Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 57

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 57

Solar eclipses of Saros 57 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -1161 Jun 17. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0137 Aug 04. The total duration of Saros series 57 is 1298.17 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -1161 Jun 17   00:39:38 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   0137 Aug 04   17:19:28 TD

                      Duration of Saros  57  =  1298.17 Years

Saros 57 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 57
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 73100.0%
PartialP 21 28.8%
AnnularA 6 8.2%
TotalT 33 45.2%
Hybrid[3]H 13 17.8%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 57 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 57
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 52100.0%
Central (two limits) 49 94.2%
Central (one limit) 2 3.8%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 1.9%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 57: 14P 33T 13H 6A 7P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 57 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 57
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 0011 May 2101m36s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse -0079 Mar 2800m06s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse -0530 Jun 3006m25s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse -0891 Nov 2600m59s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -0314 Nov 0701m30s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse -0097 Mar 1700m00s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse -0927 Nov 04 - 0.99905
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse -1161 Jun 17 - 0.02777

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 57

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 57. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 57.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 57

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

02009 -36 -1161 Jun 17  00:39:38  28282 -39091   Pb   1.5268  0.0278  64.0N 136.6E   0             
02055 -35 -1143 Jun 27  07:47:13  27941 -38868   P    1.4501  0.1683  65.0N  18.5E   0             
02101 -34 -1125 Jul 08  15:01:08  27601 -38645   P    1.3775  0.3018  65.9N 101.6W   0             
02146 -33 -1107 Jul 18  22:22:57  27264 -38422   P    1.3106  0.4253  66.9N 136.0E   0             
02189 -32 -1089 Jul 30  05:53:04  26929 -38199   P    1.2493  0.5386  68.0N  10.9E   0             
02232 -31 -1071 Aug 09  13:31:44  26596 -37976   P    1.1943  0.6404  69.0N 116.8W   0             
02275 -30 -1053 Aug 20  21:20:11  26265 -37753   P    1.1466  0.7286  69.9N 112.5E   0             
02318 -29 -1035 Aug 31  05:18:35  25936 -37530   P    1.1064  0.8027  70.7N  21.4W   0             
02361 -28 -1017 Sep 11  13:25:49  25609 -37307   P    1.0730  0.8645  71.3N 158.1W   0             
02403 -27 -0999 Sep 21  21:43:04  25284 -37084   P    1.0470  0.9123  71.7N  62.3E   0             

02444 -26 -0981 Oct 03  06:08:45  24961 -36861   P    1.0273  0.9486  71.8N  79.7W   0             
02485 -25 -0963 Oct 13  14:42:55  24640 -36638   P    1.0144  0.9726  71.7N 136.2E   0             
02526 -24 -0945 Oct 24  23:21:52  24322 -36415   P    1.0049  0.9903  71.3N   8.9W   0             
02567 -23 -0927 Nov 04  08:07:19  24005 -36192   P    1.0005  0.9990  70.6N 155.2W   0             
02607 -22 -0909 Nov 15  16:55:23  23691 -35969   T+   0.9976  1.0050  69.8N  58.5E   0             
02646 -21 -0891 Nov 26  01:45:53  23378 -35746   Tn   0.9966  1.0144  67.2N  89.5W   2   -   00m59s
02687 -20 -0873 Dec 07  10:35:08  23068 -35523   Tn   0.9943  1.0174  63.5N 125.3E   4   -   01m13s
02728 -19 -0855 Dec 17  19:23:47  22760 -35300   T    0.9913  1.0208  60.5N  17.2W   6  641  01m30s
02768 -18 -0837 Dec 29  04:08:34  22453 -35077   T    0.9848  1.0249  56.8N 157.0W   9  530  01m50s
02809 -17 -0818 Jan 08  12:48:46  22149 -34854   T    0.9745  1.0296  53.0N  66.0E  12  464  02m13s

