Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 74

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 74

Solar eclipses of Saros 74 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0615 Aug 08. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0719 Oct 18. The total duration of Saros series 74 is 1334.23 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -0615 Aug 08   17:45:17 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   0719 Oct 18   00:50:25 TD

                      Duration of Saros  74  =  1334.23 Years

Saros 74 is composed of 75 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 74
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 75100.0%
PartialP 34 45.3%
AnnularA 30 40.0%
TotalT 8 10.7%
Hybrid[3]H 3 4.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 74 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 74
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 41100.0%
Central (two limits) 41100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 75 eclipses in Saros 74: 22P 30A 3H 8T 12P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 74 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 74
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse -0146 May 1606m22s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 0305 Feb 1000m37s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 0449 May 0802m35s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 0377 Mar 2501m41s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0359 Mar 1501m13s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0323 Feb 2200m03s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 0521 Jun 20 - 0.96705
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 0719 Oct 18 - 0.00711

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 74

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 74. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 74.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 74

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

03300 -34 -0615 Aug 08  17:45:17  18859 -32336   Pb  -1.5409  0.0314  62.5S  57.0W   0             
03347 -33 -0597 Aug 20  00:54:04  18580 -32113   P   -1.4909  0.1203  61.9S 174.5W   0             
03394 -32 -0579 Aug 30  08:09:58  18303 -31890   P   -1.4471  0.1975  61.4S  66.5E   0             
03441 -31 -0561 Sep 10  15:34:01  18029 -31667   P   -1.4101  0.2622  61.0S  54.5W   0             
03486 -30 -0543 Sep 20  23:06:09  17757 -31444   P   -1.3799  0.3148  60.7S 177.3W   0             
03531 -29 -0525 Oct 02  06:46:28  17486 -31221   P   -1.3564  0.3552  60.7S  57.8E   0             
03576 -28 -0507 Oct 12  14:32:48  17218 -30998   P   -1.3381  0.3867  60.8S  68.5W   0             
03621 -27 -0489 Oct 23  22:26:39  16915 -30775   P   -1.3260  0.4072  61.1S 163.1E   0             
03665 -26 -0471 Nov 03  06:24:52  16601 -30552   P   -1.3180  0.4208  61.5S  33.5E   0             
03709 -25 -0453 Nov 14  14:27:24  16296 -30329   P   -1.3134  0.4287  62.1S  97.3W   0             

03752 -24 -0435 Nov 24  22:30:25  15999 -30106   P   -1.3093  0.4356  62.9S 131.5E   0             
03795 -23 -0417 Dec 06  06:34:48  15710 -29883   P   -1.3066  0.4401  63.8S   0.1W   0             
03837 -22 -0399 Dec 16  14:36:52  15429 -29660   P   -1.3022  0.4472  64.7S 131.5W   0             
03879 -21 -0381 Dec 27  22:35:31  15155 -29437   P   -1.2954  0.4584  65.8S  97.6E   0             
03920 -20 -0362 Jan 07  06:28:31  14887 -29214   P   -1.2844  0.4766  66.9S  32.3W   0             
03959 -19 -0344 Jan 18  14:15:11  14625 -28991   P   -1.2682  0.5035  68.0S 161.1W   0             
03999 -18 -0326 Jan 28  21:53:54  14370 -28768   P   -1.2458  0.5408  69.0S  71.5E   0             
04040 -17 -0308 Feb 09  05:23:28  14120 -28545   P   -1.2161  0.5904  69.9S  54.2W   0             
04082 -16 -0290 Feb 19  12:44:05  13876 -28322   P   -1.1792  0.6525  70.8S 178.3W   0             
04122 -15 -0272 Mar 01  19:55:28  13637 -28099   P   -1.1349  0.7275  71.4S  59.4E   0             

