The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 35 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -1870 Jul 25. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0373 Jan 09. The total duration of Saros series 35 is 1496.50 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -1870 Jul 25 01:47:41 TD
Last Eclipse = -0373 Jan 09 10:07:20 TD
Duration of Saros 35 = 1496.50 Years
Saros 35 is composed of 84 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 35 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 84 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 41 | 48.8% |
| Annular | A | 3 | 3.6% |
| Total | T | 38 | 45.2% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 35 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 35 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 84 eclipses in Saros 35: 22P 3A 2H 38T 19P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 35 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: -0788 May 04 Duration = 05m59s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: -1383 May 12 Duration = 01m22s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: -1473 Mar 20 Duration = 01m19s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: -1437 Apr 10 Duration = 00m06s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: -1401 May 02 Duration = 00m55s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: -1419 Apr 21 Duration = 00m26s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: -1491 Mar 08 Magnitude = 0.9520
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: -1870 Jul 25 Magnitude = 0.0081
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 35 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 035 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -35 -1870 Jul 25 01:47:41 41988 -47859 Pb 1.5600 0.0081 66.8N 146.1E 0 359
02 -34 -1852 Aug 04 08:41:15 41578 -47636 P 1.5009 0.1091 67.9N 30.0E 0 348
03 -33 -1834 Aug 15 15:45:30 41171 -47413 P 1.4493 0.1971 68.9N 89.4W 0 336
04 -32 -1816 Aug 25 22:59:47 40765 -47190 P 1.4050 0.2724 69.8N 148.1E 0 324
05 -31 -1798 Sep 06 06:25:28 40361 -46967 P 1.3692 0.3331 70.6N 22.1E 0 311
06 -30 -1780 Sep 16 14:01:07 39960 -46744 P 1.3406 0.3814 71.2N 107.0W 0 298
07 -29 -1762 Sep 27 21:45:47 39560 -46521 P 1.3186 0.4185 71.6N 121.2E 0 284
08 -28 -1744 Oct 08 05:39:41 39163 -46298 P 1.3033 0.4443 71.7N 13.1W 0 270
09 -27 -1726 Oct 19 13:40:25 38767 -46075 P 1.2925 0.4624 71.6N 149.2W 0 255
10 -26 -1708 Oct 29 21:47:25 38373 -45852 P 1.2865 0.4725 71.2N 73.3E 0 241
11 -25 -1690 Nov 10 05:56:47 37982 -45629 P 1.2815 0.4809 70.6N 64.2W 0 227
12 -24 -1672 Nov 20 14:09:47 37592 -45406 P 1.2789 0.4852 69.7N 158.0E 0 214
13 -23 -1654 Dec 01 22:21:49 37205 -45183 P 1.2745 0.4928 68.8N 21.1E 0 202
14 -22 -1636 Dec 12 06:32:48 36819 -44960 P 1.2687 0.5027 67.7N 114.8W 0 190
15 -21 -1618 Dec 23 14:39:12 36436 -44737 P 1.2582 0.5207 66.6N 111.0E 0 179
