The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 45 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -1436 Mar 30. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0156 May 07. The total duration of Saros series 45 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -1436 Mar 30 06:41:36 TD Last Eclipse = -0156 May 07 07:31:45 TD Duration of Saros 45 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 45 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 45 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 20.8% |
| Annular | A | 18 | 25.0% |
| Total | T | 36 | 50.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 3 | 4.2% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 45 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 45 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 57 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 55 | 96.5% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 45: 7P 36T 3H 18A 8P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 45 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 45 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | -0354 Jan 09 | 04m34s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | -0607 Aug 10 | 00m39s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | -1184 Aug 28 | 04m16s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | -0679 Jun 28 | 02m16s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | -0661 Jul 09 | 01m38s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | -0625 Jul 31 | 00m07s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | -1328 Jun 03 | - | 0.89901 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | -1436 Mar 30 | - | 0.05690 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 45. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 45.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
01344 -37 -1436 Mar 30 06:41:36 33751 -42495 Pb 1.5035 0.0569 60.7N 135.2E 0
01385 -36 -1418 Apr 10 14:11:01 33378 -42272 P 1.4371 0.1817 60.7N 12.5E 0
01426 -35 -1400 Apr 20 21:34:37 33007 -42049 P 1.3652 0.3183 60.9N 108.7W 0
01467 -34 -1382 May 02 04:57:24 32638 -41826 P 1.2920 0.4585 61.2N 130.2E 0
01509 -33 -1364 May 12 12:17:35 32271 -41603 P 1.2162 0.6046 61.6N 9.7E 0
01551 -32 -1346 May 23 19:38:06 31907 -41380 P 1.1401 0.7519 62.2N 111.0W 0
01594 -31 -1328 Jun 03 02:59:25 31544 -41157 P 1.0642 0.8990 62.9N 127.9E 0
01637 -30 -1310 Jun 14 10:23:54 31183 -40934 Tn 0.9907 1.0593 69.1N 15.3E 7 - 02m48s
01680 -29 -1292 Jun 24 17:51:46 30825 -40711 T 0.9192 1.0642 80.8N 53.7W 23 544 03m22s
01725 -28 -1274 Jul 06 01:24:05 30468 -40488 T 0.8514 1.0658 81.2N 106.7W 31 415 03m41s
01769 -27 -1256 Jul 16 09:02:38 30114 -40265 T 0.7885 1.0660 75.7N 166.8E 38 353 03m55s
01815 -26 -1238 Jul 27 16:48:02 29761 -40042 T 0.7314 1.0651 69.2N 59.6E 43 314 04m04s
01860 -25 -1220 Aug 07 00:40:29 29411 -39819 T 0.6800 1.0636 62.4N 55.7W 47 285 04m11s
01904 -24 -1202 Aug 18 08:41:01 29063 -39596 T 0.6354 1.0613 55.8N 175.8W 50 261 04m15s
01949 -23 -1184 Aug 28 16:50:05 28717 -39373 T 0.5979 1.0587 49.3N 60.5E 53 241 04m16s
01995 -22 -1166 Sep 09 01:07:30 28373 -39150 T 0.5678 1.0558 43.1N 66.0W 55 223 04m13s
02041 -21 -1148 Sep 19 09:31:35 28031 -38927 T 0.5435 1.0528 37.1N 165.3E 57 207 04m10s
02087 -20 -1130 Sep 30 18:04:06 27691 -38704 T 0.5265 1.0498 31.5N 34.3E 58 193 04m05s
02133 -19 -1112 Oct 11 02:42:45 27353 -38481 T 0.5147 1.0469 26.4N 98.3W 59 181 03m59s
02177 -18 -1094 Oct 22 11:27:40 27017 -38258 T 0.5085 1.0444 21.8N 127.5E 59 171 03m54s
02220 -17 -1076 Nov 01 20:15:33 26684 -38035 T 0.5050 1.0421 17.7N 7.3W 60 162 03m50s
02263 -16 -1058 Nov 13 05:07:35 26352 -37812 T 0.5052 1.0404 14.3N 143.1W 60 156 03m47s
02306 -15 -1040 Nov 23 14:00:18 26022 -37589 T 0.5062 1.0390 11.4N 81.0E 60 151 03m45s
02350 -14 -1022 Dec 04 22:52:43 25695 -37366 T 0.5071 1.0382 9.2N 54.8W 59 149 03m44s
02392 -13 -1004 Dec 15 07:42:49 25369 -37143 T 0.5063 1.0378 7.5N 170.1E 60 147 03m45s
02433 -12 -0986 Dec 26 16:29:37 25046 -36920 T 0.5028 1.0380 6.4N 35.9E 60 147 03m46s
