The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 75 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -0604 Jul 07. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0694 Aug 26. The total duration of Saros series 75 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0604 Jul 07 17:02:10 TD
Last Eclipse = 0694 Aug 26 12:15:04 TD
Duration of Saros 75 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 75 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 75 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 29 | 39.7% |
| Annular | A | 0 | 0.0% |
| Total | T | 44 | 60.3% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 75 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 75 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 44 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 44 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 75: 21P 44T 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 75 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 0027 Jul 22 Duration = 06m31s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: -0225 Feb 20 Duration = 01m06s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0568 Jun 11 Magnitude = 0.9867
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: -0604 Jul 07 Magnitude = 0.0066
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 75 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 075 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -36 -0604 Jul 07 17:02:10 17990 -32201 Pb 1.5494 0.0066 66.4N 175.6W 0 5
02 -35 -0586 Jul 18 23:59:19 17709 -31978 P 1.4763 0.1354 67.4N 68.2E 0 355
03 -34 -0568 Jul 29 07:03:55 17432 -31755 P 1.4081 0.2559 68.4N 50.3W 0 344
04 -33 -0550 Aug 09 14:17:48 17159 -31532 P 1.3463 0.3651 69.4N 171.8W 0 332
05 -32 -0532 Aug 19 21:41:26 16890 -31309 P 1.2913 0.4624 70.2N 63.7E 0 320
06 -31 -0514 Aug 31 05:16:01 16626 -31086 P 1.2443 0.5456 71.0N 64.1W 0 307
07 -30 -0496 Sep 10 13:00:50 16366 -30863 P 1.2046 0.6161 71.5N 165.0E 0 294
08 -29 -0478 Sep 21 20:55:38 16109 -30640 P 1.1720 0.6736 71.8N 31.1E 0 280
09 -28 -0460 Oct 02 05:00:36 15856 -30417 P 1.1470 0.7180 71.9N 105.4W 0 265
10 -27 -0442 Oct 13 13:14:46 15608 -30194 P 1.1285 0.7510 71.6N 115.8E 0 251
11 -26 -0424 Oct 23 21:36:01 15362 -29971 P 1.1150 0.7752 71.2N 24.5W 0 237
12 -25 -0406 Nov 04 06:04:15 15121 -29748 P 1.1064 0.7909 70.5N 165.9W 0 224
13 -24 -0388 Nov 14 14:37:03 14883 -29525 P 1.1007 0.8017 69.6N 52.1E 0 211
14 -23 -0370 Nov 25 23:13:25 14648 -29302 P 1.0974 0.8084 68.6N 90.0W 0 198
15 -22 -0352 Dec 06 07:49:53 14417 -29079 P 1.0934 0.8165 67.5N 128.4E 0 187
16 -21 -0334 Dec 17 16:27:19 14189 -28856 P 1.0896 0.8246 66.4N 12.8W 0 175
17 -20 -0316 Dec 28 01:02:05 13964 -28633 P 1.0827 0.8386 65.4N 152.7W 0 165
18 -19 -0297 Jan 08 09:33:14 13742 -28410 P 1.0724 0.8588 64.3N 68.6E 0 154
19 -18 -0279 Jan 18 17:58:54 13523 -28187 P 1.0570 0.8888 63.4N 68.3W 0 144
20 -17 -0261 Jan 30 02:19:05 13307 -27964 P 1.0365 0.9286 62.6N 156.5E 0 135
21 -16 -0243 Feb 09 10:32:49 13094 -27741 P 1.0098 0.9803 61.9N 23.1E 0 126
22 -15 -0225 Feb 20 18:38:42 12883 -27518 T 0.9760 1.0159 54.7N 89.5W 12 132 255 01m06s
23 -14 -0207 Mar 03 02:37:59 12676 -27295 T 0.9359 1.0242 50.5N 153.7E 20 134 230 01m42s
24 -13 -0189 Mar 14 10:29:38 12470 -27072 T 0.8889 1.0320 48.3N 37.2E 27 134 231 02m15s
25 -12 -0171 Mar 24 18:14:50 12267 -26849 T 0.8357 1.0394 47.2N 77.6W 33 134 235 02m45s
26 -11 -0153 Apr 05 01:53:17 12067 -26626 T 0.7761 1.0463 46.8N 169.6E 39 135 240 03m13s
27 -10 -0135 Apr 15 09:27:08 11869 -26403 T 0.7119 1.0526 46.8N 58.5E 44 138 244 03m39s
28 -09 -0117 Apr 26 16:56:27 11673 -26180 T 0.6433 1.0583 47.0N 50.9W 50 141 248 04m04s
29 -08 -0099 May 07 00:22:02 11479 -25957 T 0.5708 1.0633 46.9N 158.7W 55 146 251 04m28s
