The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 90 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0134 Sep 28. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1345 Mar 04. The total duration of Saros series 90 is 1478.47 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0134 Sep 28 15:55:39 TD
Last Eclipse = 1345 Mar 04 22:47:14 TD
Duration of Saros 90 = 1478.47 Years
Saros 90 is composed of 83 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 90 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 83 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 41 | 49.4% |
| Annular | A | 0 | 0.0% |
| Total | T | 40 | 48.2% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 90 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 90 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 42 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 83 eclipses in Saros 90: 20P 2H 40T 21P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 90 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 0804 Apr 13 Duration = 06m03s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 0263 May 24 Duration = 01m30s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 0245 May 13 Duration = 00m48s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 0227 May 03 Duration = 00m05s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0984 Jul 31 Magnitude = 0.9871
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1345 Mar 04 Magnitude = 0.0325
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 90 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 090 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -37 -0134 Sep 28 15:55:39 11853 -26385 Pb -1.5411 0.0433 60.7S 102.7W 0 92
02 -36 -0116 Oct 08 23:39:19 11657 -26162 P -1.5142 0.0890 60.8S 131.9E 0 101
03 -35 -0098 Oct 20 07:32:27 11463 -25939 P -1.4940 0.1233 61.1S 4.2E 0 110
04 -34 -0080 Oct 30 15:31:59 11272 -25716 P -1.4782 0.1498 61.5S 125.3W 0 119
05 -33 -0062 Nov 10 23:38:44 11082 -25493 P -1.4676 0.1675 62.2S 103.3E 0 128
06 -32 -0044 Nov 21 07:49:10 10894 -25270 P -1.4592 0.1812 62.9S 29.2W 0 138
07 -31 -0026 Dec 02 16:02:20 10708 -25047 P -1.4526 0.1916 63.8S 162.6W 0 148
08 -30 -0008 Dec 13 00:16:16 10524 -24824 P -1.4460 0.2020 64.7S 63.4E 0 158
09 -29 0010 Dec 24 08:29:33 10341 -24601 P -1.4384 0.2138 65.8S 70.7W 0 168
10 -28 0029 Jan 03 16:40:00 10159 -24378 P -1.4276 0.2309 66.9S 155.4E 0 179
11 -27 0047 Jan 15 00:46:09 9979 -24155 P -1.4127 0.2553 68.0S 22.0E 0 191
12 -26 0065 Jan 25 08:47:30 9801 -23932 P -1.3930 0.2879 69.0S 110.8W 0 202
13 -25 0083 Feb 05 16:42:51 9623 -23709 P -1.3681 0.3299 69.9S 117.4E 0 215
14 -24 0101 Feb 16 00:30:33 9447 -23486 P -1.3358 0.3853 70.7S 13.2W 0 228
15 -23 0119 Feb 27 08:11:25 9272 -23263 P -1.2970 0.4527 71.4S 142.6W 0 241
