The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 64 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0832 Apr 11. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0430 May 08. The total duration of Saros series 64 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0832 Apr 11 18:10:34 TD
Last Eclipse = 0430 May 08 11:47:21 TD
Duration of Saros 64 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 64 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 64 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 19 | 26.8% |
| Annular | A | 46 | 64.8% |
| Total | T | 4 | 5.6% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.8% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 64 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 64 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 52 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 45 | 86.5% |
| Central (one limit) | 4 | 7.7% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 3 | 5.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 64: 8P 4T 2H 46A 11P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 64 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: -0688 Jul 07 Duration = 01m53s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: -0634 Aug 09 Duration = 01m05s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0159 Nov 27 Duration = 08m34s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: -0580 Sep 10 Duration = 00m30s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: -0616 Aug 19 Duration = 00m34s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: -0598 Aug 30 Duration = 00m02s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: -0706 Jun 26 Magnitude = 0.9519
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: -0832 Apr 11 Magnitude = 0.0557
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 64 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 064 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -36 -0832 Apr 11 18:10:34 21678 -35024 Pb -1.5028 0.0557 71.4S 72.6E 0 286
02 -35 -0814 Apr 23 01:38:07 21383 -34801 P -1.4421 0.1718 71.0S 54.2W 0 300
03 -34 -0796 May 03 08:58:49 21091 -34578 P -1.3762 0.2978 70.5S 178.8W 0 312
04 -33 -0778 May 14 16:17:05 20801 -34355 P -1.3088 0.4264 69.7S 57.7E 0 324
05 -32 -0760 May 24 23:31:16 20513 -34132 P -1.2383 0.5604 68.9S 64.3W 0 336
06 -31 -0742 Jun 05 06:45:52 20227 -33909 P -1.1686 0.6919 68.0S 174.2E 0 347
07 -30 -0724 Jun 15 13:57:48 19943 -33686 P -1.0974 0.8255 67.0S 53.9E 0 358
08 -29 -0706 Jun 26 21:13:03 19661 -33463 P -1.0292 0.9519 66.0S 66.8W 0 8
09 -28 -0688 Jul 07 04:29:06 19362 -33240 T -0.9621 1.0234 50.3S 179.8W 15 12 299 01m53s
10 -27 -0670 Jul 18 11:49:55 19059 -33017 T -0.8996 1.0208 40.2S 66.8E 26 16 162 01m50s
11 -26 -0652 Jul 28 19:14:08 18761 -32794 T -0.8405 1.0166 34.1S 47.2W 33 19 104 01m31s
12 -25 -0634 Aug 09 02:45:29 18467 -32571 T -0.7880 1.0117 30.5S 162.7W 38 23 64 01m05s
13 -24 -0616 Aug 19 10:22:40 18178 -32348 H -0.7411 1.0062 28.6S 80.7E 42 26 31 00m34s
14 -23 -0598 Aug 30 18:06:26 17894 -32125 H -0.7003 1.0005 28.2S 37.5W 45 30 2 00m02s
15 -22 -0580 Sep 10 01:57:23 17614 -31902 A -0.6663 0.9945 29.0S 157.3W 48 32 25 00m30s
16 -21 -0562 Sep 21 09:55:50 17338 -31679 A -0.6395 0.9887 31.0S 81.0E 50 34 51 01m00s
17 -20 -0544 Oct 01 18:01:19 17067 -31456 A -0.6190 0.9830 33.8S 42.4W 52 36 75 01m29s
18 -19 -0526 Oct 13 02:12:29 16800 -31233 A -0.6041 0.9777 37.3S 167.0W 53 37 98 01m56s
19 -18 -0508 Oct 23 10:29:43 16537 -31010 A -0.5949 0.9727 41.2S 67.2E 53 37 120 02m20s
20 -17 -0490 Nov 03 18:51:11 16278 -30787 A -0.5900 0.9682 45.4S 59.0W 54 36 140 02m42s
21 -16 -0472 Nov 14 03:15:19 16023 -30564 A -0.5880 0.9643 49.5S 174.9E 54 34 158 03m01s
22 -15 -0454 Nov 25 11:40:41 15771 -30341 A -0.5878 0.9611 53.4S 49.9E 54 30 174 03m18s
23 -14 -0436 Dec 05 20:05:47 15524 -30118 A -0.5881 0.9584 56.6S 73.5W 54 25 187 03m32s
24 -13 -0418 Dec 17 04:28:25 15280 -29895 A -0.5871 0.9564 58.8S 165.4E 54 17 197 03m43s