16 -20 -1599 Jan 02 22:41:56 36054 -44514 P 1.2439 0.5453 65.5N 21.8W 0 168
17 -19 -1581 Jan 14 06:38:15 35675 -44291 P 1.2234 0.5810 64.5N 152.5W 0 158
18 -18 -1563 Jan 24 14:27:55 35297 -44068 P 1.1965 0.6282 63.5N 78.9E 0 148
19 -17 -1545 Feb 04 22:09:58 34922 -43845 P 1.1621 0.6891 62.7N 47.6W 0 138
20 -16 -1527 Feb 15 05:44:59 34548 -43622 P 1.1210 0.7626 62.0N 172.0W 0 129
21 -15 -1509 Feb 26 13:11:48 34177 -43399 P 1.0720 0.8508 61.4N 65.8E 0 120
22 -14 -1491 Mar 08 20:32:07 33807 -43176 P 1.0164 0.9520 60.9N 54.6W 0 111
23 -13 -1473 Mar 20 03:45:39 33440 -42953 A 0.9541 0.9823 53.6N 144.6W 17 126 207 01m19s
24 -12 -1455 Mar 30 10:54:58 33074 -42730 A 0.8869 0.9909 49.7N 113.9E 27 131 67 00m42s
25 -11 -1437 Apr 10 17:57:46 32711 -42507 A 0.8132 0.9987 47.6N 11.7E 35 134 8 00m06s
26 -10 -1419 Apr 21 00:58:56 32349 -42284 H 0.7371 1.0055 46.5N 90.9W 42 137 28 00m26s
27 -09 -1401 May 02 07:56:36 31990 -42061 H 0.6571 1.0118 45.9N 167.6E 49 140 53 00m55s
28 -08 -1383 May 12 14:55:38 31632 -41838 T 0.5768 1.0173 45.4N 65.8E 55 145 72 01m22s
29 -07 -1365 May 23 21:53:13 31277 -41615 T 0.4943 1.0220 44.6N 35.5W 60 150 86 01m47s
30 -06 -1347 Jun 03 04:55:30 30923 -41392 T 0.4146 1.0260 43.3N 138.0W 65 156 97 02m09s
31 -05 -1329 Jun 14 12:00:01 30572 -41169 T 0.3360 1.0292 41.3N 118.6E 70 162 105 02m30s
32 -04 -1311 Jun 24 19:10:53 30223 -40946 T 0.2617 1.0317 38.5N 13.0E 75 168 111 02m48s
33 -03 -1293 Jul 06 02:26:36 29875 -40723 T 0.1903 1.0335 35.0N 94.7W 79 174 115 03m04s
34 -02 -1275 Jul 16 09:51:11 29530 -40500 T 0.1255 1.0347 30.8N 154.6E 83 179 118 03m16s
35 -01 -1257 Jul 27 17:23:13 29186 -40277 T 0.0662 1.0352 26.1N 41.2E 86 183 119 03m24s
36 00 -1239 Aug 07 01:04:07 28845 -40054 T 0.0136 1.0354 21.0N 75.1W 89 186 119 03m28s
37 01 -1221 Aug 18 08:54:26 28506 -39831 T -0.0318 1.0351 15.6N 165.5E 88 11 118 03m27s
38 02 -1203 Aug 28 16:54:32 28168 -39608 T -0.0696 1.0347 10.1N 43.4E 86 14 117 03m24s
39 03 -1185 Sep 09 01:04:17 27833 -39385 T -0.1000 1.0341 4.6N 81.5W 84 16 115 03m19s
40 04 -1167 Sep 19 09:22:26 27499 -39162 T -0.1239 1.0336 0.9S 151.5E 83 17 114 03m14s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 05 -1149 Sep 30 17:49:36 27168 -38939 T -0.1406 1.0331 6.2S 22.2E 82 18 113 03m09s
42 06 -1131 Oct 11 02:23:56 26839 -38716 T -0.1518 1.0329 11.3S 108.7W 81 18 112 03m05s
43 07 -1113 Oct 22 11:04:26 26511 -38493 Tm -0.1583 1.0330 16.2S 119.3E 81 17 113 03m04s
44 08 -1095 Nov 01 19:50:07 26186 -38270 T -0.1609 1.0335 20.6S 13.7W 81 16 114 03m04s
45 09 -1077 Nov 13 04:39:31 25863 -38047 T -0.1610 1.0345 24.5S 147.0W 81 13 118 03m08s
46 10 -1059 Nov 23 13:30:32 25541 -37824 T -0.1600 1.0360 27.8S 79.8E 81 10 123 03m15s
47 11 -1041 Dec 04 22:21:18 25222 -37601 T -0.1597 1.0380 30.5S 52.7W 81 6 129 03m23s
48 12 -1023 Dec 15 07:11:01 24905 -37378 T -0.1607 1.0405 32.3S 175.5E 81 1 137 03m34s
49 13 -1005 Dec 26 15:57:57 24589 -37155 T -0.1647 1.0434 33.4S 44.7E 80 356 147 03m46s
