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Annular and Total Solar Eclipses
Visible from Rome, Italy

-0999 to 3000

( 1000 BCE to 3000 CE )

Fred Espenak

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Rome
Latitude: 41°54.0'N
Longitude: 012°29.0'E
Time Zone: 1.0 h


Annular and Total Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome, Italy

Two to five eclipses of the Sun occur every year. Each of these events is only visible within the 7,000 kilometer wide track of the Moon's penumbral shadow as it sweeps across a portion of the Earth. If the dark core of the Moon's shadow (umbra) also crosses the Earth, then either an annular or total eclipse will be seen within its very narrow path. The umbral path is typically about 100 to 200 kilometers wide. For any given location, a partial eclipse occurs about once every two or three years. In comparison, annular and total eclipses are far rarer events. Eclipses for Beginners examines the geometry of solar eclipses in greater detail. Please note that extreme care must be taken when viewing a solar eclipse.

The table below summarizes the types and numbers of eclipses visible each century from Rome during the period -0999 to 3000 ( 1000 BCE to 3000 CE ). The last two columns list the years in which annular and total eclipses are visible from this location. During this interval, 18 annular eclipses are visible from Rome ( -0989, -0917, -0907*, -0804, -0688, -0660, -0607, -0393, 0272, 0698, 1333, 1820*, 2136*, 2220, ). For the same period, 11 total eclipses are visible from Rome ( -0584, -0401, -0229*, 0418, 0540, 0968, 1386, 2187, 2299, 2379 and 2627 ). Annular and total eclipses are extraordinarily uncommon events when viewed from a single place. On average, an annular eclipse is seen once every 224 years, while a total eclipse is seen once every 375 years. However, there can be significant variations in these averages.

The geographic coordinates used in these predictions are for a single position in central Rome . But cities are not simply singular points on the surface of the Earth. They cover geographic regions many tens of square kilometers in area. An eclipse path may miss the center of a city yet still be visible from within the city limits. To cover for this possibility, any partial eclipse seen from the city's center is counted as annular or total if some portion of its umbral path passes within 15 km of the city's coordinates.

The Julian calendar does not include the year 0, so the year 1 BCE1 is followed by the year 1 CE. This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. In this catalog, dates are counted using the astronomical numbering system which recognizes the year 0. Historians should note the numerical difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the year "0" corresponds to 1 BCE, and year "-100" corresponds to 101 BCE, etc.. (See: Year Dating Conventions )


1BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) are secular alternatives for the terms BC and AD, respectively. For more information, see Year Dating Conventions.

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Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome, Italy
Number of EclipsesDates of Eclipses
Date IntervalAll
Eclipses
Partial
Eclipses
Annular
Eclipses
Total
Eclipses
Dates of
Annular Eclipses
Dates of
Total Eclipses
-0999 to -0900 35 32 3 0 -0989, -0917, -0907* -
-0899 to -0800 31 30 1 0 -0804 -
-0799 to -0700 38 38 0 0 - -
-0699 to -0600 39 36 3 0 -0688, -0660, -0607 -
-0599 to -0500 45 44 0 1 - -0584
-0499 to -0400 35 34 0 1 - -0401
-0399 to -0300 40 39 1 0 -0393 -
-0299 to -0200 46 45 0 1 - -0229*
-0199 to -0100 39 39 0 0 - -
-0099 to -0000 37 37 0 0 - -
0001 to 0100 40 40 0 0 - -
0101 to 0200 42 42 0 0 - -
0201 to 0300 42 41 1 0 0272 -
0301 to 0400 38 38 0 0 - -
0401 to 0500 38 37 0 1 - 0418
0501 to 0600 42 41 0 1 - 0540
0601 to 0700 44 43 1 0 0698 -
0701 to 0800 37 37 0 0 - -
0801 to 0900 39 39 0 0 - -
0901 to 1000 41 40 0 1 - 0968
1001 to 1100 42 42 0 0 - -
1101 to 1200 37 37 0 0 - -
1201 to 1300 37 37 0 0 - -
1301 to 1400 42 40 1 1 1333 1386
1401 to 1500 44 44 0 0 - -
1501 to 1600 38 38 0 0 - -
1601 to 1700 38 38 0 0 - -
1701 to 1800 39 39 0 0 - -
1801 to 1900 40 39 1 0 1820* -
1901 to 2000 38 38 0 0 - -
2001 to 2100 38 38 0 0 - -
2101 to 2200 37 35 1 1 2136* 2187
2201 to 2300 43 41 1 1 2220 2299
2301 to 2400 32 31 0 1 - 2379
2401 to 2500 38 38 0 0 - -
2501 to 2600 43 43 0 0 - -
2601 to 2700 36 34 1 1 2693 2627
2701 to 2800 29 29 0 0 - -
2801 to 2900 41 40 1 0 2887* -
2901 to 3000 39 37 2 0 2950, 2994 -