04162 -14 -0254 Mar 13  02:56:47  13403 -27876   P   -1.0821  0.8173  71.8S  60.8W   0             
04203 -13 -0236 Mar 23  09:49:30  13173 -27653   P   -1.0219  0.9204  72.0S 179.0W   0             
04244 -12 -0218 Apr 03  16:34:07  12949 -27430   A   -0.9546  0.9326  63.1S  26.3E  17  858  05m40s
04285 -11 -0200 Apr 13  23:12:36  12729 -27207   A   -0.8818  0.9382  50.9S  91.4W  28  483  06m00s
04326 -10 -0182 Apr 25  05:43:43  12513 -26984   A   -0.8023  0.9429  39.9S 161.0E  36  350  06m13s
04369 -09 -0164 May 05  12:12:03  12301 -26761   A   -0.7198  0.9469  29.9S  57.2E  44  279  06m20s
04412 -08 -0146 May 16  18:36:34  12093 -26538   A   -0.6331  0.9504  20.6S  44.1W  51  234  06m22s
04455 -07 -0128 May 27  01:01:11  11889 -26315   A   -0.5459  0.9534  12.3S 144.3W  57  203  06m16s
04498 -06 -0110 Jun 07  07:24:32  11688 -26092   A   -0.4568  0.9557   4.7S 116.8E  63  181  06m05s
04541 -05 -0092 Jun 17  13:51:37  11491 -25869   A   -0.3699  0.9576   1.8N  18.0E  68  166  05m48s

04586 -04 -0074 Jun 28  20:21:24  11297 -25646   A   -0.2842  0.9589   7.3N  80.8W  74  156  05m29s
04631 -03 -0056 Jul 09  02:56:21  11105 -25423   A   -0.2021  0.9599  11.7N 179.9E  78  149  05m09s
04676 -02 -0038 Jul 20  09:37:47  10917 -25200   A   -0.1246  0.9603  14.8N  79.6E  83  145  04m52s
04722 -01 -0020 Jul 30  16:27:14  10731 -24977   A   -0.0529  0.9604  16.6N  22.4W  87  144  04m38s
04768  00 -0002 Aug 10  23:26:07  10548 -24754   A    0.0118  0.9602  17.3N 126.5W  89  144  04m28s
04813  01  0016 Aug 21  06:33:33  10367 -24531   A    0.0703  0.9598  16.9N 127.1E  86  146  04m22s
04859  02  0034 Sep 01  13:52:18  10188 -24308   A    0.1203  0.9593  15.5N  17.6E  83  149  04m20s
04904  03  0052 Sep 11  21:20:36  10011 -24085   Am   0.1634  0.9588  13.4N  94.6W  81  151  04m20s
04948  04  0070 Sep 23  05:00:07   9835 -23862   A    0.1978  0.9584  10.8N 150.0E  79  154  04m22s
04992  05  0088 Oct 03  12:48:46   9661 -23639   A    0.2256  0.9582   7.8N  32.0E  77  155  04m25s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 74

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

05037  06  0106 Oct 14  20:48:09   9487 -23416   A    0.2454  0.9583   4.7N  88.9W  76  156  04m29s
05082  07  0124 Oct 25  04:55:04   9315 -23193   A    0.2599  0.9588   1.6N 148.3E  75  154  04m31s
05126  08  0142 Nov 05  13:09:35   9143 -22970   A    0.2688  0.9598   1.3S  23.5E  74  151  04m31s
05169  09  0160 Nov 15  21:29:22   8972 -22747   A    0.2741  0.9614   3.9S 102.5W  74  145  04m27s
05210  10  0178 Nov 27  05:53:56   8801 -22524   A    0.2758  0.9635   5.9S 130.5E  74  137  04m18s
05251  11  0196 Dec 07  14:19:38   8630 -22301   A    0.2776  0.9662   7.2S   3.3E  74  127  04m02s
05292  12  0214 Dec 18  22:46:04   8459 -22078   A    0.2794  0.9696   7.6S 124.0W  74  114  03m41s
05333  13  0232 Dec 29  07:10:36   8287 -21855   A    0.2833  0.9736   7.0S 109.1E  74   99  03m12s
05374  14  0251 Jan 09  15:33:30   8116 -21632   A    0.2892  0.9781   5.5S  17.4W  73   82  02m38s
05415  15  0269 Jan 19  23:50:15   7943 -21409   A    0.3008  0.9831   2.9S 142.8W  73   63  01m59s

