The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 95 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0047 Jul 11. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1309 Aug 06. The total duration of Saros series 95 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0047 Jul 11 18:20:49 TD
Last Eclipse = 1309 Aug 06 09:38:14 TD
Duration of Saros 95 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 95 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 95 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 30 | 42.3% |
| Annular | A | 41 | 57.7% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 95 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 95 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 41 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 40 | 97.6% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.4% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 95: 22P 41A 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 95 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0768 Sep 15 Duration = 08m00s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1165 May 12 Duration = 00m28s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1183 May 23 Magnitude = 0.9797
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0047 Jul 11 Magnitude = 0.0174
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 95 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 095 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -35 0047 Jul 11 18:20:49 9974 -24149 Pb 1.5350 0.0174 67.2N 122.7E 0 356
02 -34 0065 Jul 22 01:29:10 9796 -23926 P 1.4729 0.1325 68.2N 3.8E 0 346
03 -33 0083 Aug 02 08:41:17 9618 -23703 P 1.4145 0.2399 69.2N 116.6W 0 334
04 -32 0101 Aug 12 15:58:57 9442 -23480 P 1.3610 0.3372 70.0N 121.0E 0 322
05 -31 0119 Aug 23 23:23:07 9267 -23257 P 1.3133 0.4232 70.8N 3.6W 0 310
06 -30 0137 Sep 03 06:54:33 9093 -23034 P 1.2722 0.4962 71.4N 130.6W 0 297
07 -29 0155 Sep 14 14:32:13 8919 -22811 P 1.2368 0.5584 71.7N 100.4E 0 283
08 -28 0173 Sep 24 22:18:14 8747 -22588 P 1.2090 0.6067 71.9N 31.0W 0 269
09 -27 0191 Oct 06 06:10:58 8575 -22365 P 1.1871 0.6441 71.7N 164.1W 0 255
10 -26 0209 Oct 16 14:10:27 8404 -22142 P 1.1714 0.6705 71.3N 61.4E 0 241
11 -25 0227 Oct 27 22:15:17 8233 -21919 P 1.1606 0.6881 70.7N 74.0W 0 227
12 -24 0245 Nov 07 06:25:01 8063 -21696 P 1.1545 0.6978 69.9N 149.9E 0 214
13 -23 0263 Nov 18 14:38:13 7893 -21473 P 1.1518 0.7018 69.0N 13.6E 0 202
14 -22 0281 Nov 28 22:52:13 7723 -21250 P 1.1503 0.7038 67.9N 122.2W 0 190
15 -21 0299 Dec 10 07:07:16 7554 -21027 P 1.1501 0.7037 66.8N 102.3E 0 179
16 -20 0317 Dec 20 15:19:59 7384 -20804 P 1.1482 0.7066 65.8N 32.1W 0 168
17 -19 0335 Dec 31 23:29:52 7215 -20581 P 1.1448 0.7123 64.7N 165.3W 0 157
18 -18 0354 Jan 11 07:33:10 7045 -20358 P 1.1363 0.7266 63.8N 63.5E 0 147
19 -17 0372 Jan 22 15:31:22 6876 -20135 P 1.1241 0.7473 62.9N 66.1W 0 138
20 -16 0390 Feb 01 23:20:58 6706 -19912 P 1.1050 0.7797 62.2N 166.7E 0 128
21 -15 0408 Feb 13 07:01:38 6536 -19689 P 1.0792 0.8238 61.6N 41.9E 0 119
22 -14 0426 Feb 23 14:32:13 6365 -19466 P 1.0456 0.8811 61.1N 80.2W 0 110
23 -13 0444 Mar 05 21:53:09 6194 -19243 A+ 1.0045 0.9513 60.8N 160.2E 0 101 - -
24 -12 0462 Mar 17 05:04:02 6022 -19020 A 0.9555 0.9323 56.3N 74.1E 17 119 850 05m24s
25 -11 0480 Mar 27 12:04:20 5850 -18797 A 0.8980 0.9358 54.3N 23.8W 26 124 530 05m16s
26 -10 0498 Apr 07 18:55:52 5677 -18574 A 0.8337 0.9389 53.5N 121.3W 33 129 401 05m08s
27 -09 0516 Apr 18 01:38:56 5502 -18351 A 0.7628 0.9415 53.1N 143.1E 40 134 329 05m01s
28 -08 0534 Apr 29 08:14:13 5327 -18128 A 0.6856 0.9438 52.6N 49.9E 46 140 282 04m58s
