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Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome, Italy

-0999 to 3000

( 1000 BCE to 3000 CE )

Fred Espenak

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Introduction

Although there are two to five eclipses of the Sun every year, each eclipse is only visible from a limited region of the daylight side of Earth. No single place or city will see every eclipse. In fact, several years may pass between the appearance of two eclipses from any one place. Furthermore, most eclipses appear partial from a single location even if the event is classified as total or annular. This apparent contradiction can be explained because the path of a total (or annular) eclipse is quite narrow and covers less than 1% of the Earth's surface. In comparison, a partial eclipse is visible is much larger region which may include over half of the day-side hemisphere of Earth. Eclipses for Beginners examines the geometry of solar eclipses in greater detail. Please note that extreme care must be taken when viewing a solar eclipse.

To determine whether an eclipse is visible from a given city is a formidable computation. It requires the evaluation of hundreds of trigonometric equations to predict the exact positions of the Sun and Moon as a function of time. An even more arduous problem is to ascertain when either the last or next total eclipse is visible from a city. To answer this question, one must calculate the circumstances of every single solar eclipse over the time period of interest. On the average, about 375 years elapse between the appearance of two total eclipses from the same place. But the interval can sometimes be much longer!

The digital computer (with appropriate software) is perfectly suited to addressing a number of eclipse questions including:

"How often is an eclipse visible from Rome ?"
"When was the last partial (or annular, or total) eclipse visible from Rome ?"
"When is the next partial (or annular, or total) eclipse visible from Rome ?"

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Rome
Latitude: 41°54.0'N
Longitude: 012°29.0'E
Time Zone: 1.0 h


Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome, Italy

The table below summarizes the types and numbers of eclipses visible each century from Rome during the period -0999 to 3000 ( 1000 BCE to 3000 CE ). The last two columns list the years in which annular and total eclipses are visible from the city. During this interval, 18 annular eclipses are visible from Rome ( -0989, -0917, -0907*, -0804, -0688, -0660, -0607, -0393, 0272, 0698, 1333, 1820*, 2136*, 2220, ). For the same period, 11 total eclipses are visible from Rome ( -0584, -0401, -0229*, 0418, 0540, 0968, 1386, 2187, 2299, 2379 and 2627 ). Annular and total eclipses are extraordinarily uncommon events when viewed from a single place. On average, an annular eclipse is seen once every 224 years, while a total eclipse is seen once every 375 years. However, there can be significant variations in these averages.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0, so the year 1 BCE1 is followed by the year 1 CE. This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. In this catalog, dates are counted using the astronomical numbering system which recognizes the year 0. Historians should note the numerical difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the year "0" corresponds to 1 BCE, and year "-100" corresponds to 101 BCE, etc.. (See: Year Dating Conventions )


1BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) are secular alternatives for the terms BC and AD, respectively. For more information, see Year Dating Conventions.

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Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome, Italy
Number of EclipsesDates of Eclipses
Date IntervalAll
Eclipses
Partial
Eclipses
Annular
Eclipses
Total
Eclipses
Dates of
Annular Eclipses
Dates of
Total Eclipses
-0999 to -0900 35 32 3 0 -0989, -0917, -0907* -
-0899 to -0800 31 30 1 0 -0804 -
-0799 to -0700 38 38 0 0 - -
-0699 to -0600 39 36 3 0 -0688, -0660, -0607 -
-0599 to -0500 45 44 0 1 - -0584
-0499 to -0400 35 34 0 1 - -0401
-0399 to -0300 40 39 1 0 -0393 -
-0299 to -0200 46 45 0 1 - -0229*
-0199 to -0100 39 39 0 0 - -
-0099 to -0000 37 37 0 0 - -
0001 to 0100 40 40 0 0 - -
0101 to 0200 42 42 0 0 - -
0201 to 0300 42 41 1 0 0272 -
0301 to 0400 38 38 0 0 - -
0401 to 0500 38 37 0 1 - 0418
0501 to 0600 42 41 0 1 - 0540
0601 to 0700 44 43 1 0 0698 -
0701 to 0800 37 37 0 0 - -
0801 to 0900 39 39 0 0 - -
0901 to 1000 41 40 0 1 - 0968
1001 to 1100 42 42 0 0 - -
1101 to 1200 37 37 0 0 - -
1201 to 1300 37 37 0 0 - -
1301 to 1400 42 40 1 1 1333 1386
1401 to 1500 44 44 0 0 - -
1501 to 1600 38 38 0 0 - -
1601 to 1700 38 38 0 0 - -
1701 to 1800 39 39 0 0 - -
1801 to 1900 40 39 1 0 1820* -
1901 to 2000 38 38 0 0 - -
2001 to 2100 38 38 0 0 - -
2101 to 2200 37 35 1 1 2136* 2187
2201 to 2300 43 41 1 1 2220 2299
2301 to 2400 32 31 0 1 - 2379
2401 to 2500 38 38 0 0 - -
2501 to 2600 43 43 0 0 - -
2601 to 2700 36 34 1 1 2693 2627
2701 to 2800 29 29 0 0 - -
2801 to 2900 41 40 1 0 2887* -
2901 to 3000 39 37 2 0 2950, 2994 -

Years marked by '*' indicate eclipse path passes within 15 km of central Rome

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Catalogs of Solar Eclipses Visible from
Rome, Italy

The following catalogs present circumstances for every solar eclipse visible from Rome during the period -0999 to 3000 ( 1000 BCE to 3000 CE ). Each catalog is a separate web page which covers 1,000 years. For convenience, all dates and times are given in local standard time (= GMT + 1.0) . In addition to the date and the type of eclipse visible from Rome , the local times for the beginning, maximum and end of the eclipse are given. For maximum eclipse, each catalog lists the Sun's altitude and azimuth as well as the magnitude (fraction of Sun's diameter covered) and obscuration (fraction of Sun's area covered). The number of years elapsed since the previous eclipse visible from Rome is listed next. If the eclipse is annular or total from some portion of the Earth's surface, then the distance (km) from Rome to the center and edge of the eclipse path are provided.

Special notes (last column) call attention to major partial eclipses (magnitude ≥ 0.85 ), or occasions when a total or annular eclipse path passes within 500 km of Rome . Finally, if the eclipse is actually annular or total from Rome , then the duration of annularity or totality is given. For a complete description of each item in the catalogs, please see Key to Solar Eclipse Viewing Circumstances. For a basic explanation on why solar eclipses occur, see Eclipses for Beginners.


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Index to Catalogs of Solar Eclipses Visible from
Rome, Italy



Introduction (Top)


-0999 to 0000
0001 to 1000
1001 to 2000
2001 to 3000

Two additional catalogs are available to investigate solar eclipses visible from Rome during the period -0999 to 3000 ( 1000 BCE to 3000 CE ). The first catalog lists the local circumstances (times, magnitude, etc.) for major eclipses (magnitude greater than 0.85 , and nearby annular and total eclipses). The second catalog focuses exclusively on annular and total eclipses seen from within a distance of 15 km of the center of Rome . The catalogs should prove useful for historical research or for planning future observations. They can be accessed via the following links.

Major Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome

Annular and Total Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome


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These eclipse predictions are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC"

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Eclipse Predictions & WebMaster: Fred Espenak
e-mail: espenak@gsfc.nasa.gov

Planetary Systems Branch - Code 693
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 USA


Last revised: 2003 Mar 31 - F. Espenak