25 -12 -0400 Dec 27 12:46:23 15039 -29672 A -0.5829 0.9549 59.4S 46.8E 54 9 203 03m54s
26 -11 -0381 Jan 07 20:59:04 14802 -29449 A -0.5753 0.9541 58.5S 70.6W 55 0 205 04m03s
27 -10 -0363 Jan 18 05:04:49 14569 -29226 A -0.5631 0.9538 55.9S 172.6E 55 353 205 04m11s
28 -09 -0345 Jan 29 13:01:02 14339 -29003 A -0.5436 0.9540 51.9S 56.2E 57 347 201 04m18s
29 -08 -0327 Feb 08 20:48:05 14112 -28780 A -0.5174 0.9544 46.8S 59.8W 59 343 195 04m27s
30 -07 -0309 Feb 20 04:24:40 13888 -28557 A -0.4834 0.9551 40.7S 174.7W 61 341 186 04m34s
31 -06 -0291 Mar 02 11:51:44 13667 -28334 A -0.4425 0.9559 34.0S 71.5E 64 340 178 04m42s
32 -05 -0273 Mar 13 19:06:33 13449 -28111 A -0.3923 0.9569 26.7S 40.0W 67 340 170 04m50s
33 -04 -0255 Mar 24 02:12:47 13234 -27888 A -0.3357 0.9576 19.1S 149.7W 70 341 163 04m58s
34 -03 -0237 Apr 04 09:08:11 13022 -27665 A -0.2706 0.9582 11.2S 103.0E 74 342 157 05m05s
35 -02 -0219 Apr 14 15:55:53 12812 -27442 A -0.1999 0.9585 3.1S 2.3W 78 343 154 05m11s
36 -01 -0201 Apr 25 22:34:26 12605 -27219 Am -0.1221 0.9586 5.1N 105.2W 83 345 152 05m16s
37 00 -0183 May 06 05:08:22 12401 -26996 A -0.0411 0.9581 13.1N 153.6E 88 347 152 05m20s
38 01 -0165 May 17 11:36:29 12199 -26773 A 0.0443 0.9573 21.0N 54.4E 87 171 156 05m21s
39 02 -0147 May 27 18:01:25 11999 -26550 A 0.1319 0.9560 28.5N 43.1W 82 174 162 05m21s
40 03 -0129 Jun 08 00:24:36 11802 -26327 A 0.2205 0.9542 35.5N 139.1W 77 178 172 05m19s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 04 -0111 Jun 18 06:48:07 11607 -26104 A 0.3085 0.9519 41.7N 126.3E 72 183 185 05m17s
42 05 -0093 Jun 29 13:13:16 11413 -25881 A 0.3945 0.9493 46.9N 32.8E 67 189 203 05m17s
43 06 -0075 Jul 09 19:40:40 11222 -25658 A 0.4782 0.9461 51.0N 59.5W 61 197 226 05m18s
44 07 -0057 Jul 21 02:13:29 11033 -25435 A 0.5572 0.9427 53.7N 151.9W 56 205 254 05m23s
45 08 -0039 Jul 31 08:52:03 10846 -25212 A 0.6312 0.9390 55.1N 114.8E 51 214 290 05m31s
46 09 -0021 Aug 11 15:37:32 10660 -24989 A 0.6990 0.9351 55.3N 19.4E 45 221 334 05m42s
47 10 -0003 Aug 21 22:31:23 10476 -24766 A 0.7597 0.9311 54.7N 79.1W 40 227 390 05m57s
48 11 0015 Sep 02 05:34:31 10293 -24543 A 0.8127 0.9272 53.8N 178.7E 35 230 460 06m15s
49 12 0033 Sep 12 12:47:30 10112 -24320 A 0.8576 0.9233 52.8N 72.5E 31 232 549 06m36s
50 13 0051 Sep 23 20:08:25 9933 -24097 A 0.8962 0.9197 52.2N 36.7W 26 233 667 06m58s
51 14 0069 Oct 04 03:39:59 9754 -23874 A 0.9260 0.9164 51.9N 150.0W 22 232 820 07m21s
52 15 0087 Oct 15 11:19:28 9577 -23651 A 0.9493 0.9136 52.2N 93.7E 18 229 1029 07m44s
53 16 0105 Oct 25 19:07:56 9401 -23428 A 0.9657 0.9114 53.0N 26.1W 14 226 1299 08m04s
54 17 0123 Nov 06 03:01:20 9226 -23205 An 0.9783 0.9098 54.4N 148.0W 11 221 - 08m20s
55 18 0141 Nov 16 11:01:39 9052 -22982 An 0.9854 0.9089 55.9N 86.8E 9 216 - 08m31s
56 19 0159 Nov 27 19:04:23 8879 -22759 An 0.9908 0.9087 58.0N 39.8W 7 209 - 08m34s
57 20 0177 Dec 08 03:09:25 8707 -22536 An 0.9944 0.9093 60.5N 167.9W 4 202 - 08m28s
58 21 0195 Dec 19 11:13:25 8535 -22313 A+ 0.9991 0.9519 65.4N 64.4E 0 195 - -
59 22 0213 Dec 29 19:16:25 8364 -22090 A+ 1.0047 0.9436 66.5N 67.5W 0 185 - -
60 23 0232 Jan 10 03:14:59 8193 -21867 A+ 1.0141 0.9292 67.6N 161.3E 0 174 - -
61 24 0250 Jan 20 11:08:46 8023 -21644 P 1.0277 0.9080 68.7N 30.7E 0 162
62 25 0268 Jan 31 18:56:05 7853 -21421 P 1.0468 0.8775 69.7N 98.9W 0 150
63 26 0286 Feb 11 02:37:17 7684 -21198 P 1.0709 0.8382 70.5N 132.4E 0 137
64 27 0304 Feb 22 10:09:17 7514 -20975 P 1.1031 0.7851 71.2N 5.4E 0 124
65 28 0322 Mar 04 17:34:33 7345 -20752 P 1.1412 0.7212 71.7N 120.4W 0 110
66 29 0340 Mar 15 00:51:25 7175 -20529 P 1.1866 0.6442 71.9N 115.7E 0 96
67 30 0358 Mar 26 08:02:37 7006 -20306 P 1.2370 0.5574 71.9N 6.9W 0 83
68 31 0376 Apr 05 15:05:04 6836 -20083 P 1.2949 0.4567 71.6N 127.2W 0 69
69 32 0394 Apr 16 22:03:59 6666 -19860 P 1.3563 0.3488 71.1N 113.8E 0 56
70 33 0412 Apr 27 04:56:34 6496 -19637 P 1.4234 0.2296 70.4N 3.1W 0 43
71 34 0430 May 08 11:47:21 6325 -19414 Pe 1.4922 0.1063 69.6N 118.9W 0 31
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