29 -07 0552 May 09 14:43:48 5151 -17905 A 0.6037 0.9455 51.6N 41.6W 53 146 250 05m00s
30 -06 0570 May 20 21:08:33 4971 -17682 A 0.5179 0.9470 49.8N 132.1W 59 154 227 05m06s
31 -05 0588 May 31 03:31:10 4792 -17459 A 0.4303 0.9478 47.1N 137.3E 64 161 212 05m18s
32 -04 0606 Jun 11 09:50:53 4625 -17236 A 0.3401 0.9483 43.1N 46.4E 70 168 202 05m35s
33 -03 0624 Jun 21 16:12:34 4481 -17013 A 0.2517 0.9481 38.3N 46.2W 75 174 197 05m56s
34 -02 0642 Jul 02 22:35:07 4338 -16790 A 0.1639 0.9477 32.6N 140.4W 80 180 195 06m21s
35 -01 0660 Jul 13 05:02:57 4173 -16567 A 0.0801 0.9468 26.4N 122.8E 85 184 197 06m46s
36 00 0678 Jul 24 11:34:07 3993 -16344 Am -0.0011 0.9455 19.6N 24.1E 90 172 201 07m10s
37 01 0696 Aug 03 18:13:52 3814 -16121 A -0.0754 0.9439 12.6N 77.5W 86 11 208 07m30s
38 02 0714 Aug 15 00:59:30 3663 -15898 A -0.1449 0.9420 5.4N 179.0E 82 14 217 07m46s
39 03 0732 Aug 25 07:54:41 3519 -15675 A -0.2066 0.9401 1.8S 72.7E 78 16 226 07m55s
40 04 0750 Sep 05 14:57:59 3376 -15452 A -0.2620 0.9381 8.9S 35.7W 75 17 238 08m00s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 05 0768 Sep 15 22:12:37 3232 -15229 A -0.3084 0.9362 15.8S 147.0W 72 18 249 08m00s
42 06 0786 Sep 27 05:36:17 3088 -15006 A -0.3475 0.9344 22.4S 99.8E 70 19 260 07m57s
43 07 0804 Oct 07 13:09:48 2945 -14783 A -0.3789 0.9329 28.6S 15.5W 68 19 270 07m52s
44 08 0822 Oct 18 20:52:23 2801 -14560 A -0.4031 0.9318 34.4S 132.3W 66 18 278 07m45s
45 09 0840 Oct 29 04:43:55 2657 -14337 A -0.4208 0.9311 39.4S 109.5E 65 16 284 07m35s
46 10 0858 Nov 09 12:41:59 2514 -14114 A -0.4334 0.9309 43.7S 9.1W 64 12 287 07m24s
47 11 0876 Nov 19 20:46:20 2370 -13891 A -0.4415 0.9313 47.1S 128.1W 64 8 287 07m11s
48 12 0894 Dec 01 04:54:33 2226 -13668 A -0.4470 0.9324 49.4S 113.1E 63 2 283 06m56s
49 13 0912 Dec 11 13:06:23 2108 -13445 A -0.4504 0.9341 50.4S 5.7W 63 355 276 06m38s
50 14 0930 Dec 22 21:17:36 2001 -13222 A -0.4550 0.9364 50.3S 124.1W 63 348 266 06m17s
51 15 0949 Jan 02 05:29:26 1893 -12999 A -0.4598 0.9394 49.1S 117.0E 62 341 253 05m54s
52 16 0967 Jan 13 13:37:19 1785 -12776 A -0.4687 0.9430 47.0S 1.8W 62 336 238 05m28s
53 17 0985 Jan 23 21:42:16 1677 -12553 A -0.4805 0.9472 44.3S 120.7W 61 331 221 05m00s
54 18 1003 Feb 04 05:40:06 1573 -12330 A -0.4990 0.9517 41.5S 121.5E 60 328 202 04m31s
55 19 1021 Feb 14 13:33:29 1483 -12107 A -0.5218 0.9568 38.5S 4.0E 58 326 182 04m01s
56 20 1039 Feb 25 21:18:55 1393 -11884 A -0.5521 0.9620 35.8S 111.8W 56 325 163 03m31s
57 21 1057 Mar 08 04:57:18 1304 -11661 A -0.5888 0.9675 33.6S 133.7E 54 325 142 03m01s
58 22 1075 Mar 19 12:27:45 1214 -11438 A -0.6326 0.9728 32.2S 21.0E 51 325 123 02m32s
59 23 1093 Mar 29 19:51:50 1124 -11215 A -0.6824 0.9782 31.6S 90.2W 47 326 103 02m02s
60 24 1111 Apr 10 03:09:37 1046 -10992 A -0.7383 0.9832 32.3S 160.2E 42 328 86 01m34s
61 25 1129 Apr 20 10:21:11 974 -10769 A -0.8000 0.9879 34.5S 52.1E 37 330 69 01m08s
62 26 1147 May 01 17:28:51 902 -10546 A -0.8658 0.9918 38.7S 54.9W 30 333 57 00m45s
63 27 1165 May 12 00:33:05 846 -10323 A -0.9349 0.9946 46.0S 160.3W 20 334 53 00m28s
64 28 1183 May 23 07:34:59 792 -10100 P -1.0067 0.9797 63.9S 104.2E 0 327
65 29 1201 Jun 02 14:35:50 738 -9877 P -1.0802 0.8474 64.8S 11.0W 0 337
66 30 1219 Jun 13 21:37:18 685 -9654 P -1.1537 0.7138 65.7S 126.6W 0 346
67 31 1237 Jun 24 04:41:09 631 -9431 P -1.2260 0.5814 66.7S 116.7E 0 356
68 32 1255 Jul 05 11:47:02 579 -9208 P -1.2971 0.4503 67.7S 0.9W 0 7
69 33 1273 Jul 15 18:58:15 533 -8985 P -1.3644 0.3257 68.7S 120.3W 0 18
70 34 1291 Jul 27 02:14:27 486 -8762 P -1.4280 0.2075 69.6S 118.6E 0 29
71 35 1309 Aug 06 09:38:14 447 -8539 Pe -1.4863 0.0990 70.4S 5.1W 0 42
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
