012 296.6 173.3 -
57 22 3410 Apr 12 05:35:20 8045 17442 P -a -0.6132 1.7148 0.7505 294.3 169.4 -
58 23 3428 Apr 22 13:50:57 8229 17665 P -a -0.6486 1.6491 0.6863 291.3 164.0 -
59 24 3446 May 03 21:59:51 8415 17888 P -a -0.6893 1.5738 0.6123 287.5 157.0 -
60 25 3464 May 14 06:00:16 8603 18111 P -a -0.7369 1.4857 0.5254 282.7 147.6 -
61 26 3482 May 25 13:53:10 8793 18334 P -a -0.7904 1.3872 0.4277 276.8 135.4 -
62 27 3500 Jun 05 21:38:31 8985 18557 P -a -0.8499 1.2778 0.3187 269.5 119.0 -
63 28 3518 Jun 17 05:17:49 9180 18780 P -a -0.9140 1.1602 0.2012 260.8 96.4 -
64 29 3536 Jun 27 12:51:34 9376 19003 P -a -0.9821 1.0353 0.0759 250.3 60.4 -
65 30 3554 Jul 08 20:19:30 9574 19226 N -a -1.0545 0.9031 -0.0575 237.7 - -
66 31 3572 Jul 19 03:44:31 9775 19449 N -a -1.1288 0.7675 -0.1946 222.8 - -
67 32 3590 Jul 30 11:06:41 9977 19672 N -a -1.2051 0.6287 -0.3356 205.1 - -
68 33 3608 Aug 09 18:27:56 10182 19895 N -a -1.2812 0.4904 -0.4767 184.2 - -
69 34 3626 Aug 21 01:48:13 10388 20118 N -a -1.3574 0.3522 -0.6182 158.8 - -
70 35 3644 Aug 31 09:10:41 10597 20341 N -a -1.4311 0.2189 -0.7554 127.2 - -
71 36 3662 Sep 11 16:35:05 10808 20564 Ne -a -1.5026 0.0901 -0.8886 82.9 - -
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
