The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 82 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0293 Apr 22. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0969 May 19. The total duration of Saros series 82 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0293 Apr 22 21:31:56 TD
Last Eclipse = 0969 May 19 02:05:07 TD
Duration of Saros 82 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 82 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 82 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 16 | 22.5% |
| Annular | A | 39 | 54.9% |
| Total | T | 11 | 15.5% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 5 | 7.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 82 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 82 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 55 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 54 | 98.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 82: 8P 11T 5H 39A 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 82 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: -0131 Jul 28 Duration = 04m14s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 0031 Nov 03 Duration = 01m04s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0716 Dec 18 Duration = 10m35s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0140 Jan 07 Duration = 00m05s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 0049 Nov 14 Duration = 00m46s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 0121 Dec 27 Duration = 00m01s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: -0167 Jul 07 Magnitude = 0.9821
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: -0293 Apr 22 Magnitude = 0.0445
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 82 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 082 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -37 -0293 Apr 22 21:31:56 13690 -28357 Pb -1.5048 0.0445 70.9S 29.2W 0 304
02 -36 -0275 May 03 05:03:29 13471 -28134 P -1.4392 0.1713 70.3S 156.1W 0 317
03 -35 -0257 May 14 12:31:26 13256 -27911 P -1.3708 0.3041 69.5S 78.5E 0 329
04 -34 -0239 May 24 19:57:18 13044 -27688 P -1.3006 0.4408 68.6S 45.9W 0 340
05 -33 -0221 Jun 05 03:22:34 12834 -27465 P -1.2298 0.5784 67.7S 169.6W 0 351
06 -32 -0203 Jun 15 10:46:45 12627 -27242 P -1.1581 0.7173 66.7S 67.5E 0 2
07 -31 -0185 Jun 26 18:13:18 12422 -27019 P -1.0885 0.8517 65.7S 55.5W 0 12
08 -30 -0167 Jul 07 01:41:42 12220 -26796 P -1.0204 0.9821 64.8S 178.5W 0 22
09 -29 -0149 Jul 18 09:15:06 12020 -26573 T -0.9567 1.0553 49.1S 70.5E 16 20 635 04m06s
10 -28 -0131 Jul 28 16:51:40 11822 -26350 T -0.8959 1.0539 40.6S 44.7W 26 23 398 04m14s
11 -27 -0113 Aug 09 00:35:30 11627 -26127 T -0.8414 1.0510 36.0S 162.4W 32 26 308 04m05s
12 -26 -0095 Aug 19 08:24:57 11433 -25904 T -0.7919 1.0472 33.5S 78.5E 37 29 252 03m47s
13 -25 -0077 Aug 30 16:21:46 11242 -25681 T -0.7491 1.0429 32.7S 42.4W 41 32 211 03m25s
14 -24 -0059 Sep 10 00:25:09 11052 -25458 T -0.7123 1.0380 33.3S 164.8W 44 34 178 02m59s
15 -23 -0041 Sep 21 08:36:41 10865 -25235 T -0.6828 1.0331 35.0S 70.7E 47 36 150 02m34s
16 -22 -0023 Oct 01 16:55:10 10679 -25012 T -0.6597 1.0281 37.6S 55.4W 49 38 124 02m09s
17 -21 -0005 Oct 13 01:19:37 10495 -24789 T -0.6420 1.0233 40.9S 177.2E 50 38 102 01m46s
18 -20 0013 Oct 23 09:50:43 10312 -24566 T -0.6305 1.0186 44.7S 48.5E 51 38 81 01m23s
19 -19 0031 Nov 03 18:26:45 10131 -24343 T -0.6241 1.0143 48.8S 80.8W 51 37 62 01m04s
20 -18 0049 Nov 14 03:06:57 9951 -24120 H -0.6212 1.0104 52.8S 149.9E 51 34 46 00m46s
21 -17 0067 Nov 25 11:48:04 9773 -23897 H -0.6200 1.0071 56.5S 21.8E 51 30 31 00m31s
22 -16 0085 Dec 05 20:30:56 9595 -23674 H -0.6207 1.0042 59.5S 104.9W 51 24 19 00m19s
23 -15 0103 Dec 17 05:12:14 9419 -23451 H -0.6209 1.0019 61.5S 130.6E 51 16 9 00m09s
24 -14 0121 Dec 27 13:50:54 9244 -23228 H -0.6196 1.0002 62.0S 7.9E 51 6 1 00m01s
25 -13 0140 Jan 07 22:24:43 9070 -23005 A -0.6151 0.9989 60.9S 113.9W 52 357 5 00m05s