16 -22 0137 Mar 09 15:44:51 9097 -23040 P -1.2511 0.5335 71.8S 89.5E 0 254
17 -21 0155 Mar 20 23:12:18 8924 -22817 P -1.1993 0.6259 71.9S 37.2W 0 268
18 -20 0173 Mar 31 06:31:47 8751 -22594 P -1.1400 0.7329 71.9S 161.9W 0 282
19 -19 0191 Apr 11 13:46:44 8579 -22371 P -1.0759 0.8499 71.5S 74.7E 0 296
20 -18 0209 Apr 21 20:55:53 8408 -22148 P -1.0056 0.9794 71.0S 46.8W 0 309
21 -17 0227 May 03 04:02:14 8237 -21925 H -0.9320 1.0011 51.9S 171.7E 21 340 10 00m05s
22 -16 0245 May 13 11:05:04 8067 -21702 H2 -0.8543 1.0086 39.9S 56.4E 31 348 57 00m48s
23 -15 0263 May 24 18:08:00 7897 -21479 T -0.7755 1.0151 30.1S 55.4W 39 354 82 01m30s
24 -14 0281 Jun 04 01:11:00 7728 -21256 T -0.6954 1.0205 21.7S 165.5W 46 358 97 02m08s
25 -13 0299 Jun 15 08:15:24 7558 -21033 T -0.6154 1.0251 14.6S 85.2E 52 2 108 02m40s
26 -12 0317 Jun 25 15:23:13 7389 -20810 T -0.5370 1.0288 8.7S 24.1W 57 6 116 03m04s
27 -11 0335 Jul 06 22:34:59 7219 -20587 T -0.4608 1.0319 4.0S 133.7W 63 11 121 03m20s
28 -10 0353 Jul 17 05:53:15 7050 -20364 T -0.3890 1.0341 0.6S 115.7E 67 15 124 03m27s
29 -09 0371 Jul 28 13:16:47 6880 -20141 T -0.3207 1.0357 1.6N 4.2E 71 19 126 03m30s
30 -08 0389 Aug 07 20:49:26 6711 -19918 T -0.2590 1.0366 2.6N 109.4W 75 22 127 03m28s
31 -07 0407 Aug 19 04:29:24 6540 -19695 T -0.2024 1.0371 2.5N 135.4E 78 25 127 03m24s
32 -06 0425 Aug 29 12:19:01 6370 -19472 T -0.1534 1.0371 1.3N 17.6E 81 27 126 03m19s
33 -05 0443 Sep 09 20:16:39 6199 -19249 T -0.1104 1.0368 0.5S 102.3W 84 29 124 03m14s
34 -04 0461 Sep 20 04:24:35 6027 -19026 T -0.0755 1.0364 3.1S 135.1E 86 29 123 03m09s
35 -03 0479 Oct 01 12:40:26 5854 -18803 T -0.0466 1.0358 6.0S 10.4E 87 29 121 03m06s
36 -02 0497 Oct 11 21:04:41 5681 -18580 T -0.0243 1.0354 9.2S 116.3W 89 27 119 03m04s
37 -01 0515 Oct 23 05:36:13 5507 -18357 T -0.0076 1.0351 12.5S 115.1E 89 22 118 03m04s
38 00 0533 Nov 02 14:15:16 5332 -18134 T 0.0028 1.0350 15.6S 15.1W 90 233 118 03m06s
39 01 0551 Nov 13 22:58:50 5156 -17911 T 0.0101 1.0354 18.4S 146.2W 90 205 119 03m10s
40 02 0569 Nov 24 07:46:44 4976 -17688 T 0.0140 1.0361 20.6S 81.9E 89 199 121 03m17s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 03 0587 Dec 05 16:36:28 4797 -17465 T 0.0167 1.0373 22.1S 50.2W 89 194 125 03m26s
42 04 0605 Dec 16 01:28:09 4629 -17242 Tm 0.0181 1.0389 22.7S 177.4E 89 188 131 03m37s
43 05 0623 Dec 27 10:17:25 4485 -17019 T 0.0217 1.0412 22.2S 45.8E 89 182 138 03m51s
44 06 0642 Jan 06 19:05:52 4342 -16796 T 0.0263 1.0437 20.8S 85.8W 89 177 146 04m06s
45 07 0660 Jan 18 03:49:03 4178 -16573 T 0.0354 1.0468 18.2S 143.4E 88 173 156 04m22s
46 08 0678 Jan 28 12:28:34 3998 -16350 T 0.0480 1.0501 14.8S 13.1E 87 169 166 04m40s
47 09 0696 Feb 08 20:59:58 3818 -16127 T 0.0674 1.0537 10.3S 115.9W 86 166 178 04m58s
48 10 0714 Feb 19 05:26:24 3667 -15904 T 0.0914 1.0574 5.2S 116.1E 85 164 190 05m15s
