Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series

Saros Series 165

The periodicity and recurrence of lunar (and solar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 15 centuries and contains 70 or more lunar eclipses.

Lunar eclipses of Saros 165 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a penumbral eclipse near the southern edge of the penumbra on 2411 Jul 06. The series will end with a penumbral eclipse near the northern edge of the penumbra on 3673 Aug 11. The total duration of Saros series 165 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  2411 Jul 06   10:22:42 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  3673 Aug 11   01:29:36 TD

                      Duration of Saros 165  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 165 is composed of 71 lunar eclipses as follows:

Lunar Eclipses of Saros 165
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PenumbralN 16 22.5%
PartialP 41 57.7%
TotalT 14 19.7%

The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros 165 occur in the order of 9N 22P 14T 19P 7N which corresponds to:

                                     9  Penumbral
                                    22  Partial
                                    14  Total
                                    19  Partial
                                     7  Penumbral

The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 165 are as follows.

            Longest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    3078 Aug 15      Duration = 01h42m45s
           Shortest  Total  Lunar Eclipse:    3204 Oct 30      Duration = 00h29m18s

            Longest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    3222 Nov 11      Duration = 03h19m29s
           Shortest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    3547 May 28      Duration = 00h52m53s

          Longest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    3565 Jun 07      Duration = 04h41m54s
         Shortest Penumbral Lunar Eclipse:    2411 Jul 06      Duration = 00h14m01s

The largest and smallest magnitude partial eclipses of Saros 165 are:

            Largest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    3222 Nov 11      Magnitude = 0.9605
           Smallest Partial Lunar Eclipse:    3547 May 28      Magnitude = 0.0467

Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[2] for every lunar eclipse of Saros 165 are presented in the following catalog. For eclipses occurring between the years -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE), the sequence number in the first column links to a eclipse geometry diagram and a map from Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.



Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 165

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 01  -37   2411 Jul 06  10:22:42   1097   5089   Nb  a-  -1.5404  0.0027 -0.9404   14.0    -      -  
 02  -36   2429 Jul 16  17:51:15   1166   5312   N   a-  -1.4688  0.1337 -0.8085   96.5    -      -  
 03  -35   2447 Jul 28  01:20:15   1237   5535   N   a-  -1.3974  0.2645 -0.6775  134.0    -      -  
 04  -34   2465 Aug 07  08:51:22   1310   5758   N   a-  -1.3275  0.3929 -0.5495  161.3    -      -  
 05  -33   2483 Aug 18  16:25:11   1386   5981   N   a-  -1.2596  0.5181 -0.4253  183.0    -      -  
 06  -32   2501 Aug 30  00:04:13   1463   6204   N   a-  -1.1957  0.6361 -0.3089  200.4    -      -  
 07  -31   2519 Sep 10  07:48:23   1542   6427   N   a-  -1.1363  0.7462 -0.2007  214.8    -      -  
 08  -30   2537 Sep 20  15:38:06   1624   6650   N   a-  -1.0812  0.8485 -0.1009  226.8    -      -  
 09  -29   2555 Oct 01  23:35:11   1708   6873   N   a-  -1.0323  0.9398 -0.0126  236.6    -      -  
 10  -28   2573 Oct 12  07:39:27   1793   7096   P   a-  -0.9892  1.0204  0.0649  244.7   55.0    -  

 11  -27   2591 Oct 23  15:51:13   1881   7319   P   a-  -0.9525  1.0893  0.1306  251.2   77.4    -  
 12  -26   2609 Nov 04  00:09:40   1971   7542   P   a-  -0.9216  1.1479  0.1857  256.6   91.6    -  
 13  -25   2627 Nov 15  08:35:40   2063   7765   P   a-  -0.8972  1.1943  0.2287  260.8  101.1    -  
 14  -24   2645 Nov 25  17:08:16   2157   7988   P   a-  -0.8783  1.2306  0.2617  264.1  107.7    -  
 15  -23   2663 Dec 07  01:45:56   2253   8211   P   a-  -0.8640  1.2584  0.2865  266.7  112.4    -  
 16  -22   2681 Dec 17  10:29:13   2351   8434   P   a-  -0.8545  1.2772  0.3024  268.6  115.4    -  
 17  -21   2699 Dec 28  19:15:28   2451   8657   P   a-  -0.8478  1.2909  0.3137  270.1  117.5    -  
 18  -20   2718 Jan 09  04:04:42   2553   8880   P   a-  -0.8440  1.2988  0.3196  271.2  118.6    -  
 19  -19   2736 Jan 20  12:52:56   2657   9103   P   a-  -0.8396  1.3076  0.3269  272.3  120.0    -  
 20  -18   2754 Jan 30  21:42:08   2764   9326   P   a-  -0.8364  1.3141  0.3321  273.3  121.0    -  

