Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 90

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 90

Solar eclipses of Saros 90 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0134 Sep 28. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1345 Mar 04. The total duration of Saros series 90 is 1478.47 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =  -0134 Sep 28   15:55:39 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   1345 Mar 04   22:47:14 TD

                      Duration of Saros  90  =  1478.47 Years

Saros 90 is composed of 83 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 90
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 83100.0%
PartialP 41 49.4%
AnnularA 0 0.0%
TotalT 40 48.2%
Hybrid[3]H 2 2.4%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 90 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 90
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 42100.0%
Central (two limits) 42100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 83 eclipses in Saros 90: 20P 2H 40T 21P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 90 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 90
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 0804 Apr 1306m03s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 0263 May 2401m30s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0245 May 1300m48s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0227 May 0300m05s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 0984 Jul 31 - 0.98707
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 1345 Mar 04 - 0.03254

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 90

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 90. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 90.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 90

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

04443 -37 -0134 Sep 28  15:55:39  11952 -26385   Pb  -1.5411  0.0433  60.7S 102.3W   0             
04486 -36 -0116 Oct 08  23:39:19  11751 -26162   P   -1.5142  0.0890  60.8S 132.3E   0             
04529 -35 -0098 Oct 20  07:32:27  11552 -25939   P   -1.4940  0.1233  61.1S   4.5E   0             
04572 -34 -0080 Oct 30  15:31:59  11357 -25716   P   -1.4782  0.1498  61.5S 124.9W   0             
04617 -33 -0062 Nov 10  23:38:44  11165 -25493   P   -1.4676  0.1675  62.2S 103.7E   0             
04662 -32 -0044 Nov 21  07:49:10  10976 -25270   P   -1.4592  0.1812  62.9S  28.8W   0             
04708 -31 -0026 Dec 02  16:02:20  10790 -25047   P   -1.4526  0.1916  63.8S 162.3W   0             
04754 -30 -0008 Dec 13  00:16:16  10605 -24824   P   -1.4460  0.2020  64.7S  63.8E   0             
04799 -29  0010 Dec 24  08:29:33  10424 -24601   P   -1.4384  0.2138  65.8S  70.4W   0             
04845 -28  0029 Jan 03  16:40:00  10244 -24378   P   -1.4276  0.2309  66.9S 155.7E   0             

04891 -27  0047 Jan 15  00:46:09  10066 -24155   P   -1.4127  0.2553  68.0S  22.4E   0             
04935 -26  0065 Jan 25  08:47:30   9890 -23932   P   -1.3930  0.2879  69.0S 110.4W   0             
04979 -25  0083 Feb 05  16:42:51   9715 -23709   P   -1.3681  0.3299  69.9S 117.8E   0             
05024 -24  0101 Feb 16  00:30:33   9542 -23486   P   -1.3358  0.3853  70.7S  12.8W   0             
05068 -23  0119 Feb 27  08:11:25   9369 -23263   P   -1.2970  0.4527  71.4S 142.2W   0             
05112 -22  0137 Mar 09  15:44:51   9197 -23040   P   -1.2511  0.5335  71.8S  89.9E   0             
05156 -21  0155 Mar 20  23:12:18   9026 -22817   P   -1.1993  0.6259  71.9S  36.8W   0             
05197 -20  0173 Mar 31  06:31:47   8855 -22594   P   -1.1400  0.7329  71.9S 161.5W   0             
05238 -19  0191 Apr 11  13:46:44   8684 -22371   P   -1.0759  0.8499  71.5S  75.1E   0             
05279 -18  0209 Apr 21  20:55:53   8513 -22148   P   -1.0056  0.9794  71.0S  46.4W   0             