02850 -16 -0800 Jan 19  21:23:02  21847 -34631   T    0.9588  1.0346  49.4N  68.2W  16  417  02m37s
02891 -15 -0782 Jan 30  05:50:56  21547 -34408   T    0.9378  1.0400  46.2N 160.3E  20  386  03m01s
02932 -14 -0764 Feb 10  14:10:56  21249 -34185   T    0.9100  1.0456  43.5N  31.8E  24  362  03m25s
02974 -13 -0746 Feb 20  22:23:27  20953 -33962   T    0.8758  1.0511  41.4N  93.9W  29  344  03m47s
03016 -12 -0728 Mar 03  06:28:10  20659 -33739   T    0.8348  1.0566  39.9N 143.1E  33  331  04m07s
03060 -11 -0710 Mar 14  14:25:57  20368 -33516   T    0.7877  1.0617  39.1N  22.4E  38  321  04m26s
03104 -10 -0692 Mar 24  22:15:10  20078 -33293   T    0.7332  1.0664  38.8N  95.3W  43  313  04m42s
03149 -09 -0674 Apr 05  05:58:48  19791 -33070   T    0.6740  1.0706  39.0N 148.9E  47  306  04m58s
03194 -08 -0656 Apr 15  13:35:56  19505 -32847   T    0.6092  1.0741  39.3N  35.4E  52  299  05m12s
03239 -07 -0638 Apr 26  21:09:26  19222 -32624   T    0.5412  1.0768  39.7N  76.6W  57  293  05m26s

03285 -06 -0620 May 07  04:37:21  18940 -32401   T    0.4686  1.0787  39.7N 173.3E  62  286  05m40s
03332 -05 -0602 May 18  12:04:25  18661 -32178   T    0.3953  1.0797  39.3N  63.8E  67  279  05m52s
03379 -04 -0584 May 28  19:28:50  18384 -31955   T    0.3201  1.0798  38.2N  45.0W  71  271  06m04s
03427 -03 -0566 Jun 09  02:53:49  18109 -31732   T    0.2456  1.0790  36.2N 154.2W  76  263  06m15s
03473 -02 -0548 Jun 19  10:18:38  17836 -31509   T    0.1712  1.0772  33.3N  96.2E  80  254  06m22s
03518 -01 -0530 Jun 30  17:46:57  17565 -31286   T    0.1000  1.0748  29.6N  15.0W  84  244  06m25s
03563  00 -0512 Jul 11  01:18:21  17296 -31063   Tm   0.0320  1.0714  25.2N 127.7W  88  232  06m21s
03608  01 -0494 Jul 22  08:53:54  17008 -30840   T   -0.0322  1.0674  20.2N 117.6E  88  220  06m11s
03652  02 -0476 Aug 01  16:35:33  16692 -30617   T   -0.0907  1.0627  14.7N   0.6E  85  207  05m53s
03696  03 -0458 Aug 13  00:23:29  16384 -30394   T   -0.1434  1.0577   9.0N 118.5W  82  192  05m29s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 57

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

03739  04 -0440 Aug 23  08:18:57  16085 -30171   T   -0.1895  1.0523   3.1N 120.2E  79  176  04m59s
03783  05 -0422 Sep 03  16:20:38  15794 -29948   T   -0.2298  1.0468   3.0S   3.0W  77  160  04m26s
03825  06 -0404 Sep 14  00:30:59  15510 -29725   T   -0.2623  1.0412   8.9S 128.3W  75  142  03m52s
03867  07 -0386 Sep 25  08:48:00  15234 -29502   T   -0.2886  1.0357  14.7S 104.7E  73  125  03m19s
03909  08 -0368 Oct 05  17:12:24  14964 -29279   T   -0.3083  1.0304  20.3S  23.7W  72  108  02m48s
03948  09 -0350 Oct 17  01:42:35  14701 -29056   T   -0.3226  1.0254  25.6S 153.1W  71   91  02m19s
03988  10 -0332 Oct 27  10:19:14  14444 -28833   T   -0.3312  1.0209  30.4S  76.5E  70   75  01m53s
04029  11 -0314 Nov 07  18:59:06  14192 -28610   H3  -0.3363  1.0168  34.7S  53.9W  70   61  01m30s
04070  12 -0296 Nov 18  03:41:28  13946 -28387   H   -0.3389  1.0133  38.3S 176.0E  70   49  01m11s
04110  13 -0278 Nov 29  12:24:41  13706 -28164   H   -0.3401  1.0103  41.1S  46.6E  70   38  00m55s

