The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 82 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0293 Apr 22. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0969 May 19. The total duration of Saros series 82 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0293 Apr 22 21:31:56 TD Last Eclipse = 0969 May 19 02:05:07 TD Duration of Saros 82 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 82 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 82 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 16 | 22.5% |
| Annular | A | 39 | 54.9% |
| Total | T | 11 | 15.5% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 5 | 7.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 82 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 82 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 55 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 54 | 98.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 82: 8P 11T 5H 39A 8P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 82 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 82 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 0716 Dec 18 | 10m35s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 0140 Jan 07 | 00m05s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | -0131 Jul 28 | 04m14s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 0031 Nov 03 | 01m04s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 0049 Nov 14 | 00m46s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 0121 Dec 27 | 00m01s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | -0167 Jul 07 | - | 0.98213 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | -0293 Apr 22 | - | 0.04445 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 82. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 82.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
04076 -37 -0293 Apr 22 21:31:56 13914 -28357 Pb -1.5048 0.0445 70.9S 28.3W 0
04116 -36 -0275 May 03 05:03:29 13674 -28134 P -1.4392 0.1713 70.3S 155.2W 0
04156 -35 -0257 May 14 12:31:26 13439 -27911 P -1.3708 0.3041 69.5S 79.2E 0
04197 -34 -0239 May 24 19:57:18 13209 -27688 P -1.3006 0.4408 68.6S 45.2W 0
04238 -33 -0221 Jun 05 03:22:34 12984 -27465 P -1.2298 0.5784 67.7S 168.9W 0
04279 -32 -0203 Jun 15 10:46:45 12763 -27242 P -1.1581 0.7173 66.7S 68.1E 0
04320 -31 -0185 Jun 26 18:13:18 12546 -27019 P -1.0885 0.8517 65.7S 55.0W 0
04363 -30 -0167 Jul 07 01:41:42 12334 -26796 P -1.0204 0.9821 64.8S 178.1W 0
04406 -29 -0149 Jul 18 09:15:06 12125 -26573 T -0.9567 1.0553 49.1S 71.0E 16 635 04m06s
04449 -28 -0131 Jul 28 16:51:40 11921 -26350 T -0.8959 1.0539 40.6S 44.3W 26 398 04m14s
04492 -27 -0113 Aug 09 00:35:30 11719 -26127 T -0.8414 1.0510 36.0S 162.0W 32 308 04m05s
04535 -26 -0095 Aug 19 08:24:57 11521 -25904 T -0.7919 1.0472 33.5S 78.9E 37 252 03m47s
04578 -25 -0077 Aug 30 16:21:46 11327 -25681 T -0.7491 1.0429 32.7S 42.0W 41 211 03m25s
04623 -24 -0059 Sep 10 00:25:09 11135 -25458 T -0.7123 1.0380 33.3S 164.5W 44 178 02m59s
04668 -23 -0041 Sep 21 08:36:41 10947 -25235 T -0.6828 1.0331 35.0S 71.0E 47 150 02m34s
04714 -22 -0023 Oct 01 16:55:10 10760 -25012 T -0.6597 1.0281 37.6S 55.1W 49 124 02m09s
04760 -21 -0005 Oct 13 01:19:37 10577 -24789 T -0.6420 1.0233 40.9S 177.6E 50 102 01m46s
04805 -20 0013 Oct 23 09:50:43 10395 -24566 T -0.6305 1.0186 44.7S 48.9E 51 81 01m23s
04851 -19 0031 Nov 03 18:26:45 10216 -24343 T -0.6241 1.0143 48.8S 80.4W 51 62 01m04s
04898 -18 0049 Nov 14 03:06:57 10038 -24120 H -0.6212 1.0104 52.8S 150.3E 51 46 00m46s
04942 -17 0067 Nov 25 11:48:04 9862 -23897 H -0.6200 1.0071 56.5S 22.2E 51 31 00m31s
04986 -16 0085 Dec 05 20:30:56 9688 -23674 H -0.6207 1.0042 59.5S 104.5W 51 19 00m19s
05031 -15 0103 Dec 17 05:12:14 9514 -23451 H -0.6209 1.0019 61.5S 131.0E 51 9 00m09s
05075 -14 0121 Dec 27 13:50:54 9342 -23228 H -0.6196 1.0002 62.0S 8.3E 51 1 00m01s
05119 -13 0140 Jan 07 22:24:43 9170 -23005 A -0.6151 0.9989 60.9S 113.5W 52 5 00m05s