49 11 0732 Mar 01 13:43:50 3523 -15681 T 0.1226 1.0611 0.7N 10.1W 83 163 202 05m32s
50 12 0750 Mar 12 21:54:22 3380 -15458 T 0.1600 1.0647 7.0N 135.0W 81 162 214 05m46s
51 13 0768 Mar 23 05:55:58 3236 -15235 T 0.2050 1.0679 13.9N 102.2E 78 162 226 05m56s
52 14 0786 Apr 03 13:51:28 3092 -15012 T 0.2552 1.0709 21.0N 19.1W 75 162 238 06m02s
53 15 0804 Apr 13 21:39:23 2949 -14789 T 0.3118 1.0732 28.3N 138.3W 72 163 250 06m03s
54 16 0822 Apr 25 05:20:58 2805 -14566 T 0.3737 1.0750 35.8N 104.4E 68 164 262 05m58s
55 17 0840 May 05 12:57:06 2661 -14343 T 0.4402 1.0759 43.3N 10.8W 64 166 274 05m46s
56 18 0858 May 16 20:29:15 2517 -14120 T 0.5102 1.0760 50.7N 123.8W 59 170 287 05m30s
57 19 0876 May 27 03:57:56 2374 -13897 T 0.5830 1.0753 57.9N 126.0E 54 175 301 05m10s
58 20 0894 Jun 07 11:24:26 2230 -13674 T 0.6575 1.0736 64.6N 19.5E 49 183 318 04m47s
59 21 0912 Jun 17 18:50:25 2111 -13451 T 0.7322 1.0708 70.4N 81.2W 43 196 340 04m21s
60 22 0930 Jun 29 02:17:19 2003 -13228 T 0.8061 1.0671 74.4N 173.1W 36 218 372 03m55s
61 23 0948 Jul 09 09:44:37 1896 -13005 T 0.8793 1.0621 75.4N 104.4E 28 248 431 03m27s
62 24 0966 Jul 20 17:15:22 1788 -12782 T 0.9492 1.0556 72.4N 23.2E 18 279 597 02m55s
63 25 0984 Jul 31 00:49:12 1680 -12559 P 1.0161 0.9871 62.4N 58.2W 0 309
64 26 1002 Aug 11 08:28:52 1575 -12336 P 1.0778 0.8675 61.8N 177.4E 0 301
65 27 1020 Aug 21 16:12:38 1486 -12113 P 1.1354 0.7563 61.4N 52.3E 0 292
66 28 1038 Sep 02 00:04:02 1396 -11890 P 1.1865 0.6587 61.1N 74.7W 0 283
67 29 1056 Sep 12 08:01:37 1306 -11667 P 1.2319 0.5725 60.9N 156.8E 0 274
68 30 1074 Sep 23 16:06:44 1216 -11444 P 1.2706 0.4998 60.9N 26.5E 0 265
69 31 1092 Oct 04 00:18:28 1127 -11221 P 1.3034 0.4387 61.1N 105.5W 0 256
70 32 1110 Oct 15 08:37:44 1048 -10998 P 1.3297 0.3905 61.4N 120.6E 0 247
71 33 1128 Oct 25 17:03:22 976 -10775 P 1.3504 0.3528 61.9N 14.9W 0 238
72 34 1146 Nov 06 01:33:49 904 -10552 P 1.3669 0.3233 62.6N 151.8W 0 228
73 35 1164 Nov 16 10:09:43 847 -10329 P 1.3785 0.3027 63.4N 69.8E 0 219
74 36 1182 Nov 27 18:48:43 794 -10106 P 1.3869 0.2883 64.3N 69.7W 0 209
75 37 1200 Dec 08 03:30:03 740 -9883 P 1.3933 0.2771 65.3N 149.9E 0 198
76 38 1218 Dec 19 12:10:11 686 -9660 P 1.4002 0.2653 66.3N 9.5E 0 188
77 39 1236 Dec 29 20:49:58 632 -9437 P 1.4069 0.2537 67.4N 131.4W 0 177
78 40 1255 Jan 10 05:25:56 581 -9214 P 1.4160 0.2376 68.5N 88.1E 0 165
79 41 1273 Jan 20 13:57:10 534 -8991 P 1.4282 0.2159 69.5N 51.8W 0 153
80 42 1291 Jan 31 22:21:43 487 -8768 P 1.4452 0.1856 70.4N 169.3E 0 140
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
81 43 1309 Feb 11 06:39:24 448 -8545 P 1.4670 0.1465 71.1N 31.6E 0 127
82 44 1327 Feb 22 14:47:53 416 -8322 P 1.4956 0.0953 71.6N 104.3W 0 114
83 45 1345 Mar 04 22:47:14 384 -8099 Pe 1.5306 0.0325 71.9N 121.7E 0 100
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
