Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 43

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 43

Solar eclipses of Saros 43 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -1512 Apr 29. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0232 Jun 05. The total duration of Saros series 43 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -1512 Apr 29   15:38:06 TD
                       Last Eclipse =  -0232 Jun 05   11:55:23 TD

                      Duration of Saros  43  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 43 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 43
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 17 23.6%
AnnularA 55 76.4%
TotalT 0 0.0%
Hybrid[3]H 0 0.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 43 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 43
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 55100.0%
Central (two limits) 54 98.2%
Central (one limit) 1 1.8%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 43: 8P 55A 9P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 43 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 43
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse -1116 Dec 2309m30s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -1368 Jul 2401m24s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -0376 Mar 11 - 0.97258
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -1512 Apr 29 - 0.00409

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 43

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 43. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 43.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 43

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

01174 -36 -1512 Apr 29  15:38:06  35345 -43434   Pb   1.5386  0.0041  61.2N  16.3W   0             
01214 -35 -1494 May 10  22:40:29  34963 -43211   P    1.4688  0.1342  61.6N 132.4W   0             
01254 -34 -1476 May 21  05:39:55  34583 -42988   P    1.3975  0.2665  62.1N 112.1E   0             
01294 -33 -1458 Jun 01  12:36:59  34206 -42765   P    1.3249  0.4003  62.7N   2.9W   0             
01335 -32 -1440 Jun 11  19:34:14  33830 -42542   P    1.2530  0.5316  63.5N 118.1W   0             
01376 -31 -1422 Jun 23  02:32:27  33456 -42319   P    1.1828  0.6588  64.4N 126.1E   0             
01417 -30 -1404 Jul 03  09:33:53  33085 -42096   P    1.1160  0.7784  65.3N   9.3E   0             
01458 -29 -1386 Jul 14  16:37:21  32716 -41873   P    1.0515  0.8922  66.3N 108.4W   0             
01500 -28 -1368 Jul 24  23:47:15  32348 -41650   An   0.9934  0.9744  72.3N 130.2E   5   -   01m24s
01542 -27 -1350 Aug 05  07:01:49  31983 -41427   A    0.9399  0.9722  83.8N  51.1W  19  300  01m44s

01584 -26 -1332 Aug 15  14:24:39  31620 -41204   A    0.8938  0.9677  77.6N 143.6E  26  262  02m12s
01627 -25 -1314 Aug 26  21:53:09  31259 -40981   A    0.8532  0.9627  69.9N  17.0E  31  260  02m46s
01671 -24 -1296 Sep 06  05:31:22  30900 -40758   A    0.8213  0.9575  62.8N 105.0W  34  271  03m23s
01715 -23 -1278 Sep 17  13:15:57  30543 -40535   A    0.7954  0.9523  56.3N 133.1E  37  286  04m04s
01759 -22 -1260 Sep 27  21:08:24  30188 -40312   A    0.7766  0.9474  50.4N  10.0E  39  304  04m48s
01805 -21 -1242 Oct 09  05:06:41  29835 -40089   A    0.7632  0.9428  45.1N 114.3W  40  324  05m33s
01850 -20 -1224 Oct 19  13:11:44  29485 -39866   A    0.7557  0.9386  40.5N 120.1E  41  344  06m19s
01895 -19 -1206 Oct 30  21:20:03  29136 -39643   A    0.7517  0.9350  36.5N   6.3W  41  363  07m04s
01940 -18 -1188 Nov 10  05:31:05  28790 -39420   A    0.7504  0.9320  33.1N 133.3W  41  382  07m47s
01986 -17 -1170 Nov 21  13:42:38  28445 -39197   A    0.7502  0.9296  30.3N  99.6E  41  397  08m26s

02033 -16 -1152 Dec 01  21:54:20  28103 -38974   A    0.7504  0.9280  28.0N  27.5W  41  409  08m57s
02079 -15 -1134 Dec 13  06:01:40  27762 -38751   A    0.7477  0.9270  26.0N 153.4W  41  414  09m19s
02124 -14 -1116 Dec 23  14:05:12  27424 -38528   A    0.7423  0.9267  24.4N  81.6E  42  412  09m30s
02168 -13 -1097 Jan 03  22:01:28  27088 -38305   A    0.7314  0.9271  23.1N  41.4W  43  401  09m29s
02211 -12 -1079 Jan 14  05:51:35  26754 -38082   A    0.7159  0.9280  22.0N 162.6W  44  384  09m17s
02254 -11 -1061 Jan 25  13:30:53  26422 -37859   A    0.6917  0.9295  20.9N  79.3E  46  361  08m56s
02297 -10 -1043 Feb 04  21:02:29  26092 -37636   A    0.6615  0.9313  20.2N  36.5W  48  336  08m28s
02341 -09 -1025 Feb 16  04:22:31  25764 -37413   A    0.6221  0.9335  19.7N 148.9W  51  310  07m57s
02383 -08 -1007 Feb 26  11:33:23  25438 -37190   A    0.5754  0.9359  19.4N 101.4E  55  285  07m26s
02425 -07 -0989 Mar 09  18:32:53  25114 -36967   A    0.5194  0.9383  19.4N   4.8W  59  263  06m57s