 21  -17   2772 Feb 11  06:27:48   2872   9549   P   a-  -0.8304  1.3255  0.3429  274.6  123.0    -  
 22  -16   2790 Feb 21  15:10:34   2983   9772   P   a-  -0.8225  1.3401  0.3571  276.2  125.5    -  
 23  -15   2808 Mar 03  23:46:51   3095   9995   P   a-  -0.8098  1.3635  0.3805  278.4  129.3    -  
 24  -14   2826 Mar 15  08:18:11   3210  10218   P   a-  -0.7934  1.3935  0.4107  281.1  134.1    -  
 25  -13   2844 Mar 25  16:41:29   3327  10441   P   a-  -0.7707  1.4348  0.4524  284.4  140.1    -  
 26  -12   2862 Apr 06  00:56:58   3446  10664   P   a-  -0.7422  1.4869  0.5050  288.4  147.2    -  
 27  -11   2880 Apr 16  09:03:38   3566  10887   P   a-  -0.7070  1.5513  0.5697  293.0  155.2    -  
 28  -10   2898 Apr 27  17:02:17   3689  11110   P   a-  -0.6660  1.6265  0.6452  298.1  163.6    -  
 29  -09   2916 May 09  00:51:40   3814  11333   P   a-  -0.6179  1.7148  0.7335  303.5  172.3    -  
 30  -08   2934 May 20  08:33:11   3942  11556   P   a-  -0.5637  1.8142  0.8327  309.2  181.1    -  

 31  -07   2952 May 30  16:06:21   4071  11779   P   a-  -0.5036  1.9248  0.9427  314.9  189.5    -  
 32  -06   2970 Jun 10  23:33:32   4202  12002   T   a-  -0.4392  2.0435  1.0603  320.3  197.3   37.2
 33  -05   2988 Jun 21  06:52:51   4335  12225   T   p-  -0.3691  2.1730  1.1882  325.6  204.4   63.4
 34  -04   3006 Jul 03  14:08:38   4471  12448   T   p-  -0.2967  2.3068  1.3200  330.3  210.5   79.2
 35  -03   3024 Jul 13  21:19:17   4608  12671   T-  pp  -0.2211  2.4470  1.4575  334.4  215.4   90.3
 36  -02   3042 Jul 25  04:29:03   4748  12894   T-  pp  -0.1452  2.5878  1.5952  337.8  219.0   97.4
 37  -01   3060 Aug 04  11:35:19   4889  13117   T-  pp  -0.0674  2.7325  1.7361  340.5  221.5  101.5
 38   00   3078 Aug 15  18:43:42   5033  13340   T+  pp   0.0078  2.8439  1.8433  342.4  222.6  102.8
 39   01   3096 Aug 26  01:51:32   5179  13563   T+  pp   0.0825  2.7092  1.7038  343.6  222.4  101.3
 40   02   3114 Sep 07  09:03:01   5326  13786   T+  pp   0.1534  2.5817  1.5712  344.1  221.2   97.2


Catalog of Lunar Eclipses in Saros 165

                          TD of                                                          Phase
Seq. Rel.    Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.               Pen.    Um.    ---- Durations ---- 
Num. Num.      Date      Eclipse     ΔT    Num  Type QSE  Gamma    Mag.    Mag.    Pen.   Par.  Total
                                      s                                              m      m      m

