The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 83 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on -0210 May 05. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1052 May 30. The total duration of Saros series 83 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0210 May 05 02:07:49 TD
Last Eclipse = 1052 May 30 23:13:57 TD
Duration of Saros 83 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 83 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 83 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 16 | 22.5% |
| Annular | A | 51 | 71.8% |
| Total | T | 3 | 4.2% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 1 | 1.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 83 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 83 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 55 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 53 | 96.4% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 83: 7P 51A 1H 3T 9P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 83 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 0872 Feb 12 Duration = 00m36s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 0854 Feb 01 Duration = 00m22s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0150 Dec 07 Duration = 12m23s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0818 Jan 10 Duration = 00m07s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 0836 Jan 22 Duration = 00m07s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 0836 Jan 22 Duration = 00m07s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0908 Mar 05 Magnitude = 0.9465
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: -0210 May 05 Magnitude = 0.0109
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 83 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 083 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -34 -0210 May 05 02:07:49 12708 -27330 Pb 1.5500 0.0109 61.9N 79.8E 0 57
02 -33 -0192 May 15 08:44:22 12502 -27107 P 1.4737 0.1451 62.5N 29.2W 0 48
03 -32 -0174 May 26 15:16:29 12299 -26884 P 1.3940 0.2847 63.2N 137.3W 0 39
04 -31 -0156 Jun 05 21:46:46 12098 -26661 P 1.3130 0.4259 64.0N 114.9E 0 30
05 -30 -0138 Jun 17 04:16:00 11900 -26438 P 1.2315 0.5673 64.9N 7.0E 0 21
06 -29 -0120 Jun 27 10:45:54 11703 -26215 P 1.1507 0.7067 65.8N 101.3W 0 11
07 -28 -0102 Jul 08 17:18:06 11509 -25992 P 1.0718 0.8418 66.8N 149.4E 0 1
08 -27 -0084 Jul 18 23:54:35 11317 -25769 An 0.9965 0.9375 69.9N 37.6E 2 349 - 03m39s
09 -26 -0066 Jul 30 06:36:44 11127 -25546 A 0.9262 0.9386 82.5N 158.7W 22 256 617 04m17s
10 -25 -0048 Aug 09 13:24:18 10939 -25323 A 0.8605 0.9367 73.2N 60.5E 30 220 466 04m55s
11 -24 -0030 Aug 20 20:20:09 10752 -25100 A 0.8018 0.9341 64.0N 53.7W 36 212 412 05m38s
12 -23 -0012 Aug 31 03:23:34 10567 -24877 A 0.7495 0.9311 55.6N 165.5W 41 209 388 06m24s
13 -22 0006 Sep 11 10:36:21 10384 -24654 A 0.7049 0.9281 48.0N 81.7E 45 206 378 07m13s
14 -21 0024 Sep 21 17:57:07 10202 -24431 A 0.6669 0.9250 40.9N 32.6W 48 204 375 08m05s
15 -20 0042 Oct 03 01:27:27 10022 -24208 A 0.6369 0.9222 34.6N 148.8W 50 202 377 08m56s
16 -19 0060 Oct 13 09:05:51 9843 -23985 A 0.6134 0.9196 28.9N 93.3E 52 199 381 09m47s
17 -18 0078 Oct 24 16:51:28 9665 -23762 A 0.5957 0.9175 24.0N 26.2W 53 196 386 10m35s
18 -17 0096 Nov 04 00:44:00 9489 -23539 A 0.5836 0.9159 19.8N 147.1W 54 193 392 11m18s
19 -16 0114 Nov 15 08:41:03 9313 -23316 A 0.5746 0.9149 16.3N 91.1E 55 189 395 11m52s
20 -15 0132 Nov 25 16:42:02 9139 -23093 A 0.5691 0.9144 13.6N 31.5W 55 185 396 12m16s
21 -14 0150 Dec 07 00:43:01 8965 -22870 A 0.5630 0.9147 11.6N 154.0W 56 181 393 12m23s
22 -13 0168 Dec 17 08:45:18 8792 -22647 A 0.5579 0.9156 10.3N 83.3E 56 176 387 12m14s
23 -12 0186 Dec 28 16:44:33 8620 -22424 A 0.5496 0.9173 9.6N 38.6W 57 172 375 11m49s
24 -11 0205 Jan 08 00:40:31 8449 -22201 A 0.5386 0.9196 9.4N 159.5W 57 167 359 11m09s
25 -10 0223 Jan 19 08:29:58 8278 -21978 A 0.5218 0.9226 9.6N 81.4E 58 163 339 10m21s