02474 -11 -0967 Jan 06 01:10:53 24725 -36697 T 0.4952 1.0385 5.8N 96.8W 60 148 03m47s
02515 -10 -0949 Jan 17 09:45:26 24406 -36474 T 0.4822 1.0393 5.6N 132.3E 61 150 03m49s
02556 -09 -0931 Jan 27 18:12:47 24089 -36251 T 0.4636 1.0404 5.9N 3.2E 62 152 03m50s
02596 -08 -0913 Feb 08 02:31:54 23773 -36028 T 0.4384 1.0416 6.5N 123.5W 64 154 03m51s
02636 -07 -0895 Feb 18 10:41:15 23461 -35805 T 0.4055 1.0428 7.3N 112.3E 66 155 03m51s
02677 -06 -0877 Mar 01 18:41:51 23150 -35582 T 0.3660 1.0439 8.4N 9.4W 68 156 03m52s
02718 -05 -0859 Mar 12 02:33:05 22841 -35359 T 0.3192 1.0447 9.6N 128.5W 71 156 03m52s
02758 -04 -0841 Mar 23 10:16:26 22534 -35136 T 0.2662 1.0452 10.9N 114.7E 74 155 03m52s
02798 -03 -0823 Apr 02 17:49:55 22229 -34913 T 0.2058 1.0451 12.0N 0.7E 78 153 03m51s
02839 -02 -0805 Apr 14 01:17:25 21927 -34690 T 0.1409 1.0445 13.0N 111.7W 82 150 03m50s
02880 -01 -0787 Apr 24 08:36:58 21626 -34467 Tm 0.0704 1.0432 13.5N 138.3E 86 145 03m47s
02921 00 -0769 May 05 15:52:09 21328 -34244 T -0.0033 1.0413 13.5N 29.4E 90 138 03m44s
02962 01 -0751 May 15 23:01:44 21031 -34021 T -0.0809 1.0386 12.6N 78.0W 85 130 03m37s
03004 02 -0733 May 27 06:09:39 20737 -33798 T -0.1591 1.0352 11.0N 174.9E 81 120 03m26s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
03048 03 -0715 Jun 06 13:15:20 20445 -33575 T -0.2380 1.0310 8.5N 68.0E 76 108 03m10s
03093 04 -0697 Jun 17 20:20:39 20155 -33352 T -0.3164 1.0261 5.1N 39.3W 72 93 02m47s
03138 05 -0679 Jun 28 03:27:14 19866 -33129 T -0.3926 1.0206 0.8N 147.5W 67 76 02m16s
03183 06 -0661 Jul 09 10:36:00 19580 -32906 H3 -0.4659 1.0146 4.3S 103.1E 62 56 01m38s
03228 07 -0643 Jul 19 17:48:48 19297 -32683 H -0.5348 1.0080 9.9S 7.9W 58 33 00m54s
03274 08 -0625 Jul 31 01:05:12 19015 -32460 H -0.5995 1.0011 16.1S 120.5W 53 5 00m07s
03320 09 -0607 Aug 10 08:28:22 18735 -32237 A -0.6572 0.9940 22.6S 124.5E 49 28 00m39s
03367 10 -0589 Aug 21 15:57:08 18457 -32014 A -0.7092 0.9868 29.4S 7.6E 45 66 01m22s
03415 11 -0571 Aug 31 23:33:40 18181 -31791 A -0.7536 0.9796 36.1S 111.8W 41 109 02m01s
03461 12 -0553 Sep 12 07:16:43 17908 -31568 A -0.7916 0.9726 42.8S 126.6E 37 159 02m33s
03506 13 -0535 Sep 22 15:08:15 17636 -31345 A -0.8218 0.9659 49.3S 2.6E 34 214 03m01s
03551 14 -0517 Oct 03 23:05:52 17367 -31122 A -0.8458 0.9597 55.4S 123.3W 32 273 03m23s
03596 15 -0499 Oct 14 07:09:56 17094 -30899 A -0.8637 0.9540 61.2S 109.1E 30 333 03m40s
03641 16 -0481 Oct 25 15:19:12 16774 -30676 A -0.8766 0.9489 66.7S 19.9W 28 391 03m54s
03685 17 -0463 Nov 04 23:33:41 16465 -30453 A -0.8847 0.9445 71.8S 149.3W 27 442 04m06s
03729 18 -0445 Nov 16 07:50:05 16163 -30230 A -0.8905 0.9409 76.8S 82.0E 27 487 04m15s
03773 19 -0427 Nov 26 16:07:50 15870 -30007 A -0.8945 0.9379 81.6S 43.6W 26 524 04m22s
03815 20 -0409 Dec 08 00:24:23 15585 -29784 A -0.8989 0.9357 86.2S 156.3W 26 557 04m27s
03857 21 -0391 Dec 18 08:39:37 15306 -29561 A -0.9039 0.9339 87.5S 170.1E 25 587 04m31s
03899 22 -0373 Dec 29 16:48:43 15035 -29338 A -0.9133 0.9327 83.4S 81.2E 24 629 04m33s
03938 23 -0354 Jan 09 00:53:20 14770 -29115 A -0.9257 0.9319 78.9S 35.4W 22 686 04m34s
03977 24 -0336 Jan 20 08:48:59 14511 -28892 A -0.9449 0.9312 74.4S 151.1W 19 804 04m33s
04018 25 -0318 Jan 30 16:37:39 14258 -28669 A -0.9688 0.9305 69.9S 96.1E 14 1092 04m31s
04059 26 -0300 Feb 11 00:14:24 14011 -28446 A- -1.0021 0.9559 61.8S 1.0E 0
04100 27 -0282 Feb 21 07:43:16 13769 -28223 P -1.0409 0.8905 61.3S 121.0W 0
04140 28 -0264 Mar 03 14:59:58 13532 -28000 P -1.0891 0.8090 60.9S 120.1E 0
04180 29 -0246 Mar 14 22:07:25 13300 -27777 P -1.1439 0.7160 60.7S 3.6E 0
04221 30 -0228 Mar 25 05:03:37 13073 -27554 P -1.2070 0.6086 60.6S 110.1W 0
04261 31 -0210 Apr 05 11:52:15 12851 -27331 P -1.2754 0.4918 60.7S 138.2E 0
04302 32 -0192 Apr 15 18:32:04 12632 -27108 P -1.3502 0.3636 61.0S 28.6E 0
04344 33 -0174 Apr 27 01:04:42 12418 -26885 P -1.4299 0.2270 61.4S 79.3W 0
04388 34 -0156 May 07 07:31:45 12208 -26662 Pe -1.5131 0.0844 62.0S 174.2E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