05455  16  0287 Jan 31  08:03:05   7770 -21186   A    0.3163  0.9886   0.7N  92.6E  72   42  01m18s
05495  17  0305 Feb 10  16:07:59   7596 -20963   A    0.3393  0.9944   5.2N  30.6W  70   21  00m37s
05534  18  0323 Feb 22  00:07:59   7422 -20740   H    0.3671  1.0004  10.5N 152.9W  68    2  00m03s
05574  19  0341 Mar 04  07:58:43   7246 -20517   H    0.4033  1.0065  16.6N  86.7E  66   25  00m40s
05614  20  0359 Mar 15  15:44:41   7070 -20294   H    0.4444  1.0126  23.2N  32.8W  63   48  01m13s
05655  21  0377 Mar 25  23:22:23   6893 -20071   T    0.4932  1.0184  30.4N 150.6W  60   72  01m41s
05696  22  0395 Apr 06  06:55:08   6715 -19848   T    0.5470  1.0240  38.1N  92.8E  57   97  02m04s
05737  23  0413 Apr 16  14:20:56   6537 -19625   T    0.6075  1.0291  46.3N  22.2W  52  124  02m20s
05778  24  0431 Apr 27  21:43:54   6358 -19402   T    0.6712  1.0337  54.7N 136.4W  48  153  02m31s
05818  25  0449 May 08  05:02:39   6180 -19179   T    0.7391  1.0374  63.7N 110.5E  42  187  02m35s

05860  26  0467 May 19  12:19:15   6002 -18956   T    0.8094  1.0403  73.1N   2.2W  36  231  02m33s
05903  27  0485 May 29  19:34:46   5825 -18733   T    0.8814  1.0420  83.4N 118.0W  28  301  02m26s
05947  28  0503 Jun 10  02:51:04   5649 -18510   T    0.9535  1.0420  83.7N  27.9W  17  483  02m12s
05991  29  0521 Jun 20  10:08:44   5472 -18287   P    1.0248  0.9670  65.8N 143.0W   0             
06035  30  0539 Jul 01  17:28:39   5296 -18064   P    1.0948  0.8345  64.9N  96.2E   0             
06082  31  0557 Jul 12  00:53:11   5121 -17841   P    1.1616  0.7075  64.0N  25.4W   0             
06128  32  0575 Jul 23  08:23:00   4948 -17618   P    1.2247  0.5871  63.2N 148.1W   0             
06174  33  0593 Aug 02  15:58:20   4776 -17395   P    1.2839  0.4743  62.5N  88.2E   0             
06219  34  0611 Aug 13  23:41:16   4606 -17172   P    1.3374  0.3723  61.9N  37.3W   0             
06264  35  0629 Aug 24  07:31:59   4437 -16949   P    1.3849  0.2818  61.5N 164.6W   0             

06309  36  0647 Sep 04  15:31:41   4269 -16726   P    1.4260  0.2039  61.2N  65.9E   0             
06356  37  0665 Sep 14  23:38:28   4103 -16503   P    1.4618  0.1363  61.0N  65.2W   0             
06401  38  0683 Sep 26  07:54:43   3939 -16280   P    1.4907  0.0822  61.0N 161.3E   0             
06445  39  0701 Oct 06  16:18:38   3777 -16057   P    1.5138  0.0391  61.2N  25.9E   0             
06488  40  0719 Oct 18  00:50:25   3617 -15834   Pe   1.5311  0.0071  61.5N 111.5W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26