The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 57 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -1161 Jun 17. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0137 Aug 04. The total duration of Saros series 57 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -1161 Jun 17 00:39:38 TD
Last Eclipse = 0137 Aug 04 17:19:28 TD
Duration of Saros 57 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 57 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 57 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 21 | 28.8% |
| Annular | A | 6 | 8.2% |
| Total | T | 33 | 45.2% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 13 | 17.8% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 57 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 57 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 52 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 49 | 94.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 2 | 3.8% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 57: 14P 33T 13H 6A 7P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 57 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: -0530 Jun 30 Duration = 06m25s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: -0891 Nov 26 Duration = 00m59s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0011 May 21 Duration = 01m36s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: -0079 Mar 28 Duration = 00m06s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: -0314 Nov 07 Duration = 01m30s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: -0097 Mar 17 Duration = 00m00s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: -0927 Nov 04 Magnitude = 0.9990
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: -1161 Jun 17 Magnitude = 0.0278
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 57 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 057 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -36 -1161 Jun 17 00:39:38 27394 -39091 Pb 1.5268 0.0278 64.0N 132.9E 0 28
02 -35 -1143 Jun 27 07:47:13 27063 -38868 P 1.4501 0.1683 65.0N 14.8E 0 19
03 -34 -1125 Jul 08 15:01:08 26734 -38645 P 1.3775 0.3018 65.9N 105.2W 0 9
04 -33 -1107 Jul 18 22:22:57 26408 -38422 P 1.3106 0.4253 66.9N 132.4E 0 358
05 -32 -1089 Jul 30 05:53:04 26083 -38199 P 1.2493 0.5386 68.0N 7.4E 0 348
06 -31 -1071 Aug 09 13:31:44 25760 -37976 P 1.1943 0.6404 69.0N 120.3W 0 336
07 -30 -1053 Aug 20 21:20:11 25440 -37753 P 1.1466 0.7286 69.9N 109.0E 0 324
08 -29 -1035 Aug 31 05:18:35 25121 -37530 P 1.1064 0.8027 70.7N 24.8W 0 311
09 -28 -1017 Sep 11 13:25:49 24804 -37307 P 1.0730 0.8645 71.3N 161.4W 0 298
10 -27 -0999 Sep 21 21:43:04 24490 -37084 P 1.0470 0.9123 71.7N 59.0E 0 284
