The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 92 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0076 Aug 19. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1240 Oct 16. The total duration of Saros series 92 is 1316.20 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0076 Aug 19 05:01:57 TD
Last Eclipse = 1240 Oct 16 21:30:05 TD
Duration of Saros 92 = 1316.20 Years
Saros 92 is composed of 74 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 92 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 74 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 34 | 45.9% |
| Annular | A | 40 | 54.1% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 92 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 92 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 74 eclipses in Saros 92: 23P 40A 11P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 92 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0717 Dec 07 Duration = 09m43s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1024 Jun 09 Duration = 00m10s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0321 Apr 14 Magnitude = 0.9159
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1240 Oct 16 Magnitude = 0.0237
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 92 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 092 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -35 -0076 Aug 19 05:01:57 11232 -25669 Pb -1.5314 0.0299 61.8S 89.8E 0 59
02 -34 -0058 Aug 30 12:36:27 11042 -25446 P -1.4902 0.1066 61.4S 33.6W 0 68
03 -33 -0040 Sep 09 20:17:29 10855 -25223 P -1.4549 0.1720 61.0S 158.4W 0 77
04 -32 -0022 Sep 21 04:06:06 10669 -25000 P -1.4264 0.2245 60.9S 75.0E 0 86
05 -31 -0004 Oct 01 12:01:46 10485 -24777 P -1.4041 0.2653 60.9S 53.4W 0 95
06 -30 0014 Oct 12 20:04:10 10302 -24554 P -1.3880 0.2948 61.0S 176.6E 0 104
07 -29 0032 Oct 23 04:12:28 10121 -24331 P -1.3773 0.3144 61.4S 45.0E 0 113
08 -28 0050 Nov 03 12:25:52 9942 -24108 P -1.3712 0.3258 61.9S 88.0W 0 123
09 -27 0068 Nov 13 20:42:55 9763 -23885 P -1.3687 0.3308 62.5S 138.0E 0 132
10 -26 0086 Nov 25 05:01:20 9586 -23662 P -1.3680 0.3327 63.3S 3.4E 0 142
11 -25 0104 Dec 05 13:20:54 9410 -23439 P -1.3687 0.3318 64.2S 131.7W 0 152
12 -24 0122 Dec 16 21:38:59 9235 -23216 P -1.3693 0.3311 65.2S 93.2E 0 162
13 -23 0140 Dec 27 05:53:56 9061 -22993 P -1.3677 0.3339 66.2S 41.5W 0 173
14 -22 0159 Jan 07 14:03:20 8888 -22770 P -1.3623 0.3432 67.3S 175.3W 0 184
15 -21 0177 Jan 17 22:06:44 8715 -22547 P -1.3529 0.3592 68.4S 51.8E 0 195
16 -20 0195 Jan 29 06:02:37 8543 -22324 P -1.3383 0.3840 69.4S 79.8W 0 207
17 -19 0213 Feb 08 13:48:25 8372 -22101 P -1.3162 0.4215 70.3S 150.6E 0 220
18 -18 0231 Feb 19 21:25:10 8202 -21878 P -1.2876 0.4702 71.0S 22.6E 0 233
19 -17 0249 Mar 02 04:51:05 8031 -21655 P -1.2506 0.5333 71.5S 103.2W 0 246
20 -16 0267 Mar 13 12:07:39 7861 -21432 P -1.2067 0.6083 71.9S 133.0E 0 260
21 -15 0285 Mar 23 19:12:28 7692 -21209 P -1.1538 0.6989 71.9S 12.0E 0 274
22 -14 0303 Apr 04 02:09:00 7522 -20986 P -1.0945 0.8007 71.8S 106.9W 0 287
23 -13 0321 Apr 14 08:55:50 7353 -20763 P -1.0274 0.9159 71.4S 136.9E 0 301
24 -12 0339 Apr 25 15:35:16 7184 -20540 A -0.9545 0.9409 57.0S 0.5E 17 334 745 05m24s
25 -11 0357 May 05 22:07:36 7014 -20317 A -0.8758 0.9440 43.6S 110.2W 29 345 427 05m58s
26 -10 0375 May 17 04:35:36 6845 -20094 A -0.7934 0.9459 32.9S 145.7E 37 351 327 06m26s
27 -09 0393 May 27 11:00:05 6675 -19871 A -0.7081 0.9471 23.6S 44.7E 45 356 276 06m50s
28 -08 0411 Jun 07 17:21:39 6504 -19648 A -0.6202 0.9476 15.5S 54.4W 52 360 246 07m08s
29 -07 0429 Jun 17 23:43:27 6334 -19425 A -0.5325 0.9475 8.6S 152.4W 58 4 228 07m19s
30 -06 0447 Jun 29 06:05:57 6162 -19202 A -0.4449 0.9469 2.7S 110.2E 64 8 218 07m23s
