The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 89 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0018 Feb 04. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1316 Mar 24. The total duration of Saros series 89 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0018 Feb 04 20:20:34 TD
Last Eclipse = 1316 Mar 24 09:36:47 TD
Duration of Saros 89 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 89 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 89 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 33 | 45.2% |
| Annular | A | 40 | 54.8% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 89 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 89 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 89: 10P 40A 23P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 89 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0486 Nov 12 Duration = 10m43s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0883 Jul 08 Duration = 00m27s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0919 Jul 29 Magnitude = 0.9112
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0018 Feb 04 Magnitude = 0.0205
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 89 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 089 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -33 0018 Feb 04 20:20:34 10269 -24513 Pb 1.5494 0.0205 62.2N 133.1W 0 128
02 -32 0036 Feb 16 04:03:39 10088 -24290 P 1.5240 0.0641 61.7N 101.4E 0 119
03 -31 0054 Feb 26 11:35:35 9909 -24067 P 1.4903 0.1220 61.2N 21.1W 0 110
04 -30 0072 Mar 08 18:58:25 9730 -23844 P 1.4497 0.1916 60.9N 141.3W 0 101
05 -29 0090 Mar 20 02:09:19 9553 -23621 P 1.3998 0.2774 60.8N 101.5E 0 92
06 -28 0108 Mar 30 09:12:09 9378 -23398 P 1.3438 0.3738 60.8N 13.6W 0 83
07 -27 0126 Apr 10 16:04:42 9203 -23175 P 1.2800 0.4837 61.0N 126.2W 0 75
08 -26 0144 Apr 20 22:49:07 9029 -22952 P 1.2098 0.6047 61.3N 123.2E 0 66
09 -25 0162 May 02 05:26:00 8856 -22729 P 1.1337 0.7359 61.8N 14.4E 0 57
10 -24 0180 May 12 11:57:30 8683 -22506 P 1.0536 0.8738 62.4N 93.2W 0 48
11 -23 0198 May 23 18:24:58 8512 -22283 A 0.9702 0.9440 71.7N 172.5W 13 65 892 03m34s
12 -22 0216 Jun 03 00:48:22 8341 -22060 A 0.8836 0.9464 76.5N 136.8E 28 110 426 03m48s
13 -21 0234 Jun 14 07:11:48 8170 -21837 A 0.7974 0.9469 74.4N 76.2E 37 146 326 04m05s
14 -20 0252 Jun 24 13:35:01 8000 -21614 A 0.7112 0.9466 68.9N 0.5W 44 168 281 04m27s
15 -19 0270 Jul 05 20:00:46 7830 -21391 A 0.6271 0.9456 62.2N 87.9W 51 179 258 04m54s
16 -18 0288 Jul 16 02:29:07 7661 -21168 A 0.5451 0.9441 54.9N 178.9E 57 186 247 05m26s
17 -17 0306 Jul 27 09:03:59 7491 -20945 A 0.4683 0.9422 47.5N 81.4E 62 191 242 06m03s
18 -16 0324 Aug 06 15:44:50 7322 -20722 A 0.3967 0.9399 39.9N 19.1W 66 194 243 06m42s
19 -15 0342 Aug 17 22:33:14 7153 -20499 A 0.3313 0.9374 32.4N 122.6W 70 196 246 07m21s
20 -14 0360 Aug 28 05:30:14 6983 -20276 A 0.2727 0.9348 25.1N 131.2E 74 197 252 07m59s
21 -13 0378 Sep 08 12:37:19 6813 -20053 A 0.2222 0.9322 18.0N 22.2E 77 198 259 08m35s
22 -12 0396 Sep 18 19:53:40 6643 -19830 A 0.1792 0.9297 11.2N 89.1W 80 198 267 09m07s
23 -11 0414 Sep 30 03:19:02 6473 -19607 A 0.1434 0.9274 4.9N 157.3E 82 198 275 09m35s
24 -10 0432 Oct 10 10:53:48 6302 -19384 A 0.1154 0.9254 1.0S 41.6E 83 197 283 10m00s
25 -09 0450 Oct 21 18:37:15 6131 -19161 A 0.0940 0.9238 6.2S 75.8W 85 195 289 10m20s
26 -08 0468 Nov 01 02:27:24 5959 -18938 A 0.0780 0.9227 10.8S 165.4E 86 193 293 10m34s
27 -07 0486 Nov 12 10:24:14 5786 -18715 A 0.0672 0.9221 14.6S 45.4E 86 189 295 10m43s
28 -06 0504 Nov 22 18:25:08 5613 -18492 A 0.0592 0.9222 17.6S 75.1W 87 186 295 10m41s