Years marked by '*' indicate eclipse path passes within 15 km of central Rome

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Catalog of Annular and Total Eclipses Visible from Rome, Italy

The following catalog features the primary details for all annular and total eclipses visible from Rome during the period -0999 to 3000 ( 1000 BCE to 3000 CE ). For convenience, all dates and times are given in local standard time (= GMT + 1.0) . Note that if daylight savings time is in effect, then one hour must be added to the times. In addition to the date and the type of eclipse visible from Rome , the local times for the beginning, maximum and end of the eclipse are given. For maximum eclipse, each catalog lists the Sun's altitude and azimuth as well as the magnitude (fraction of Sun's diameter covered) and obscuration (fraction of Sun's area covered). A magnitude of 1.0 or greater is a total eclipse while a magnitude less than 1.0 is either an annular or partial eclipse. Next, the distances (km) from Rome to the center line and path edge are provided. If the city coordinates are inside the umbral eclipse path, then the tabulated distance to the path edge is negative. Positive values imply that the geographic coordinates are just outside the path, but that an annular or total eclipse is still visible from some portions of the city. Finally, the last column provides special comments about the eclipse. If the central coordinates of Rome are within the path, then the duration of annularity or totality is given. For a complete description of each item in the catalog, please see Key to Solar Eclipse Viewing Circumstances.

BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) are secular alternatives for the terms BC and AD, respectively. For more information, see Year Dating Conventions.


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Annular and Total Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome, Italy

-0999 to 3000

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                                                                      Since
            Eclipse Eclipse  Maximum  Eclipse Sun  Sun  Eclip. Eclip.  Last    Dist.  Dist.   Special
     Date     Type  Begins   Eclipse   Ends   Alt  Azm   Mag.   Obs.  Eclipse Center  Edge    Notes
                      h  m     h  m     h  m    °    °                  yrs     km     km