26 -12 0158 Jan 18 06:53:14 8897 -22782 A -0.6069 0.9981 58.2S 124.1E 52 350 8 00m09s
27 -11 0176 Jan 29 15:13:49 8724 -22559 A -0.5930 0.9978 54.1S 1.9E 53 344 10 00m11s
28 -10 0194 Feb 08 23:26:02 8553 -22336 A -0.5730 0.9977 49.0S 120.3W 55 341 10 00m12s
29 -09 0212 Feb 20 07:28:52 8381 -22113 A -0.5462 0.9978 43.2S 118.2E 57 339 9 00m11s
30 -08 0230 Mar 02 15:22:39 8211 -21890 A -0.5130 0.9980 36.8S 2.2W 59 339 8 00m11s
31 -07 0248 Mar 12 23:05:01 8040 -21667 A -0.4710 0.9982 29.9S 120.5W 62 340 7 00m10s
32 -06 0266 Mar 24 06:38:31 7871 -21444 A -0.4226 0.9982 22.7S 123.0E 65 341 7 00m11s
33 -05 0284 Apr 03 14:01:36 7701 -21221 A -0.3662 0.9980 15.2S 8.9E 68 342 7 00m13s
34 -04 0302 Apr 14 21:16:59 7532 -20998 A -0.3045 0.9974 7.6S 103.2W 72 344 9 00m17s
35 -03 0320 Apr 25 04:21:58 7362 -20775 A -0.2349 0.9965 0.0N 147.5E 76 346 13 00m24s
36 -02 0338 May 06 11:22:03 7193 -20552 Am -0.1621 0.9949 7.4N 39.9E 81 349 18 00m35s
37 -01 0356 May 16 18:14:27 7023 -20329 A -0.0835 0.9929 14.7N 65.3W 85 352 25 00m49s
38 00 0374 May 28 01:04:03 6854 -20106 A -0.0035 0.9903 21.4N 169.0W 90 347 34 01m06s
39 01 0392 Jun 07 07:48:24 6684 -19883 A 0.0801 0.9872 27.7N 89.6E 85 180 45 01m26s
40 02 0410 Jun 18 14:33:19 6514 -19660 A 0.1623 0.9835 33.1N 11.0W 80 185 59 01m47s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 03 0428 Jun 28 21:16:15 6343 -19437 A 0.2453 0.9792 37.6N 109.9W 76 190 76 02m10s
42 04 0446 Jul 10 04:00:55 6172 -19214 A 0.3260 0.9745 41.1N 151.7E 71 196 97 02m32s
43 05 0464 Jul 20 10:47:29 6000 -18991 A 0.4042 0.9693 43.4N 53.6E 66 202 120 02m57s
44 06 0482 Jul 31 17:38:50 5827 -18768 A 0.4775 0.9639 44.5N 45.6W 61 208 148 03m23s
45 07 0500 Aug 11 00:35:02 5654 -18545 A 0.5458 0.9582 44.7N 146.2W 57 213 180 03m50s
46 08 0518 Aug 22 07:37:14 5480 -18322 A 0.6084 0.9524 44.1N 110.9E 52 217 216 04m21s
47 09 0536 Sep 01 14:46:51 5305 -18099 A 0.6640 0.9466 43.0N 5.3E 48 220 258 04m54s
48 10 0554 Sep 12 22:04:09 5128 -17876 A 0.7127 0.9409 41.8N 103.2W 44 220 304 05m30s
49 11 0572 Sep 23 05:28:53 4948 -17653 A 0.7545 0.9354 40.6N 145.4E 41 220 355 06m08s
50 12 0590 Oct 04 13:02:00 4768 -17430 A 0.7888 0.9303 39.5N 31.0E 38 218 411 06m50s
51 13 0608 Oct 14 20:42:44 4606 -17207 A 0.8163 0.9257 38.5N 86.1W 35 215 468 07m33s
52 14 0626 Oct 26 04:31:02 4463 -16984 A 0.8372 0.9216 37.8N 154.2E 33 212 525 08m17s
53 15 0644 Nov 05 12:24:02 4319 -16761 A 0.8539 0.9181 37.4N 32.7E 31 207 582 08m59s
54 16 0662 Nov 16 20:23:11 4150 -16538 A 0.8650 0.9153 37.2N 90.9W 30 202 630 09m37s
55 17 0680 Nov 27 04:24:53 3970 -16315 A 0.8734 0.9133 37.3N 144.4E 29 197 673 10m08s
56 18 0698 Dec 08 12:28:45 3790 -16092 A 0.8799 0.9120 37.8N 19.0E 28 192 707 10m28s
57 19 0716 Dec 18 20:30:55 3644 -15869 A 0.8874 0.9112 39.0N 106.1W 27 186 740 10m35s
58 20 0734 Dec 30 04:32:13 3501 -15646 A 0.8952 0.9112 40.9N 128.9E 26 181 768 10m28s
59 21 0753 Jan 09 12:29:12 3357 -15423 A 0.9060 0.9116 43.6N 4.5E 25 175 805 10m06s
60 22 0771 Jan 20 20:20:40 3213 -15200 A 0.9210 0.9125 47.5N 119.2W 22 169 863 09m31s
61 23 0789 Jan 31 04:05:08 3070 -14977 A 0.9412 0.9136 52.7N 117.4E 19 162 984 08m47s
62 24 0807 Feb 11 11:42:08 2926 -14754 A 0.9674 0.9147 59.8N 7.6W 14 152 1318 07m53s
63 25 0825 Feb 21 19:10:32 2782 -14531 A+ 1.0002 0.9516 71.5N 154.6W 0 119 - -
64 26 0843 Mar 05 02:29:36 2639 -14308 P 1.0404 0.8856 71.9N 81.0E 0 105
65 27 0861 Mar 15 09:40:04 2495 -14085 P 1.0873 0.8079 72.1N 41.4W 0 91
66 28 0879 Mar 26 16:42:00 2351 -13862 P 1.1411 0.7181 72.0N 161.6W 0 77
67 29 0897 Apr 05 23:34:59 2207 -13639 P 1.2019 0.6157 71.6N 80.6E 0 64
68 30 0915 Apr 17 06:21:01 2094 -13416 P 1.2684 0.5029 71.0N 34.8W 0 51
69 31 0933 Apr 27 13:00:25 1987 -13193 P 1.3402 0.3803 70.3N 148.0W 0 38
70 32 0951 May 08 19:35:30 1879 -12970 P 1.4152 0.2514 69.4N 100.5E 0 26
71 33 0969 May 19 02:05:07 1771 -12747 Pe 1.4945 0.1145 68.4N 9.0W 0 15
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