04150  14 -0260 Dec 09  21:08:14  13470 -27941   H   -0.3409  1.0079  43.0S  82.2W  70   29  00m42s
04191  15 -0242 Dec 21  05:48:07  13240 -27718   H   -0.3441  1.0060  44.0S 150.5E  70   22  00m32s
04232  16 -0224 Dec 31  14:24:47  13014 -27495   H   -0.3495  1.0046  43.9S  24.1E  69   17  00m24s
04273  17 -0205 Jan 11  22:55:00  12792 -27272   H   -0.3598  1.0036  43.0S 100.8W  69   13  00m19s
04314  18 -0187 Jan 22  07:19:53  12575 -27049   H   -0.3741  1.0028  41.4S 135.2E  68   11  00m15s
04357  19 -0169 Feb 02  15:34:27  12362 -26826   H   -0.3964  1.0023  39.4S  13.2E  66    9  00m12s
04401  20 -0151 Feb 12  23:42:12  12153 -26603   H   -0.4239  1.0019  37.1S 107.6W  65    7  00m10s
04444  21 -0133 Feb 24  07:38:33  11948 -26380   H   -0.4601  1.0015  34.9S 134.0E  62    6  00m08s
04487  22 -0115 Mar 06  15:26:42  11746 -26157   H   -0.5024  1.0009  32.9S  17.3E  60    4  00m05s
04530  23 -0097 Mar 17  23:02:59  11548 -25934   H   -0.5539  1.0001  31.4S  96.6W  56    0  00m00s

04573  24 -0079 Mar 28  06:31:33  11353 -25711   A   -0.6108  0.9989  30.7S 151.3E  52    5  00m06s
04618  25 -0061 Apr 08  13:49:15  11161 -25488   A   -0.6756  0.9971  31.0S  41.9E  47   14  00m16s
04663  26 -0043 Apr 18  20:59:08  10972 -25265   A   -0.7460  0.9947  32.7S  65.6W  42   27  00m29s
04709  27 -0025 Apr 30  04:00:34  10785 -25042   A   -0.8220  0.9915  36.3S 170.7W  34   51  00m47s
04755  28 -0007 May 10  10:56:39  10601 -24819   A   -0.9012  0.9872  42.4S  86.1E  25  102  01m09s
04800  29  0011 May 21  17:47:07  10420 -24596   A   -0.9838  0.9804  55.4S  10.8W   9  411  01m36s
04846  30  0029 Jun 01  00:33:40  10240 -24373   P   -1.0684  0.8606  63.7S 111.2W   0             
04892  31  0047 Jun 12  07:18:22  10062 -24150   P   -1.1530  0.7087  64.6S 137.2E   0             
04936  32  0065 Jun 22  14:02:12   9886 -23927   P   -1.2369  0.5592  65.5S  25.5E   0             
04980  33  0083 Jul 03  20:46:30   9711 -23704   P   -1.3191  0.4139  66.5S  86.7W   0             

05025  34  0101 Jul 14  03:33:01   9538 -23481   P   -1.3982  0.2753  67.5S 160.1E   0             
05069  35  0119 Jul 25  10:23:34   9365 -23258   P   -1.4729  0.1459  68.5S  45.4E   0             
05113  36  0137 Aug 04  17:19:28   9193 -23035   Pe  -1.5418  0.0280  69.5S  71.2W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26