31 -05 0465 Jul 09 12:31:50 5991 -18979 A -0.3603 0.9459 1.9N 12.8E 69 12 213 07m21s
32 -04 0483 Jul 20 19:01:07 5818 -18756 A -0.2782 0.9444 5.3N 85.0W 74 16 213 07m18s
33 -03 0501 Jul 31 01:37:16 5645 -18533 A -0.2016 0.9427 7.4N 176.0E 78 20 216 07m14s
34 -02 0519 Aug 11 08:20:20 5470 -18310 A -0.1304 0.9406 8.4N 75.4E 83 24 222 07m14s
35 -01 0537 Aug 21 15:10:51 5295 -18087 A -0.0653 0.9384 8.4N 27.0W 86 27 229 07m17s
36 00 0555 Sep 01 22:10:46 5118 -17864 A -0.0076 0.9360 7.4N 132.0W 90 32 238 07m25s
37 01 0573 Sep 12 05:19:53 4938 -17641 A 0.0425 0.9338 5.7N 120.6E 88 209 247 07m36s
38 02 0591 Sep 23 12:39:49 4759 -17418 Am 0.0843 0.9317 3.4N 10.2E 85 209 256 07m51s
39 03 0609 Oct 03 20:07:39 4599 -17195 A 0.1201 0.9298 0.9N 102.2W 83 209 265 08m09s
40 04 0627 Oct 15 03:46:30 4455 -16972 A 0.1470 0.9282 1.9S 142.5E 82 207 272 08m30s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 05 0645 Oct 25 11:32:44 4311 -16749 A 0.1682 0.9271 4.5S 25.3E 80 205 277 08m51s
42 06 0663 Nov 05 19:27:43 4140 -16526 A 0.1826 0.9265 7.1S 94.2W 80 202 281 09m12s
43 07 0681 Nov 16 03:27:16 3960 -16303 A 0.1936 0.9264 9.2S 145.3E 79 198 282 09m29s
44 08 0699 Nov 27 11:32:43 3781 -16080 A 0.2003 0.9270 10.7S 23.4E 79 194 280 09m40s
45 09 0717 Dec 07 19:39:54 3637 -15857 A 0.2059 0.9282 11.6S 98.6W 78 190 275 09m43s
46 10 0735 Dec 19 03:48:28 3493 -15634 A 0.2107 0.9301 11.6S 139.0E 78 185 268 09m35s
47 11 0753 Dec 29 11:55:43 3349 -15411 A 0.2170 0.9326 10.6S 16.9E 78 181 258 09m16s
48 12 0772 Jan 09 20:01:18 3206 -15188 A 0.2248 0.9358 8.7S 105.0W 77 176 245 08m46s
49 13 0790 Jan 20 04:01:48 3062 -14965 A 0.2375 0.9396 5.8S 134.1E 76 172 230 08m07s
50 14 0808 Jan 31 11:57:31 2918 -14742 A 0.2548 0.9439 1.9S 13.9E 75 169 214 07m22s
51 15 0826 Feb 10 19:46:24 2775 -14519 A 0.2780 0.9487 2.8N 104.9W 74 166 196 06m32s
52 16 0844 Feb 22 03:29:45 2631 -14296 A 0.3065 0.9538 8.3N 137.2E 72 164 177 05m41s
53 17 0862 Mar 04 11:03:38 2487 -14073 A 0.3434 0.9591 14.5N 21.3E 70 162 158 04m49s
54 18 0880 Mar 14 18:31:57 2343 -13850 A 0.3857 0.9645 21.2N 93.4W 67 161 138 03m59s
55 19 0898 Mar 26 01:51:40 2200 -13627 A 0.4361 0.9700 28.5N 153.8E 64 160 119 03m12s
56 20 0916 Apr 05 09:06:41 2088 -13404 A 0.4911 0.9753 36.1N 42.3E 60 160 101 02m28s
57 21 0934 Apr 16 16:13:20 1981 -13181 A 0.5538 0.9804 44.2N 67.0W 56 160 83 01m50s
58 22 0952 Apr 26 23:17:22 1873 -12958 A 0.6195 0.9851 52.5N 175.3W 51 160 67 01m17s
59 23 0970 May 08 06:15:56 1765 -12735 A 0.6907 0.9892 61.3N 78.4E 46 161 52 00m51s
60 24 0988 May 18 13:13:08 1658 -12512 A 0.7637 0.9929 70.2N 25.9W 40 164 39 00m31s
61 25 1006 May 29 20:07:43 1556 -12289 A 0.8397 0.9955 79.8N 124.8W 33 171 29 00m18s
62 26 1024 Jun 09 03:04:03 1467 -12066 A 0.9150 0.9971 87.6N 130.1W 23 271 25 00m10s
63 27 1042 Jun 20 10:01:14 1377 -11843 A 0.9903 0.9958 71.9N 167.7W 7 339 126 00m13s
64 28 1060 Jun 30 17:01:02 1287 -11620 P 1.0642 0.8763 64.6N 82.9E 0 334
65 29 1078 Jul 12 00:05:18 1197 -11397 P 1.1351 0.7474 63.7N 33.2W 0 325
66 30 1096 Jul 22 07:15:03 1108 -11174 P 1.2025 0.6245 63.0N 150.3W 0 316
67 31 1114 Aug 02 14:31:46 1033 -10951 P 1.2648 0.5104 62.3N 91.1E 0 307
68 32 1132 Aug 12 21:55:23 961 -10728 P 1.3223 0.4048 61.8N 29.1W 0 298
69 33 1150 Aug 24 05:28:34 890 -10505 P 1.3729 0.3118 61.4N 151.6W 0 289
70 34 1168 Sep 03 13:10:27 836 -10282 P 1.4174 0.2298 61.2N 84.0E 0 280
71 35 1186 Sep 14 21:01:17 782 -10059 P 1.4555 0.1598 61.1N 42.7W 0 271
72 36 1204 Sep 25 05:01:33 729 -9836 P 1.4869 0.1021 61.1N 171.7W 0 262
73 37 1222 Oct 06 13:11:29 675 -9613 P 1.5111 0.0576 61.4N 56.8E 0 253
74 38 1240 Oct 16 21:30:05 621 -9390 Pe 1.5295 0.0237 61.7N 76.9W 0 244
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
