The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 43 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -1512 Apr 29. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0232 Jun 05. The total duration of Saros series 43 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -1512 Apr 29 15:38:06 TD
Last Eclipse = -0232 Jun 05 11:55:23 TD
Duration of Saros 43 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 43 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 43 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 17 | 23.6% |
| Annular | A | 55 | 76.4% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 43 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 43 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 55 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 54 | 98.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 43: 8P 55A 9P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 43 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: -1116 Dec 23 Duration = 09m30s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: -1368 Jul 24 Duration = 01m24s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: -0376 Mar 11 Magnitude = 0.9726
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: -1512 Apr 29 Magnitude = 0.0041
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 43 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 043 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -36 -1512 Apr 29 15:38:06 34235 -43434 Pb 1.5386 0.0041 61.2N 20.9W 0 69
02 -35 -1494 May 10 22:40:29 33865 -43211 P 1.4688 0.1342 61.6N 137.0W 0 61
03 -34 -1476 May 21 05:39:55 33497 -42988 P 1.3975 0.2665 62.1N 107.6E 0 52
04 -33 -1458 Jun 01 12:36:59 33131 -42765 P 1.3249 0.4003 62.7N 7.4W 0 43
05 -32 -1440 Jun 11 19:34:14 32768 -42542 P 1.2530 0.5316 63.5N 122.6W 0 34
06 -31 -1422 Jun 23 02:32:27 32406 -42319 P 1.1828 0.6588 64.4N 121.7E 0 25
07 -30 -1404 Jul 03 09:33:53 32046 -42096 P 1.1160 0.7784 65.3N 4.9E 0 15
08 -29 -1386 Jul 14 16:37:21 31688 -41873 P 1.0515 0.8922 66.3N 112.7W 0 5
09 -28 -1368 Jul 24 23:47:15 31332 -41650 An 0.9934 0.9744 72.3N 126.0E 5 353 - 01m24s
10 -27 -1350 Aug 05 07:01:49 30979 -41427 A 0.9399 0.9722 83.8N 55.3W 19 283 300 01m44s
11 -26 -1332 Aug 15 14:24:39 30627 -41204 A 0.8938 0.9677 77.6N 139.5E 26 231 262 02m12s
12 -25 -1314 Aug 26 21:53:09 30277 -40981 A 0.8532 0.9627 69.9N 12.9E 31 220 260 02m46s
13 -24 -1296 Sep 06 05:31:22 29929 -40758 A 0.8213 0.9575 62.8N 109.0W 34 215 271 03m23s
14 -23 -1278 Sep 17 13:15:57 29584 -40535 A 0.7954 0.9523 56.3N 129.1E 37 212 286 04m04s
15 -22 -1260 Sep 27 21:08:24 29240 -40312 A 0.7766 0.9474 50.4N 6.0E 39 209 304 04m48s
16 -21 -1242 Oct 09 05:06:41 28898 -40089 A 0.7632 0.9428 45.1N 118.2W 40 206 324 05m33s
17 -20 -1224 Oct 19 13:11:44 28559 -39866 A 0.7557 0.9386 40.5N 116.2E 41 203 344 06m19s
18 -19 -1206 Oct 30 21:20:03 28221 -39643 A 0.7517 0.9350 36.5N 10.1W 41 199 363 07m04s
19 -18 -1188 Nov 10 05:31:05 27885 -39420 A 0.7504 0.9320 33.1N 137.1W 41 196 382 07m47s
20 -17 -1170 Nov 21 13:42:38 27552 -39197 A 0.7502 0.9296 30.3N 95.9E 41 191 397 08m26s
21 -16 -1152 Dec 01 21:54:20 27220 -38974 A 0.7504 0.9280 28.0N 31.2W 41 187 409 08m57s
22 -15 -1134 Dec 13 06:01:40 26890 -38751 A 0.7477 0.9270 26.0N 157.1W 41 182 414 09m19s
23 -14 -1116 Dec 23 14:05:12 26563 -38528 A 0.7423 0.9267 24.4N 78.0E 42 178 412 09m30s
24 -13 -1097 Jan 03 22:01:28 26237 -38305 A 0.7314 0.9271 23.1N 44.9W 43 173 401 09m29s
25 -12 -1079 Jan 14 05:51:35 25913 -38082 A 0.7159 0.9280 22.0N 166.1W 44 168 384 09m17s
26 -11 -1061 Jan 25 13:30:53 25592 -37859 A 0.6917 0.9295 20.9N 75.8E 46 164 361 08m56s
27 -10 -1043 Feb 04 21:02:29 25272 -37636 A 0.6615 0.9313 20.2N 40.0W 48 159 336 08m28s
28 -09 -1025 Feb 16 04:22:31 24954 -37413 A 0.6221 0.9335 19.7N 152.3W 51 156 310 07m57s