50 14 -0986 Jan 06 00:39:41 24276 -36932 T -0.1735 1.0467 33.7S 84.7W 80 351 158 03m59s
51 15 -0968 Jan 17 09:15:55 23965 -36709 T -0.1871 1.0503 33.2S 147.3E 79 345 170 04m12s
52 16 -0950 Jan 27 17:45:09 23656 -36486 T -0.2071 1.0541 32.2S 20.8E 78 341 183 04m25s
53 17 -0932 Feb 08 02:07:49 23348 -36263 T -0.2330 1.0579 30.6S 104.3W 76 336 196 04m38s
54 18 -0914 Feb 18 10:21:12 23043 -36040 T -0.2669 1.0617 28.9S 132.7E 74 333 210 04m51s
55 19 -0896 Feb 29 18:27:53 22740 -35817 T -0.3068 1.0652 27.0S 11.0E 72 330 223 05m04s
56 20 -0878 Mar 12 02:25:29 22439 -35594 T -0.3543 1.0685 25.2S 108.6W 69 329 237 05m16s
57 21 -0860 Mar 22 10:16:37 22139 -35371 T -0.4074 1.0712 23.7S 133.2E 66 328 251 05m28s
58 22 -0842 Apr 02 17:59:38 21842 -35148 T -0.4674 1.0733 22.8S 17.0E 62 328 266 05m39s
59 23 -0824 Apr 13 01:37:47 21547 -34925 T -0.5315 1.0747 22.5S 98.3W 58 329 282 05m49s
60 24 -0806 Apr 24 09:10:23 21254 -34702 T -0.6002 1.0752 23.1S 147.8E 53 331 300 05m56s
61 25 -0788 May 04 16:38:37 20962 -34479 T -0.6724 1.0747 24.9S 34.8E 48 333 322 05m59s
62 26 -0770 May 16 00:03:57 20673 -34256 T -0.7469 1.0732 28.1S 77.8W 41 335 352 05m54s
63 27 -0752 May 26 07:27:48 20386 -34033 T -0.8222 1.0705 33.0S 169.8E 34 338 398 05m40s
64 28 -0734 Jun 06 14:51:32 20101 -33810 T -0.8975 1.0665 40.2S 57.1E 26 341 491 05m12s
65 29 -0716 Jun 16 22:15:24 19818 -33587 T -0.9722 1.0601 52.4S 54.9W 13 343 874 04m21s
66 30 -0698 Jun 28 05:42:08 19532 -33364 P -1.0443 0.9358 65.4S 169.0W 0 345
67 31 -0680 Jul 08 13:12:07 19227 -33141 P -1.1128 0.8025 66.4S 66.9E 0 355
68 32 -0662 Jul 19 20:46:12 18926 -32918 P -1.1775 0.6774 67.4S 58.8W 0 6
69 33 -0644 Jul 30 04:25:23 18630 -32695 P -1.2375 0.5622 68.4S 173.9E 0 17
70 34 -0626 Aug 10 12:11:00 18338 -32472 P -1.2917 0.4591 69.3S 44.4E 0 28
71 35 -0608 Aug 20 20:03:46 18051 -32249 P -1.3392 0.3698 70.2S 87.5W 0 41
72 36 -0590 Sep 01 04:02:30 17769 -32026 P -1.3812 0.2916 70.9S 138.5E 0 54
73 37 -0572 Sep 11 12:09:48 17491 -31803 P -1.4156 0.2284 71.4S 1.9E 0 67
74 38 -0554 Sep 22 20:23:51 17217 -31580 P -1.4442 0.1769 71.7S 136.7W 0 81
75 39 -0536 Oct 03 04:46:01 16948 -31357 P -1.4657 0.1389 71.7S 82.4E 0 95
76 40 -0518 Oct 14 13:12:47 16683 -31134 P -1.4830 0.1090 71.5S 59.5W 0 109
77 41 -0500 Oct 24 21:46:30 16421 -30911 P -1.4943 0.0902 71.0S 157.1E 0 123
78 42 -0482 Nov 05 06:23:22 16164 -30688 P -1.5027 0.0767 70.4S 13.5E 0 137
79 43 -0464 Nov 15 15:03:43 15910 -30465 P -1.5080 0.0687 69.5S 130.4W 0 150
80 44 -0446 Nov 26 23:44:34 15661 -30242 P -1.5126 0.0618 68.5S 86.3E 0 162
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
81 45 -0428 Dec 07 08:26:02 15415 -30019 P -1.5165 0.0560 67.5S 56.6W 0 174
82 46 -0410 Dec 18 17:04:14 15173 -29796 P -1.5225 0.0462 66.4S 162.0E 0 185
83 47 -0392 Dec 29 01:38:40 14934 -29573 P -1.5311 0.0315 65.3S 22.0E 0 196
84 48 -0373 Jan 09 10:07:20 14698 -29350 Pe -1.5438 0.0092 64.3S 116.1W 0 206
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