29 -05 0522 Dec 04 02:29:54 5438 -18269 A 0.0543 0.9229 19.7S 163.8E 87 181 292 10m31s
30 -04 0540 Dec 14 10:34:02 5263 -18046 A 0.0482 0.9243 20.9S 43.1E 87 176 286 10m10s
31 -03 0558 Dec 25 18:39:21 5085 -17823 A 0.0427 0.9263 21.2S 77.8W 88 171 278 09m41s
32 -02 0577 Jan 05 02:41:04 4905 -17600 A 0.0334 0.9290 20.7S 162.2E 88 166 266 09m03s
33 -01 0595 Jan 16 10:39:56 4726 -17377 A 0.0214 0.9324 19.5S 42.8E 89 161 253 08m20s
34 00 0613 Jan 26 18:31:59 4572 -17154 A 0.0030 0.9363 17.9S 75.0W 90 128 237 07m35s
35 01 0631 Feb 07 02:19:34 4429 -16931 A -0.0196 0.9407 15.8S 168.2E 89 337 220 06m49s
36 02 0649 Feb 17 09:59:12 4285 -16708 A -0.0499 0.9455 13.6S 53.3E 87 334 201 06m05s
37 03 0667 Feb 28 17:31:36 4107 -16485 Am -0.0868 0.9506 11.3S 60.0W 85 332 182 05m23s
38 04 0685 Mar 11 00:55:43 3927 -16262 A -0.1313 0.9559 9.2S 171.3W 82 331 162 04m44s
39 05 0703 Mar 22 08:13:08 3754 -16039 A -0.1819 0.9612 7.5S 79.1E 79 331 143 04m08s
40 06 0721 Apr 01 15:23:02 3610 -15816 A -0.2396 0.9666 6.3S 28.4W 76 331 124 03m34s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 07 0739 Apr 12 22:26:36 3467 -15593 A -0.3033 0.9717 5.9S 134.4W 72 333 106 03m03s
42 08 0757 Apr 23 05:24:52 3323 -15370 A -0.3722 0.9766 6.3S 120.9E 68 335 89 02m34s
43 09 0775 May 04 12:19:13 3179 -15147 A -0.4448 0.9812 7.7S 17.0E 64 338 74 02m06s
44 10 0793 May 14 19:09:27 3036 -14924 A -0.5216 0.9852 10.3S 86.2W 58 342 61 01m41s
45 11 0811 May 26 01:59:01 2892 -14701 A -0.5998 0.9887 14.1S 170.3E 53 346 49 01m17s
46 12 0829 Jun 05 08:47:46 2748 -14478 A -0.6791 0.9916 19.2S 66.4E 47 349 40 00m57s
47 13 0847 Jun 16 15:39:22 2604 -14255 A -0.7570 0.9937 25.5S 39.0W 41 354 34 00m42s
48 14 0865 Jun 26 22:31:49 2461 -14032 A -0.8348 0.9949 33.5S 145.6W 33 358 32 00m31s
49 15 0883 Jul 08 05:30:38 2317 -13809 A -0.9080 0.9951 43.3S 104.5E 24 3 41 00m27s
50 16 0901 Jul 18 12:33:26 2176 -13586 A -0.9786 0.9934 58.0S 10.5W 11 12 119 00m32s
51 17 0919 Jul 29 19:44:05 2069 -13363 P -1.0437 0.9112 69.6S 136.7W 0 29
52 18 0937 Aug 09 03:00:57 1961 -13140 P -1.1044 0.8013 70.4S 101.1E 0 41
53 19 0955 Aug 20 10:27:56 1853 -12917 P -1.1576 0.7047 71.1S 24.2W 0 54
54 20 0973 Aug 30 18:03:13 1746 -12694 P -1.2046 0.6191 71.6S 152.0W 0 67
55 21 0991 Sep 11 01:47:57 1638 -12471 P -1.2447 0.5462 71.8S 77.4E 0 81
56 22 1009 Sep 21 09:42:23 1540 -12248 P -1.2777 0.4860 71.9S 55.8W 0 95
57 23 1027 Oct 02 17:46:43 1450 -12025 P -1.3036 0.4389 71.7S 168.7E 0 109
58 24 1045 Oct 13 01:59:57 1360 -11802 P -1.3229 0.4038 71.2S 31.3E 0 122
59 25 1063 Oct 24 10:20:36 1271 -11579 P -1.3370 0.3782 70.6S 107.6W 0 136
60 26 1081 Nov 03 18:49:33 1181 -11356 P -1.3451 0.3634 69.7S 112.1E 0 148
61 27 1099 Nov 15 03:24:19 1091 -11133 P -1.3496 0.3551 68.8S 29.1W 0 161
62 28 1117 Nov 25 12:04:12 1019 -10910 P -1.3506 0.3531 67.8S 170.9W 0 172
63 29 1135 Dec 06 20:46:56 948 -10687 P -1.3503 0.3536 66.7S 47.2E 0 184
64 30 1153 Dec 17 05:32:01 880 -10464 P -1.3488 0.3560 65.7S 94.8W 0 194
65 31 1171 Dec 28 14:16:40 826 -10241 P -1.3484 0.3564 64.7S 123.8E 0 205
66 32 1190 Jan 07 22:59:43 772 -10018 P -1.3501 0.3528 63.7S 16.9W 0 215
67 33 1208 Jan 19 07:39:49 719 -9795 P -1.3551 0.3431 62.9S 156.5W 0 225
68 34 1226 Jan 29 16:15:54 665 -9572 P -1.3640 0.3259 62.3S 65.2E 0 234
69 35 1244 Feb 10 00:45:37 611 -9349 P -1.3786 0.2979 61.7S 71.4W 0 244
70 36 1262 Feb 20 09:09:20 562 -9126 P -1.3986 0.2595 61.4S 153.7E 0 253
71 37 1280 Mar 02 17:25:39 516 -8903 P -1.4251 0.2084 61.1S 20.6E 0 262
72 38 1298 Mar 14 01:35:41 469 -8680 P -1.4573 0.1459 61.1S 110.8W 0 271
73 39 1316 Mar 24 09:36:47 436 -8457 Pe -1.4970 0.0686 61.2S 120.1E 0 280
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