 41   03   3132 Sep 17  16:16:36   5476  14009   T+  -p   0.2217  2.4592  1.4431  344.0  218.8   90.5
 42   04   3150 Sep 28  23:36:26   5628  14232   T   -p   0.2840  2.3478  1.3260  343.4  215.7   81.3
 43   05   3168 Oct 09  07:00:53   5782  14455   T   -a   0.3413  2.2457  1.2177  342.6  212.0   69.2
 44   06   3186 Oct 20  14:31:19   5938  14678   T   -a   0.3929  2.1543  1.1201  341.5  207.9   53.2
 45   07   3204 Oct 30  22:08:37   6097  14901   T   -a   0.4379  2.0748  1.0345  340.5  203.7   29.3
 46   08   3222 Nov 11  05:52:47   6257  15124   P   -a   0.4766  2.0069  0.9605  339.5  199.5    -  
 47   09   3240 Nov 21  13:43:51   6419  15347   P   -a   0.5087  1.9510  0.8987  338.7  195.7    -  
 48   10   3258 Dec 02  21:40:21   6584  15570   P   -a   0.5356  1.9045  0.8465  338.1  192.2    -  
 49   11   3276 Dec 13  05:43:30   6750  15793   P   -a   0.5563  1.8691  0.8060  337.9  189.3    -  
 50   12   3294 Dec 24  13:51:04   6919  16016   P   -a   0.5730  1.8408  0.7730  337.8  186.9    -  

 51   13   3313 Jan 04  22:02:19   7089  16239   P   -a   0.5860  1.8188  0.7470  337.9  185.0    -  
 52   14   3331 Jan 16  06:15:54   7262  16462   P   -a   0.5968  1.8008  0.7256  338.1  183.5    -  
 53   15   3349 Jan 26  14:30:35   7437  16685   P   -h   0.6061  1.7851  0.7071  338.3  182.1    -  
 54   16   3367 Feb 06  22:44:04   7613  16908   P   -h   0.6159  1.7681  0.6881  338.4  180.6    -  
 55   17   3385 Feb 17  06:54:34   7792  17131   P   -h   0.6278  1.7470  0.6655  338.1  178.7    -  
 56   18   3403 Mar 01  15:01:19   7973  17354   P   -t   0.6423  1.7208  0.6387  337.4  176.2    -  
 57   19   3421 Mar 11  23:02:35   8156  17577   P   -t   0.6609  1.6869  0.6045  336.2  172.8    -  
 58   20   3439 Mar 23  06:56:03   8342  17800   P   -t   0.6851  1.6422  0.5602  334.1  167.9    -  
 59   21   3457 Apr 02  14:41:55   8529  18023   P   -t   0.7149  1.5872  0.5059  331.2  161.2    -  
 60   22   3475 Apr 13  22:18:32   8718  18246   P   -t   0.7516  1.5192  0.4391  327.1  152.1    -  

 61   23   3493 Apr 24  05:46:58   8909  18469   P   -t   0.7946  1.4397  0.3609  321.8  139.8    -  
 62   24   3511 May 06  13:04:06   9103  18692   P   -t   0.8459  1.3447  0.2675  314.8  122.2    -  
 63   25   3529 May 16  20:13:39   9298  18915   P   -t   0.9028  1.2396  0.1638  306.1   97.2    -  
 64   26   3547 May 28  03:13:02   9496  19138   P   -t   0.9670  1.1211  0.0467  295.2   52.9    -  
 65   27   3565 Jun 07  10:05:41   9695  19361   N   -t   1.0361  0.9936 -0.0794  281.9    -      -  
 66   28   3583 Jun 18  16:49:31   9897  19584   N   -t   1.1118  0.8541 -0.2178  265.3    -      -  
 67   29   3601 Jun 28  23:28:45  10101  19807   N   -t   1.1905  0.7092 -0.3618  245.5    -      -  
 68   30   3619 Jul 10  06:02:23  10307  20030   N   -t   1.2728  0.5579 -0.5125  221.1    -      -  
 69   31   3637 Jul 20  12:32:51  10515  20253   N   -t   1.3571  0.4032 -0.6669  190.8    -      -  
 70   32   3655 Jul 31  19:01:08  10725  20476   N   -t   1.4423  0.2468 -0.8233  151.5    -      -  

 71   33   3673 Aug 11  01:29:36  10937  20699   Ne  -t   1.5265  0.0925 -0.9781   94.1    -      -  


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when Moon passes closest to the axis of Earth's shadow.


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Acknowledgments

The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"


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2009 Sep 29