11 -26 -0981 Oct 03 06:08:45 24177 -36861 P 1.0273 0.9486 71.8N 83.0W 0 270
12 -25 -0963 Oct 13 14:42:55 23866 -36638 P 1.0144 0.9726 71.7N 132.9E 0 256
13 -24 -0945 Oct 24 23:21:52 23558 -36415 P 1.0049 0.9903 71.3N 12.1W 0 242
14 -23 -0927 Nov 04 08:07:19 23251 -36192 P 1.0005 0.9990 70.6N 158.3W 0 228
15 -22 -0909 Nov 15 16:55:23 22946 -35969 T+ 0.9976 1.0050 69.8N 55.4E 0 215 - -
16 -21 -0891 Nov 26 01:45:53 22644 -35746 Tn 0.9966 1.0144 67.2N 92.6W 2 200 - 00m59s
17 -20 -0873 Dec 07 10:35:08 22343 -35523 Tn 0.9943 1.0174 63.5N 122.3E 4 189 - 01m13s
18 -19 -0855 Dec 17 19:23:47 22044 -35300 T 0.9913 1.0208 60.5N 20.2W 6 179 641 01m30s
19 -18 -0837 Dec 29 04:08:34 21748 -35077 T 0.9848 1.0249 56.8N 159.9W 9 171 530 01m50s
20 -17 -0818 Jan 08 12:48:46 21453 -34854 T 0.9745 1.0296 53.0N 63.0E 12 164 464 02m13s
21 -16 -0800 Jan 19 21:23:02 21161 -34631 T 0.9588 1.0346 49.4N 71.1W 16 159 417 02m37s
22 -15 -0782 Jan 30 05:50:56 20870 -34408 T 0.9378 1.0400 46.2N 157.5E 20 154 386 03m01s
23 -14 -0764 Feb 10 14:10:56 20581 -34185 T 0.9100 1.0456 43.5N 29.1E 24 150 362 03m25s
24 -13 -0746 Feb 20 22:23:27 20295 -33962 T 0.8758 1.0511 41.4N 96.7W 29 146 344 03m47s
25 -12 -0728 Mar 03 06:28:10 20010 -33739 T 0.8348 1.0566 39.9N 140.3E 33 144 331 04m07s
26 -11 -0710 Mar 14 14:25:57 19728 -33516 T 0.7877 1.0617 39.1N 19.7E 38 142 321 04m26s
27 -10 -0692 Mar 24 22:15:10 19435 -33293 T 0.7332 1.0664 38.8N 98.0W 43 141 313 04m42s
28 -09 -0674 Apr 05 05:58:48 19130 -33070 T 0.6740 1.0706 39.0N 146.1E 47 141 306 04m58s
29 -08 -0656 Apr 15 13:35:56 18831 -32847 T 0.6092 1.0741 39.3N 32.6E 52 143 299 05m12s
30 -07 -0638 Apr 26 21:09:26 18537 -32624 T 0.5412 1.0768 39.7N 79.5W 57 145 293 05m26s
31 -06 -0620 May 07 04:37:21 18247 -32401 T 0.4686 1.0787 39.7N 170.4E 62 149 286 05m40s
32 -05 -0602 May 18 12:04:25 17961 -32178 T 0.3953 1.0797 39.3N 60.8E 67 153 279 05m52s
33 -04 -0584 May 28 19:28:50 17680 -31955 T 0.3201 1.0798 38.2N 48.0W 71 158 271 06m04s
34 -03 -0566 Jun 09 02:53:49 17403 -31732 T 0.2456 1.0790 36.2N 157.1W 76 164 263 06m15s
35 -02 -0548 Jun 19 10:18:38 17131 -31509 T 0.1712 1.0772 33.3N 93.3E 80 169 254 06m22s
36 -01 -0530 Jun 30 17:46:57 16863 -31286 T 0.1000 1.0748 29.6N 17.9W 84 175 244 06m25s
37 00 -0512 Jul 11 01:18:21 16599 -31063 Tm 0.0320 1.0714 25.2N 130.6W 88 179 232 06m21s
38 01 -0494 Jul 22 08:53:54 16339 -30840 T -0.0322 1.0674 20.2N 114.8E 88 4 220 06m11s
39 02 -0476 Aug 01 16:35:33 16083 -30617 T -0.0907 1.0627 14.7N 1.9W 85 8 207 05m53s
40 03 -0458 Aug 13 00:23:29 15831 -30394 T -0.1434 1.0577 9.0N 120.8W 82 11 192 05m29s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 04 -0440 Aug 23 08:18:57 15582 -30171 T -0.1895 1.0523 3.1N 118.1E 79 14 176 04m59s