05320 -17  0227 May 03  04:02:14   8341 -21925   H   -0.9320  1.0011  51.9S 172.2E  21   10  00m05s
05361 -16  0245 May 13  11:05:04   8170 -21702   H2  -0.8543  1.0086  39.9S  56.8E  31   57  00m48s
05402 -15  0263 May 24  18:08:00   7997 -21479   T   -0.7755  1.0151  30.1S  55.0W  39   82  01m30s
05442 -14  0281 Jun 04  01:11:00   7825 -21256   T   -0.6954  1.0205  21.7S 165.1W  46   97  02m08s
05482 -13  0299 Jun 15  08:15:24   7651 -21033   T   -0.6154  1.0251  14.6S  85.6E  52  108  02m40s
05521 -12  0317 Jun 25  15:23:13   7477 -20810   T   -0.5370  1.0288   8.7S  23.8W  57  116  03m04s
05561 -11  0335 Jul 06  22:34:59   7301 -20587   T   -0.4608  1.0319   4.0S 133.3W  63  121  03m20s
05601 -10  0353 Jul 17  05:53:15   7125 -20364   T   -0.3890  1.0341   0.6S 116.0E  67  124  03m27s
05641 -09  0371 Jul 28  13:16:47   6948 -20141   T   -0.3207  1.0357   1.6N   4.5E  71  126  03m30s
05683 -08  0389 Aug 07  20:49:26   6771 -19918   T   -0.2590  1.0366   2.6N 109.1W  75  127  03m28s

05724 -07  0407 Aug 19  04:29:24   6593 -19695   T   -0.2024  1.0371   2.5N 135.6E  78  127  03m24s
05765 -06  0425 Aug 29  12:19:01   6414 -19472   T   -0.1534  1.0371   1.3N  17.8E  81  126  03m19s
05806 -05  0443 Sep 09  20:16:39   6236 -19249   T   -0.1104  1.0368   0.5S 102.1W  84  124  03m14s
05847 -04  0461 Sep 20  04:24:35   6058 -19026   T   -0.0755  1.0364   3.1S 135.2E  86  123  03m09s
05890 -03  0479 Oct 01  12:40:26   5880 -18803   T   -0.0466  1.0358   6.0S  10.6E  87  121  03m06s
05933 -02  0497 Oct 11  21:04:41   5704 -18580   T   -0.0243  1.0354   9.2S 116.2W  89  119  03m04s
05977 -01  0515 Oct 23  05:36:13   5527 -18357   T   -0.0076  1.0351  12.5S 115.2E  89  118  03m04s
06021  00  0533 Nov 02  14:15:16   5351 -18134   T    0.0028  1.0350  15.6S  15.0W  90  118  03m06s
06067  01  0551 Nov 13  22:58:50   5176 -17911   T    0.0101  1.0354  18.4S 146.1W  90  119  03m10s
06113  02  0569 Nov 24  07:46:44   5002 -17688   T    0.0140  1.0361  20.6S  82.0E  89  121  03m17s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 90

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

06160  03  0587 Dec 05  16:36:28   4830 -17465   T    0.0167  1.0373  22.1S  50.1W  89  125  03m26s
06205  04  0605 Dec 16  01:28:09   4659 -17242   Tm   0.0181  1.0389  22.7S 177.6E  89  131  03m37s
06250  05  0623 Dec 27  10:17:25   4490 -17019   T    0.0217  1.0412  22.2S  45.8E  89  138  03m51s
06295  06  0642 Jan 06  19:05:52   4321 -16796   T    0.0263  1.0437  20.8S  85.9W  89  146  04m06s
06341  07  0660 Jan 18  03:49:03   4155 -16573   T    0.0354  1.0468  18.2S 143.3E  88  156  04m22s
06387  08  0678 Jan 28  12:28:34   3990 -16350   T    0.0480  1.0501  14.8S  13.0E  87  166  04m40s
06431  09  0696 Feb 08  20:59:58   3828 -16127   T    0.0674  1.0537  10.3S 115.8W  86  178  04m58s
06474  10  0714 Feb 19  05:26:24   3667 -15904   T    0.0914  1.0574   5.2S 116.1E  85  190  05m15s
06517  11  0732 Mar 01  13:43:50   3509 -15681   T    0.1226  1.0611   0.7N  10.2W  83  202  05m32s
06559  12  0750 Mar 12  21:54:22   3353 -15458   T    0.1600  1.0647   7.0N 135.1W  81  214  05m46s