02466 -06 -0971 Mar 20  01:24:23  24792 -36744   A    0.4570  0.9408  19.6N 108.6W  63  243  06m32s
02507 -05 -0953 Mar 31  08:06:38  24473 -36521   A    0.3868  0.9430  19.9N 150.4E  67  226  06m12s
02548 -04 -0935 Apr 10  14:40:46  24155 -36298   A    0.3100  0.9451  20.1N  51.9E  72  211  05m58s
02588 -03 -0917 Apr 21  21:08:47  23840 -36075   A    0.2285  0.9468  20.1N  44.8W  77  200  05m50s
02628 -02 -0899 May 02  03:31:49  23526 -35852   A    0.1429  0.9482  19.7N 140.0W  82  192  05m49s
02668 -01 -0881 May 13  09:51:29  23215 -35629   A    0.0545  0.9492  18.6N 125.6E  87  187  05m54s
02709  00 -0863 May 23  16:08:30  22906 -35406   Am  -0.0362  0.9498  16.8N  31.8E  88  184  06m05s
02749  01 -0845 Jun 03  22:26:25  22599 -35183   A   -0.1262  0.9498  14.2N  62.5W  83  186  06m22s
02789  02 -0827 Jun 14  04:45:39  22293 -34960   A   -0.2148  0.9494  10.7N 157.6W  78  190  06m42s
02830  03 -0809 Jun 25  11:08:06  21990 -34737   A   -0.3008  0.9486   6.4N 105.8E  73  198  07m04s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 43

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

02871  04 -0791 Jul 05  17:35:32  21689 -34514   A   -0.3830  0.9474   1.3N   7.3E  67  209  07m23s
02912  05 -0773 Jul 17  00:10:02  21390 -34291   A   -0.4595  0.9459   4.4S  93.7W  63  224  07m36s
02954  06 -0755 Jul 27  06:52:13  21094 -34068   A   -0.5298  0.9441  10.5S 162.6E  58  243  07m42s
02996  07 -0737 Aug 07  13:42:29  20799 -33845   A   -0.5939  0.9421  17.0S  56.4E  53  265  07m40s
03040  08 -0719 Aug 17  20:43:10  20506 -33622   A   -0.6496  0.9400  23.7S  53.1W  49  291  07m31s
03084  09 -0701 Aug 29  03:53:51  20216 -33399   A   -0.6975  0.9379  30.3S 165.6W  46  319  07m18s
03129  10 -0683 Sep 08  11:15:17  19927 -33176   A   -0.7371  0.9361  36.9S  78.9E  42  348  07m02s
03174  11 -0665 Sep 19  18:46:45  19641 -32953   A   -0.7690  0.9344  43.2S  39.3W  39  378  06m44s
03219  12 -0647 Sep 30  02:28:46  19356 -32730   A   -0.7927  0.9332  49.2S 160.1W  37  405  06m26s
03264  13 -0629 Oct 11  10:19:51  19074 -32507   A   -0.8096  0.9323  54.8S  77.1E  36  428  06m08s

03310  14 -0611 Oct 21  18:18:09  18794 -32284   A   -0.8210  0.9322  60.1S  46.9W  34  443  05m50s
03357  15 -0593 Nov 02  02:24:04  18515 -32061   A   -0.8268  0.9325  65.1S 171.4W  34  449  05m32s
03405  16 -0575 Nov 12  10:34:31  18239 -31838   A   -0.8298  0.9336  69.8S  65.1E  34  446  05m15s
03452  17 -0557 Nov 23  18:49:07  17965 -31615   A   -0.8297  0.9354  74.0S  55.6W  34  434  04m57s
03497  18 -0539 Dec 04  03:03:45  17693 -31392   A   -0.8304  0.9378  77.6S 170.2W  34  419  04m39s
03542  19 -0521 Dec 15  11:19:54  17423 -31169   A   -0.8304  0.9409  79.7S  84.1E  34  397  04m20s
03587  20 -0503 Dec 25  19:33:10  17156 -30946   A   -0.8340  0.9446  79.6S  16.0W  33  374  03m59s
03632  21 -0484 Jan 06  03:43:31  16841 -30723   A   -0.8405  0.9488  77.3S 121.4W  32  350  03m38s
03675  22 -0466 Jan 16  11:47:55  16529 -30500   A   -0.8528  0.9533  74.1S 127.4E  31  328  03m16s
03719  23 -0448 Jan 27  19:47:31  16226 -30277   A   -0.8698  0.9583  70.6S  12.6E  29  308  02m53s

03763  24 -0430 Feb 07  03:39:58  15931 -30054   A   -0.8937  0.9633  67.4S 102.0W  26  296  02m30s
03805  25 -0412 Feb 18  11:25:21  15644 -29831   A   -0.9242  0.9683  64.7S 145.4E  22  299  02m07s
03847  26 -0394 Feb 28  19:03:05  15364 -29608   A   -0.9619  0.9727  63.0S  37.8E  15  362  01m46s
03889  27 -0376 Mar 11  02:34:06  15092 -29385   P   -1.0057  0.9726  60.8S  52.2W   0             
03930  28 -0358 Mar 22  09:57:33  14825 -29162   P   -1.0565  0.8844  60.7S 172.8W   0             
03969  29 -0340 Apr 01  17:15:28  14565 -28939   P   -1.1126  0.7853  60.8S  67.9E   0             
04009  30 -0322 Apr 13  00:27:44  14311 -28716   P   -1.1739  0.6756  61.0S  50.0W   0             
04050  31 -0304 Apr 23  07:37:10  14063 -28493   P   -1.2383  0.5588  61.3S 167.2W   0             
04091  32 -0286 May 04  14:41:45  13820 -28270   P   -1.3071  0.4326  61.8S  76.7E   0             
04131  33 -0268 May 14  21:46:32  13582 -28047   P   -1.3763  0.3045  62.4S  39.6W   0             

04171  34 -0250 May 26  04:49:31  13349 -27824   P   -1.4474  0.1720  63.2S 155.6W   0             
04212  35 -0232 Jun 05  11:55:23  13121 -27601   Pe  -1.5169  0.0413  64.0S  87.4E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26