42 05 -0422 Sep 03 16:20:38 15337 -29948 T -0.2298 1.0468 3.0S 4.9W 77 16 160 04m26s
43 06 -0404 Sep 14 00:30:59 15096 -29725 T -0.2623 1.0412 8.9S 130.1W 75 17 142 03m52s
44 07 -0386 Sep 25 08:48:00 14858 -29502 T -0.2886 1.0357 14.7S 103.2E 73 19 125 03m19s
45 08 -0368 Oct 05 17:12:24 14624 -29279 T -0.3083 1.0304 20.3S 25.1W 72 19 108 02m48s
46 09 -0350 Oct 17 01:42:35 14393 -29056 T -0.3226 1.0254 25.6S 154.4W 71 18 91 02m19s
47 10 -0332 Oct 27 10:19:14 14165 -28833 T -0.3312 1.0209 30.4S 75.3E 70 17 75 01m53s
48 11 -0314 Nov 07 18:59:06 13941 -28610 H3 -0.3363 1.0168 34.7S 54.9W 70 15 61 01m30s
49 12 -0296 Nov 18 03:41:28 13719 -28387 H -0.3389 1.0133 38.3S 175.0E 70 11 49 01m11s
50 13 -0278 Nov 29 12:24:41 13501 -28164 H -0.3401 1.0103 41.1S 45.7E 70 7 38 00m55s
51 14 -0260 Dec 09 21:08:14 13285 -27941 H -0.3409 1.0079 43.0S 82.9W 70 1 29 00m42s
52 15 -0242 Dec 21 05:48:07 13072 -27718 H -0.3441 1.0060 44.0S 149.8E 70 355 22 00m32s
53 16 -0224 Dec 31 14:24:47 12862 -27495 H -0.3495 1.0046 43.9S 23.5E 69 349 17 00m24s
54 17 -0205 Jan 11 22:55:00 12654 -27272 H -0.3598 1.0036 43.0S 101.4W 69 343 13 00m19s
55 18 -0187 Jan 22 07:19:53 12449 -27049 H -0.3741 1.0028 41.4S 134.6E 68 338 11 00m15s
56 19 -0169 Feb 02 15:34:27 12247 -26826 H -0.3964 1.0023 39.4S 12.7E 66 333 9 00m12s
57 20 -0151 Feb 12 23:42:12 12046 -26603 H -0.4239 1.0019 37.1S 108.1W 65 330 7 00m10s
58 21 -0133 Feb 24 07:38:33 11849 -26380 H -0.4601 1.0015 34.9S 133.6E 62 327 6 00m08s
59 22 -0115 Mar 06 15:26:42 11653 -26157 H -0.5024 1.0009 32.9S 16.9E 60 326 4 00m05s
60 23 -0097 Mar 17 23:02:59 11459 -25934 H -0.5539 1.0001 31.4S 97.0W 56 325 0 00m00s
61 24 -0079 Mar 28 06:31:33 11268 -25711 A -0.6108 0.9989 30.7S 150.9E 52 325 5 00m06s
62 25 -0061 Apr 08 13:49:15 11078 -25488 A -0.6756 0.9971 31.0S 41.5E 47 326 14 00m16s
63 26 -0043 Apr 18 20:59:08 10890 -25265 A -0.7460 0.9947 32.7S 65.9W 42 328 27 00m29s
64 27 -0025 Apr 30 04:00:34 10704 -25042 A -0.8220 0.9915 36.3S 171.1W 34 329 51 00m47s
65 28 -0007 May 10 10:56:39 10519 -24819 A -0.9012 0.9872 42.4S 85.7E 25 330 102 01m09s
66 29 0011 May 21 17:47:07 10337 -24596 A -0.9838 0.9804 55.4S 11.1W 9 327 411 01m36s
67 30 0029 Jun 01 00:33:40 10155 -24373 P -1.0684 0.8606 63.7S 111.6W 0 327
68 31 0047 Jun 12 07:18:22 9975 -24150 P -1.1530 0.7087 64.6S 136.8E 0 336
69 32 0065 Jun 22 14:02:12 9797 -23927 P -1.2369 0.5592 65.5S 25.1E 0 346
70 33 0083 Jul 03 20:46:30 9619 -23704 P -1.3191 0.4139 66.5S 87.1W 0 356
71 34 0101 Jul 14 03:33:01 9443 -23481 P -1.3982 0.2753 67.5S 159.7E 0 6
72 35 0119 Jul 25 10:23:34 9268 -23258 P -1.4729 0.1459 68.5S 45.0E 0 17
73 36 0137 Aug 04 17:19:28 9093 -23035 Pe -1.5418 0.0280 69.5S 71.6W 0 29
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