06601  13  0768 Mar 23  05:55:58   3200 -15235   T    0.2050  1.0679  13.9N 102.1E  78  226  05m56s
06642  14  0786 Apr 03  13:51:28   3051 -15012   T    0.2552  1.0709  21.0N  19.3W  75  238  06m02s
06684  15  0804 Apr 13  21:39:23   2904 -14789   T    0.3118  1.0732  28.3N 138.5W  72  250  06m03s
06725  16  0822 Apr 25  05:20:58   2761 -14566   T    0.3737  1.0750  35.8N 104.2E  68  262  05m58s
06765  17  0840 May 05  12:57:06   2621 -14343   T    0.4402  1.0759  43.3N  11.0W  64  274  05m46s
06805  18  0858 May 16  20:29:15   2485 -14120   T    0.5102  1.0760  50.7N 124.0W  59  287  05m30s
06845  19  0876 May 27  03:57:56   2353 -13897   T    0.5830  1.0753  57.9N 125.9E  54  301  05m10s
06885  20  0894 Jun 07  11:24:26   2225 -13674   T    0.6575  1.0736  64.6N  19.5E  49  318  04m47s
06925  21  0912 Jun 17  18:50:25   2101 -13451   T    0.7322  1.0708  70.4N  81.2W  43  340  04m21s
06965  22  0930 Jun 29  02:17:19   1981 -13228   T    0.8061  1.0671  74.4N 173.2W  36  372  03m55s

07006  23  0948 Jul 09  09:44:37   1866 -13005   T    0.8793  1.0621  75.4N 104.3E  28  431  03m27s
07047  24  0966 Jul 20  17:15:22   1755 -12782   T    0.9492  1.0556  72.4N  23.0E  18  597  02m55s
07087  25  0984 Jul 31  00:49:12   1649 -12559   P    1.0161  0.9871  62.4N  58.3W   0             
07129  26  1002 Aug 11  08:28:52   1548 -12336   P    1.0778  0.8675  61.8N 177.3E   0             
07171  27  1020 Aug 21  16:12:38   1451 -12113   P    1.1354  0.7563  61.4N  52.1E   0             
07213  28  1038 Sep 02  00:04:02   1359 -11890   P    1.1865  0.6587  61.1N  74.9W   0             
07256  29  1056 Sep 12  08:01:37   1271 -11667   P    1.2319  0.5725  60.9N 156.7E   0             
07300  30  1074 Sep 23  16:06:44   1188 -11444   P    1.2706  0.4998  60.9N  26.4E   0             
07344  31  1092 Oct 04  00:18:28   1110 -11221   P    1.3034  0.4387  61.1N 105.6W   0             
07390  32  1110 Oct 15  08:37:44   1036 -10998   P    1.3297  0.3905  61.4N 120.6E   0             

07435  33  1128 Oct 25  17:03:22    966 -10775   P    1.3504  0.3528  61.9N  15.0W   0             
07480  34  1146 Nov 06  01:33:49    900 -10552   P    1.3669  0.3233  62.6N 151.9W   0             
07525  35  1164 Nov 16  10:09:43    838 -10329   P    1.3785  0.3027  63.4N  69.7E   0             
07571  36  1182 Nov 27  18:48:43    780 -10106   P    1.3869  0.2883  64.3N  69.8W   0             
07616  37  1200 Dec 08  03:30:03    726  -9883   P    1.3933  0.2771  65.3N 149.9E   0             
07661  38  1218 Dec 19  12:10:11    676  -9660   P    1.4002  0.2653  66.3N   9.4E   0             
07707  39  1236 Dec 29  20:49:58    628  -9437   P    1.4069  0.2537  67.4N 131.4W   0             
07752  40  1255 Jan 10  05:25:56    584  -9214   P    1.4160  0.2376  68.5N  88.1E   0             
07796  41  1273 Jan 20  13:57:10    543  -8991   P    1.4282  0.2159  69.5N  51.8W   0             
07839  42  1291 Jan 31  22:21:43    504  -8768   P    1.4452  0.1856  70.4N 169.4E   0             


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 90

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

07881  43  1309 Feb 11  06:39:24    468  -8545   P    1.4670  0.1465  71.1N  31.7E   0             
07923  44  1327 Feb 22  14:47:53    435  -8322   P    1.4956  0.0953  71.6N 104.3W   0             
07964  45  1345 Mar 04  22:47:14    403  -8099   Pe   1.5306  0.0325  71.9N 121.7E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26