-0989 Mar 09   A:a   12:25    14:01    15:29   35  209  0.950  0.873     -       68    -63    ANNULAR - 05m21s
-0917 Apr 21   A:a   16:19    17:36    18:40s  12  271  0.959  0.875   72.1      32    -92    ANNULAR - 04m40s
-0907 Mar 31   A:p   13:06    14:39    16:03   38  227  0.966  0.935    9.9      70      6    ANNULAR -  6 km to path
-0804 Apr 02   A:a   06:07r   06:33    07:39    4   92  0.976  0.944  103.0     116    -46    ANNULAR - 01m16s
-0688 Jan 11   A:a   08:12    09:42    11:23   15  142  0.928  0.856  115.8     284    -28    ANNULAR - 03m01s
-0660 Jun 27   A:a   12:35    14:15    15:45   58  246  0.979  0.930   28.5      11    -59    ANNULAR - 03m26s
-0607 Feb 13   A:a   12:54    14:29    15:53   26  213  0.966  0.917   52.6      59    -39    ANNULAR - 03m07s
-0584 May 28   T:t   15:50    16:55    17:54   26  275  1.001  1.000   23.3     119     -5    TOTAL -   01m12s
-0401 Jan 18   T:t   07:45r   08:40    09:52    8  129  1.018  1.000  182.6       2   -192    TOTAL -   02m24s
-0393 Aug 14   A:a   07:25    08:49    10:23   40  104  0.962  0.878    8.6      25    -97    ANNULAR - 05m43s
-0229 May 05   T:p   06:44    07:46    08:54   29   96  0.998  0.999  163.7      71     12    TOTAL -   12 km to path
 0272 Nov 08   A:a   06:58r   07:01    08:14    1  113  0.938  0.846  501.5      84    -73    ANNULAR - 04m56s
 0359 Mar 15   H:p   15:00    16:14    17:22   21  246  0.998  0.998   86.3      15      9    ANNULAR -  9 km to path
 0418 Jul 19   T:t   10:10    11:34    13:00   68  155  1.017  1.000   59.3      21    -60    TOTAL -   03m41s
 0540 Jun 20   T:t   07:43    08:49    10:02   45   98  1.008  1.000  121.9     105    -30    TOTAL -   03m11s
 0698 Dec 08   A:a   10:20    12:06    13:55   25  180  0.941  0.830  158.5     109   -246    ANNULAR - 09m38s
 0968 Dec 22   T:t   08:44    09:59    11:20   18  148  1.010  1.000  270.0      31    -76    TOTAL -   02m05s
 1333 May 14   A:a   14:55    16:16    17:28   34  268  0.994  0.979  364.4       3    -17    ANNULAR - 00m49s
 1386 Jan 01   T:t   09:48    11:06    12:29   24  162  1.012  1.000   52.6      43    -88    TOTAL -   02m41s
 1567 Apr 09   H:p   10:51    12:21    13:51   59  185  1.000  1.000  181.3       6      2    ANNULAR -  2 km to path
 1820 Sep 07   A:p   13:57    15:25    16:44   34  245  0.931  0.870  253.4     242     10    ANNULAR - 10 km to path
 2136 Apr 01   A:p   14:35    16:01    17:19   27  250  0.932  0.873  315.6     135     12    ANNULAR - 12 km to path
 2187 Jul 06   T:t   06:38    07:38    08:45   30   85  1.013  1.000   51.3      47    -53    TOTAL -   02m36s
 2220 Sep 27   A:a   13:31    15:01    16:21   30  235  0.960  0.920   33.2     130     -3    ANNULAR - 00m46s
 2299 Jun 28   T:t   13:55    15:15    16:28   48  258  1.005  1.000   78.7      44    -18    TOTAL -   01m45s
 2379 Mar 19   T:t   10:23    11:39    12:56   47  166  1.017  1.000   79.7      13    -71    TOTAL -   03m01s
 2627 May 07   T:t   15:33    16:40    17:40   27  268  1.023  1.000  248.1      25    -88    TOTAL -   03m36s
 2693 Apr 27   A:a   14:57    16:26    17:44   28  264  0.960  0.862   66.0      15   -124    ANNULAR - 06m06s
 2887 May 14   A:p   04:55r   05:39    06:43    7   71  0.942  0.890  194.0     200     13    ANNULAR - 13 km to path
 2950 Jul 06   A:a   12:42    14:21    15:50   58  243  0.982  0.932   63.1       2    -74    ANNULAR - 03m19s
 2994 Mar 03   A:a   11:28    13:03    14:33   41  194  0.947  0.883   43.7      96    -30    ANNULAR - 03m44s


All times are in Local Standard Time.
(Add one hour when Daylight Savings Time is in effect.)

Key to Eclipse Circumstances Catalog

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All Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome, Italy

The following two catalogs provide more details for solar eclipses visible from Rome during the period -0999 to 3000 ( 1000 BCE to 3000 CE ). The first catalog lists the local circumstances (times, magnitude, etc.) for every eclipse visible from the city. The second catalog includes only major eclipses (magnitude greater than 0.85 , including nearby annular and total eclipses). The catalogs should prove useful for historical research or for planning future observations.

Catalog of All Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome

Catalog of Major Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome


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These eclipse predictions are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC"

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Eclipse Predictions & WebMaster: Fred Espenak
e-mail: espenak@gsfc.nasa.gov

Planetary Systems Branch - Code 693
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 USA


Last revised: 2003 Mar 31 - F. Espenak