29 -08 -1007 Feb 26 11:33:23 24639 -37190 A 0.5754 0.9359 19.4N 98.1E 55 153 285 07m26s
30 -07 -0989 Mar 09 18:32:53 24325 -36967 A 0.5194 0.9383 19.4N 8.1W 59 150 263 06m57s
31 -06 -0971 Mar 20 01:24:23 24014 -36744 A 0.4570 0.9408 19.6N 111.8W 63 149 243 06m32s
32 -05 -0953 Mar 31 08:06:38 23704 -36521 A 0.3868 0.9430 19.9N 147.2E 67 149 226 06m12s
33 -04 -0935 Apr 10 14:40:46 23396 -36298 A 0.3100 0.9451 20.1N 48.7E 72 149 211 05m58s
34 -03 -0917 Apr 21 21:08:47 23091 -36075 A 0.2285 0.9468 20.1N 47.9W 77 151 200 05m50s
35 -02 -0899 May 02 03:31:49 22787 -35852 A 0.1429 0.9482 19.7N 143.1W 82 153 192 05m49s
36 -01 -0881 May 13 09:51:29 22486 -35629 A 0.0545 0.9492 18.6N 122.6E 87 157 187 05m54s
37 00 -0863 May 23 16:08:30 22186 -35406 Am -0.0362 0.9498 16.8N 28.8E 88 338 184 06m05s
38 01 -0845 Jun 03 22:26:25 21889 -35183 A -0.1262 0.9498 14.2N 65.4W 83 343 186 06m22s
39 02 -0827 Jun 14 04:45:39 21593 -34960 A -0.2148 0.9494 10.7N 160.6W 78 348 190 06m42s
40 03 -0809 Jun 25 11:08:06 21299 -34737 A -0.3008 0.9486 6.4N 102.9E 73 352 198 07m04s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 04 -0791 Jul 05 17:35:32 21008 -34514 A -0.3830 0.9474 1.3N 4.4E 67 356 209 07m23s
42 05 -0773 Jul 17 00:10:02 20718 -34291 A -0.4595 0.9459 4.4S 96.5W 63 1 224 07m36s
43 06 -0755 Jul 27 06:52:13 20431 -34068 A -0.5298 0.9441 10.5S 159.9E 58 5 243 07m42s
44 07 -0737 Aug 07 13:42:29 20145 -33845 A -0.5939 0.9421 17.0S 53.6E 53 9 265 07m40s
45 08 -0719 Aug 17 20:43:10 19862 -33622 A -0.6496 0.9400 23.7S 55.8W 49 13 291 07m31s
46 09 -0701 Aug 29 03:53:51 19580 -33399 A -0.6975 0.9379 30.3S 168.2W 46 16 319 07m18s
47 10 -0683 Sep 08 11:15:17 19274 -33176 A -0.7371 0.9361 36.9S 76.2E 42 20 348 07m02s
48 11 -0665 Sep 19 18:46:45 18973 -32953 A -0.7690 0.9344 43.2S 42.1W 39 24 378 06m44s
49 12 -0647 Sep 30 02:28:46 18676 -32730 A -0.7927 0.9332 49.2S 163.0W 37 28 405 06m26s
50 13 -0629 Oct 11 10:19:51 18384 -32507 A -0.8096 0.9323 54.8S 74.2E 36 32 428 06m08s
51 14 -0611 Oct 21 18:18:09 18096 -32284 A -0.8210 0.9322 60.1S 49.8W 34 34 443 05m50s
52 15 -0593 Nov 02 02:24:04 17813 -32061 A -0.8268 0.9325 65.1S 174.3W 34 35 449 05m32s
53 16 -0575 Nov 12 10:34:31 17534 -31838 A -0.8298 0.9336 69.8S 62.2E 34 34 446 05m15s
54 17 -0557 Nov 23 18:49:07 17260 -31615 A -0.8297 0.9354 74.0S 58.5W 34 30 434 04m57s
55 18 -0539 Dec 04 03:03:45 16990 -31392 A -0.8304 0.9378 77.6S 173.2W 34 18 419 04m39s
56 19 -0521 Dec 15 11:19:54 16724 -31169 A -0.8304 0.9409 79.7S 81.2E 34 358 397 04m20s
57 20 -0503 Dec 25 19:33:10 16462 -30946 A -0.8340 0.9446 79.6S 18.9W 33 333 374 03m59s
58 21 -0484 Jan 06 03:43:31 16204 -30723 A -0.8405 0.9488 77.3S 124.1W 32 313 350 03m38s
59 22 -0466 Jan 16 11:47:55 15950 -30500 A -0.8528 0.9533 74.1S 125.0E 31 301 328 03m16s
60 23 -0448 Jan 27 19:47:31 15700 -30277 A -0.8698 0.9583 70.6S 10.4E 29 294 308 02m53s
61 24 -0430 Feb 07 03:39:58 15453 -30054 A -0.8937 0.9633 67.4S 104.0W 26 290 296 02m30s
62 25 -0412 Feb 18 11:25:21 15210 -29831 A -0.9242 0.9683 64.7S 143.6E 22 285 299 02m07s
63 26 -0394 Feb 28 19:03:05 14971 -29608 A -0.9619 0.9727 63.0S 36.1E 15 278 362 01m46s
64 27 -0376 Mar 11 02:34:06 14735 -29385 P -1.0057 0.9726 60.8S 53.7W 0 258
65 28 -0358 Mar 22 09:57:33 14502 -29162 P -1.0565 0.8844 60.7S 174.2W 0 267
66 29 -0340 Apr 01 17:15:28 14273 -28939 P -1.1126 0.7853 60.8S 66.7E 0 276
67 30 -0322 Apr 13 00:27:44 14047 -28716 P -1.1739 0.6756 61.0S 51.1W 0 285
68 31 -0304 Apr 23 07:37:10 13824 -28493 P -1.2383 0.5588 61.3S 168.2W 0 293
69 32 -0286 May 04 14:41:45 13604 -28270 P -1.3071 0.4326 61.8S 75.8E 0 302
70 33 -0268 May 14 21:46:32 13387 -28047 P -1.3763 0.3045 62.4S 40.4W 0 311
71 34 -0250 May 26 04:49:31 13173 -27824 P -1.4474 0.1720 63.2S 156.4W 0 320
72 35 -0232 Jun 05 11:55:23 12961 -27601 Pe -1.5169 0.0413 64.0S 86.7E 0 329
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