05162 -12 0158 Jan 18 06:53:14 8999 -22782 A -0.6069 0.9981 58.2S 124.6E 52 8 00m09s
05203 -11 0176 Jan 29 15:13:49 8828 -22559 A -0.5930 0.9978 54.1S 2.3E 53 10 00m11s
05244 -10 0194 Feb 08 23:26:02 8657 -22336 A -0.5730 0.9977 49.0S 119.9W 55 10 00m12s
05285 -09 0212 Feb 20 07:28:52 8486 -22113 A -0.5462 0.9978 43.2S 118.6E 57 9 00m11s
05326 -08 0230 Mar 02 15:22:39 8314 -21890 A -0.5130 0.9980 36.8S 1.8W 59 8 00m11s
05367 -07 0248 Mar 12 23:05:01 8143 -21667 A -0.4710 0.9982 29.9S 120.1W 62 7 00m10s
05409 -06 0266 Mar 24 06:38:31 7970 -21444 A -0.4226 0.9982 22.7S 123.4E 65 7 00m11s
05449 -05 0284 Apr 03 14:01:36 7797 -21221 A -0.3662 0.9980 15.2S 9.3E 68 7 00m13s
05489 -04 0302 Apr 14 21:16:59 7624 -20998 A -0.3045 0.9974 7.6S 102.8W 72 9 00m17s
05528 -03 0320 Apr 25 04:21:58 7449 -20775 A -0.2349 0.9965 0.0N 147.9E 76 13 00m24s
05568 -02 0338 May 06 11:22:03 7274 -20552 Am -0.1621 0.9949 7.4N 40.2E 81 18 00m35s
05608 -01 0356 May 16 18:14:27 7097 -20329 A -0.0835 0.9929 14.7N 65.0W 85 25 00m49s
05648 00 0374 May 28 01:04:03 6920 -20106 A -0.0035 0.9903 21.4N 168.7W 90 34 01m06s
05689 01 0392 Jun 07 07:48:24 6743 -19883 A 0.0801 0.9872 27.7N 89.8E 85 45 01m26s
05730 02 0410 Jun 18 14:33:19 6565 -19660 A 0.1623 0.9835 33.1N 10.7W 80 59 01m47s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
05771 03 0428 Jun 28 21:16:15 6386 -19437 A 0.2453 0.9792 37.6N 109.7W 76 76 02m10s
05812 04 0446 Jul 10 04:00:55 6208 -19214 A 0.3260 0.9745 41.1N 151.9E 71 97 02m32s
05854 05 0464 Jul 20 10:47:29 6030 -18991 A 0.4042 0.9693 43.4N 53.7E 66 120 02m57s
05897 06 0482 Jul 31 17:38:50 5853 -18768 A 0.4775 0.9639 44.5N 45.5W 61 148 03m23s
05941 07 0500 Aug 11 00:35:02 5677 -18545 A 0.5458 0.9582 44.7N 146.1W 57 180 03m50s
05985 08 0518 Aug 22 07:37:14 5499 -18322 A 0.6084 0.9524 44.1N 111.0E 52 216 04m21s
06029 09 0536 Sep 01 14:46:51 5323 -18099 A 0.6640 0.9466 43.0N 5.4E 48 258 04m54s
06075 10 0554 Sep 12 22:04:09 5149 -17876 A 0.7127 0.9409 41.8N 103.1W 44 304 05m30s
06121 11 0572 Sep 23 05:28:53 4975 -17653 A 0.7545 0.9354 40.6N 145.5E 41 355 06m08s
06167 12 0590 Oct 04 13:02:00 4803 -17430 A 0.7888 0.9303 39.5N 31.1E 38 411 06m50s
06212 13 0608 Oct 14 20:42:44 4632 -17207 A 0.8163 0.9257 38.5N 86.0W 35 468 07m33s
06257 14 0626 Oct 26 04:31:02 4463 -16984 A 0.8372 0.9216 37.8N 154.2E 33 525 08m17s
06302 15 0644 Nov 05 12:24:02 4295 -16761 A 0.8539 0.9181 37.4N 32.6E 31 582 08m59s
06349 16 0662 Nov 16 20:23:11 4129 -16538 A 0.8650 0.9153 37.2N 91.0W 30 630 09m37s
06395 17 0680 Nov 27 04:24:53 3965 -16315 A 0.8734 0.9133 37.3N 144.4E 29 673 10m08s
06439 18 0698 Dec 08 12:28:45 3802 -16092 A 0.8799 0.9120 37.8N 19.0E 28 707 10m28s
06482 19 0716 Dec 18 20:30:55 3642 -15869 A 0.8874 0.9112 39.0N 106.1W 27 740 10m35s
06525 20 0734 Dec 30 04:32:13 3484 -15646 A 0.8952 0.9112 40.9N 128.8E 26 768 10m28s
06567 21 0753 Jan 09 12:29:12 3329 -15423 A 0.9060 0.9116 43.6N 4.4E 25 805 10m06s
06608 22 0771 Jan 20 20:20:40 3177 -15200 A 0.9210 0.9125 47.5N 119.4W 22 863 09m31s
06649 23 0789 Jan 31 04:05:08 3027 -14977 A 0.9412 0.9136 52.7N 117.2E 19 984 08m47s
06690 24 0807 Feb 11 11:42:08 2881 -14754 A 0.9674 0.9147 59.8N 7.8W 14 1318 07m53s
06731 25 0825 Feb 21 19:10:32 2738 -14531 A+ 1.0002 0.9516 71.5N 154.8W 0
06771 26 0843 Mar 05 02:29:36 2599 -14308 P 1.0404 0.8856 71.9N 80.9E 0
06811 27 0861 Mar 15 09:40:04 2464 -14085 P 1.0873 0.8079 72.1N 41.5W 0
06851 28 0879 Mar 26 16:42:00 2332 -13862 P 1.1411 0.7181 72.0N 161.7W 0
06891 29 0897 Apr 05 23:34:59 2205 -13639 P 1.2019 0.6157 71.6N 80.6E 0
06931 30 0915 Apr 17 06:21:01 2082 -13416 P 1.2684 0.5029 71.0N 34.9W 0
06971 31 0933 Apr 27 13:00:25 1963 -13193 P 1.3402 0.3803 70.3N 148.1W 0
07012 32 0951 May 08 19:35:30 1848 -12970 P 1.4152 0.2514 69.4N 100.4E 0
07053 33 0969 May 19 02:05:07 1739 -12747 Pe 1.4945 0.1145 68.4N 9.1W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