30 -07 -0081 May 18 07:45:45 11287 -25734 T 0.4964 1.0674 46.2N 94.2E 60 152 253 04m52s
31 -06 -0063 May 28 15:08:22 11097 -25511 T 0.4207 1.0707 44.8N 12.5W 65 158 253 05m15s
32 -05 -0045 Jun 08 22:31:40 10909 -25288 T 0.3449 1.0731 42.5N 119.8W 70 164 253 05m37s
33 -04 -0027 Jun 19 05:55:09 10723 -25065 T 0.2690 1.0746 39.2N 132.1E 74 170 251 05m57s
34 -03 -0009 Jun 30 13:22:34 10538 -24842 T 0.1963 1.0753 35.1N 22.0E 78 176 249 06m14s
35 -02 0009 Jul 10 20:53:09 10355 -24619 T 0.1261 1.0750 30.2N 89.8W 83 181 245 06m25s
36 -01 0027 Jul 22 04:29:07 10174 -24396 T 0.0603 1.0741 24.8N 156.1E 86 185 241 06m31s
37 00 0045 Aug 01 12:10:30 9994 -24173 Tm -0.0011 1.0724 18.9N 39.8E 90 169 235 06m30s
38 01 0063 Aug 12 19:59:34 9815 -23950 T -0.0563 1.0702 12.8N 79.0W 87 12 229 06m22s
39 02 0081 Aug 23 03:55:59 9637 -23727 T -0.1052 1.0675 6.6N 160.0E 84 15 221 06m08s
40 03 0099 Sep 03 11:59:15 9461 -23504 T -0.1483 1.0645 0.3N 36.9E 81 16 213 05m50s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 04 0117 Sep 13 20:11:32 9286 -23281 T -0.1840 1.0612 5.9S 88.4W 79 18 204 05m29s
42 05 0135 Sep 25 04:31:21 9111 -23058 T -0.2133 1.0578 11.9S 144.4E 78 18 195 05m08s
43 06 0153 Oct 05 12:59:47 8938 -22835 T -0.2355 1.0545 17.6S 15.4E 76 18 185 04m47s
44 07 0171 Oct 16 21:33:43 8765 -22612 T -0.2529 1.0514 22.9S 114.5W 75 17 176 04m27s
45 08 0189 Oct 27 06:15:28 8593 -22389 T -0.2636 1.0485 27.7S 114.3E 75 16 167 04m10s
46 09 0207 Nov 07 15:01:09 8422 -22166 T -0.2711 1.0460 31.9S 17.3W 74 13 159 03m55s
47 10 0225 Nov 17 23:51:08 8251 -21943 T -0.2749 1.0440 35.4S 149.0W 74 9 153 03m43s
48 11 0243 Nov 29 08:42:30 8081 -21720 T -0.2774 1.0424 37.9S 79.6E 74 5 148 03m33s
49 12 0261 Dec 09 17:35:29 7911 -21497 T -0.2785 1.0413 39.5S 51.5W 74 359 144 03m26s
50 13 0279 Dec 21 02:26:27 7741 -21274 T -0.2811 1.0406 40.1S 178.2E 73 354 142 03m21s
51 14 0297 Dec 31 11:15:04 7572 -21051 T -0.2855 1.0404 39.7S 48.5E 73 348 141 03m19s
52 15 0316 Jan 11 19:59:24 7402 -20828 T -0.2935 1.0406 38.5S 80.4W 73 342 142 03m18s
53 16 0334 Jan 22 04:39:12 7233 -20605 T -0.3052 1.0410 36.5S 151.3E 72 338 144 03m19s
54 17 0352 Feb 02 13:10:52 7064 -20382 T -0.3236 1.0417 34.2S 24.6E 71 334 147 03m21s
55 18 0370 Feb 12 21:36:02 6894 -20159 T -0.3470 1.0425 31.6S 101.0W 70 331 151 03m23s
56 19 0388 Feb 24 05:52:00 6724 -19936 T -0.3781 1.0432 29.0S 135.3E 68 329 155 03m27s
57 20 0406 Mar 06 14:00:59 6554 -19713 T -0.4147 1.0438 26.6S 13.1E 65 328 159 03m31s
58 21 0424 Mar 16 21:58:57 6383 -19490 T -0.4601 1.0441 24.8S 106.6W 62 328 164 03m34s
59 22 0442 Mar 28 05:50:14 6212 -19267 T -0.5107 1.0440 23.5S 135.2E 59 328 169 03m37s
60 23 0460 Apr 07 13:31:13 6041 -19044 T -0.5691 1.0434 23.2S 19.6E 55 330 173 03m38s
61 24 0478 Apr 18 21:06:05 5868 -18821 T -0.6320 1.0421 23.9S 94.7W 51 332 178 03m36s
62 25 0496 Apr 29 04:31:53 5695 -18598 T -0.7019 1.0400 26.0S 153.2E 45 334 185 03m29s
63 26 0514 May 10 11:53:33 5521 -18375 T -0.7744 1.0371 29.6S 41.9E 39 337 194 03m16s
64 27 0532 May 20 19:08:48 5346 -18152 T -0.8510 1.0330 35.4S 68.1W 31 340 210 02m53s
65 28 0550 Jun 01 02:21:04 5170 -17929 T -0.9293 1.0276 44.5S 177.2W 21 342 254 02m18s
66 29 0568 Jun 11 09:30:04 4991 -17706 P -1.0092 0.9867 65.0S 79.6E 0 340
67 30 0586 Jun 22 16:38:32 4811 -17483 P -1.0883 0.8380 66.0S 38.4W 0 350
68 31 0604 Jul 02 23:46:58 4640 -17260 P -1.1665 0.6918 67.0S 156.8W 0 360
69 32 0622 Jul 14 06:56:26 4497 -17037 P -1.2426 0.5507 68.0S 84.2E 0 10
70 33 0640 Jul 24 14:09:19 4353 -16814 P -1.3147 0.4185 69.0S 36.1W 0 22
71 34 0658 Aug 04 21:25:50 4192 -16591 P -1.3825 0.2955 69.9S 158.1W 0 33
72 35 0676 Aug 15 04:47:42 4013 -16368 P -1.4450 0.1836 70.7S 78.0E 0 46
73 36 0694 Aug 26 12:15:04 3833 -16145 Pe -1.5020 0.0832 71.3S 47.9W 0 59
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