26 -09 0241 Jan 29 16:13:53 8108 -21755 A 0.5002 0.9261 10.2N 36.2W 60 159 317 09m27s
27 -08 0259 Feb 09 23:49:56 7938 -21532 A 0.4715 0.9302 11.1N 151.6W 62 156 292 08m33s
28 -07 0277 Feb 20 07:17:51 7768 -21309 A 0.4355 0.9346 12.3N 95.3E 64 153 267 07m40s
29 -06 0295 Mar 03 14:37:14 7598 -21086 A 0.3920 0.9393 13.5N 15.3W 67 151 242 06m51s
30 -05 0313 Mar 13 21:48:58 7429 -20863 A 0.3416 0.9442 14.9N 123.7W 70 150 217 06m08s
31 -04 0331 Mar 25 04:52:12 7260 -20640 A 0.2836 0.9493 16.1N 130.5E 73 150 193 05m28s
32 -03 0349 Apr 04 11:48:32 7090 -20417 A 0.2189 0.9542 17.0N 26.7E 77 150 171 04m54s
33 -02 0367 Apr 15 18:38:26 6921 -20194 A 0.1482 0.9590 17.5N 75.2W 81 152 150 04m24s
34 -01 0385 Apr 26 01:24:13 6751 -19971 A 0.0732 0.9636 17.5N 175.8W 86 155 132 03m59s
35 00 0403 May 07 08:04:37 6581 -19748 A -0.0070 0.9679 16.6N 85.0E 90 330 116 03m36s
36 01 0421 May 17 14:44:02 6410 -19525 Am -0.0888 0.9716 14.9N 14.2W 85 341 102 03m17s
37 02 0439 May 28 21:21:24 6239 -19302 A -0.1728 0.9750 12.2N 113.2W 80 345 90 02m59s
38 03 0457 Jun 08 04:01:10 6068 -19079 A -0.2559 0.9779 8.5N 146.8E 75 350 81 02m43s
39 04 0475 Jun 19 10:40:23 5895 -18856 A -0.3401 0.9802 3.9N 46.2E 70 354 75 02m29s
40 05 0493 Jun 29 17:25:33 5723 -18633 A -0.4200 0.9819 1.5S 56.6W 65 358 71 02m16s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 06 0511 Jul 11 00:13:47 5549 -18410 A -0.4979 0.9831 7.6S 160.9W 60 2 69 02m05s
42 07 0529 Jul 21 07:09:42 5374 -18187 A -0.5701 0.9838 14.2S 92.1E 55 6 70 01m56s
43 08 0547 Aug 01 14:11:29 5198 -17964 A -0.6384 0.9840 21.3S 17.1W 50 10 73 01m48s
44 09 0565 Aug 11 21:23:39 5019 -17741 A -0.6988 0.9839 28.6S 129.6W 45 14 79 01m42s
45 10 0583 Aug 23 04:44:22 4839 -17518 A -0.7529 0.9834 36.1S 115.0E 41 19 89 01m38s
46 11 0601 Sep 02 12:14:51 4663 -17295 A -0.7997 0.9828 43.5S 3.5W 37 23 101 01m34s
47 12 0619 Sep 13 19:55:18 4519 -17072 A -0.8391 0.9819 50.7S 125.2W 33 29 117 01m31s
48 13 0637 Sep 24 03:46:29 4376 -16849 A -0.8707 0.9813 57.5S 109.5E 29 35 135 01m28s
49 14 0655 Oct 05 11:47:14 4221 -16626 A -0.8953 0.9807 63.9S 19.3W 26 42 154 01m24s
50 15 0673 Oct 15 19:56:59 4041 -16403 A -0.9133 0.9805 69.6S 151.8W 24 51 172 01m20s
51 16 0691 Oct 27 04:15:17 3861 -16180 A -0.9252 0.9807 74.7S 72.2E 22 61 184 01m16s
52 17 0709 Nov 06 12:41:08 3701 -15957 A -0.9319 0.9814 79.2S 67.4W 21 73 186 01m10s
53 18 0727 Nov 17 21:12:00 3557 -15734 A -0.9352 0.9827 83.3S 146.8E 20 89 177 01m03s
54 19 0745 Nov 28 05:47:42 3414 -15511 A -0.9354 0.9847 86.7S 19.1W 20 125 157 00m54s
55 20 0763 Dec 09 14:25:24 3270 -15288 A -0.9348 0.9872 86.6S 127.8E 20 208 131 00m45s
56 21 0781 Dec 19 23:04:25 3126 -15065 A -0.9337 0.9903 83.2S 37.1W 21 242 97 00m34s
57 22 0799 Dec 31 07:41:20 2983 -14842 A -0.9351 0.9939 79.1S 179.2W 20 254 62 00m21s
58 23 0818 Jan 10 16:17:09 2839 -14619 A -0.9382 0.9979 75.1S 43.6E 20 261 22 00m07s
59 24 0836 Jan 22 00:48:35 2695 -14396 H -0.9459 1.0021 71.2S 88.9W 18 265 23 00m07s
60 25 0854 Feb 01 09:15:03 2552 -14173 T -0.9582 1.0065 67.8S 142.1E 16 267 80 00m22s
61 26 0872 Feb 12 17:35:06 2408 -13950 T -0.9765 1.0105 64.9S 18.7E 12 266 175 00m36s
62 27 0890 Feb 23 01:48:59 2264 -13727 T- -1.0005 1.0005 61.2S 89.1W 0 253 - -
63 28 0908 Mar 05 09:56:14 2137 -13504 P -1.0310 0.9465 61.0S 139.9E 0 262
64 29 0926 Mar 16 17:55:33 2029 -13281 P -1.0686 0.8785 60.9S 10.9E 0 271
65 30 0944 Mar 27 01:48:39 1921 -13058 P -1.1120 0.7986 61.0S 116.5W 0 279
66 31 0962 Apr 07 09:34:49 1814 -12835 P -1.1615 0.7065 61.3S 117.7E 0 288
67 32 0980 Apr 17 17:15:17 1706 -12612 P -1.2162 0.6033 61.7S 6.7W 0 297
68 33 0998 Apr 29 00:49:49 1598 -12389 P -1.2763 0.4887 62.2S 129.8W 0 306
69 34 1016 May 09 08:20:53 1507 -12166 P -1.3396 0.3670 62.9S 107.9E 0 315
70 35 1034 May 20 15:48:37 1417 -11943 P -1.4058 0.2391 63.7S 13.8W 0 324
71 36 1052 May 30 23:13:57 1327 -11720 Pe -1.4743 0.1062 64.5S 135.2W 0 334
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
