Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 99

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 99

Solar eclipses of Saros 99 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0235 Jun 03. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1515 Jul 11. The total duration of Saros series 99 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   0235 Jun 03   07:49:57 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   1515 Jul 11   13:36:52 TD

                      Duration of Saros  99  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 99 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 99
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 15 20.8%
AnnularA 18 25.0%
TotalT 37 51.4%
Hybrid[3]H 2 2.8%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 99 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 99
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 57100.0%
Central (two limits) 56 98.2%
Central (one limit) 1 1.8%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 99: 7P 18A 2H 37T 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 99 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 99
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 0505 Nov 1104m39s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 0668 Feb 1800m23s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 0920 Jul 1805m59s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 0722 Mar 2101m23s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0704 Mar 1000m49s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0686 Feb 2800m14s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 1389 Apr 26 - 0.99439
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 1515 Jul 11 - 0.01529

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 99

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 99. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 99.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 99

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

05339 -35  0235 Jun 03  07:49:57   8264 -21825   Pb   1.5417  0.0318  64.0N  51.6W   0             
05380 -34  0253 Jun 13  14:16:07   8093 -21602   P    1.4545  0.1817  64.9N 158.5W   0             
05421 -33  0271 Jun 24  20:44:32   7920 -21379   P    1.3681  0.3308  65.9N  93.6E   0             
05461 -32  0289 Jul 05  03:18:00   7747 -21156   P    1.2845  0.4754  66.9N  16.0W   0             
05500 -31  0307 Jul 16  09:55:38   7573 -20933   P    1.2031  0.6164  67.9N 127.0W   0             
05539 -30  0325 Jul 26  16:41:44   7398 -20710   P    1.1276  0.7472  68.9N 119.3E   0             
05579 -29  0343 Aug 06  23:35:10   7222 -20487   P    1.0571  0.8695  69.8N   3.1E   0             
05619 -28  0361 Aug 17  06:38:48   7046 -20264   An   0.9936  0.9481  73.8N 128.0W   5   -   03m12s
05660 -27  0379 Aug 28  13:51:24   6869 -20041   A    0.9364  0.9517  71.7N  55.2E  20  511  03m28s
05701 -26  0397 Sep 07  21:15:23   6691 -19818   A    0.8876  0.9531  63.2N  76.1W  27  372  03m43s

05742 -25  0415 Sep 19  04:49:16   6513 -19595   A    0.8460  0.9539  55.3N 160.3E  32  314  03m58s
05783 -24  0433 Sep 29  12:33:08   6334 -19372   A    0.8118  0.9546  48.3N  37.5E  35  281  04m11s
05823 -23  0451 Oct 10  20:27:02   6156 -19149   A    0.7850  0.9551  42.2N  86.3W  38  262  04m24s
05865 -22  0469 Oct 21  04:30:00   5978 -18926   A    0.7646  0.9559  36.9N 148.4E  40  247  04m33s
05908 -21  0487 Nov 01  12:41:08   5801 -18703   A    0.7505  0.9568  32.6N  21.6E  41  236  04m39s
05952 -20  0505 Nov 11  20:57:42   5625 -18480   A    0.7399  0.9582  29.0N 106.2W  42  225  04m39s
05996 -19  0523 Nov 23  05:20:29   5448 -18257   A    0.7339  0.9601  26.3N 124.6E  43  213  04m33s
06041 -18  0541 Dec 03  13:45:53   5272 -18034   A    0.7288  0.9625  24.3N   5.0W  43  199  04m19s
06088 -17  0559 Dec 14  22:13:23   5098 -17811   A    0.7250  0.9655  23.0N 135.1W  43  181  03m58s
06134 -16  0577 Dec 25  06:39:51   4925 -17588   A    0.7194  0.9691  22.2N  95.2E  44  160  03m30s

06180 -15  0596 Jan 05  15:05:31   4753 -17365   A    0.7123  0.9733  22.0N  34.2W  44  135  02m56s
06225 -14  0614 Jan 15  23:27:23   4583 -17142   A    0.7011  0.9782  22.2N 162.5W  45  108  02m19s
06270 -13  0632 Jan 27  07:45:01   4414 -16919   A    0.6856  0.9836  22.7N  70.5E  47   78  01m40s
06315 -12  0650 Feb 06  15:56:44   4247 -16696   A    0.6641  0.9896  23.5N  54.7W  48   48  01m01s
06362 -11  0668 Feb 18  00:02:44   4081 -16473   A    0.6371  0.9959  24.5N 178.1W  50   18  00m23s
06407 -10  0686 Feb 28  08:00:49   3917 -16250   H    0.6026  1.0026  25.7N  61.0E  53   11  00m14s
06451 -09  0704 Mar 10  15:52:29   3755 -16027   H    0.5619  1.0093  27.1N  57.8W  56   38  00m49s
06494 -08  0722 Mar 21  23:36:39   3596 -15804   T    0.5141  1.0162  28.5N 174.2W  59   64  01m23s
06536 -07  0740 Apr 01  07:15:31   3439 -15581   T    0.4609  1.0229  29.8N  71.4E  62   87  01m55s
06578 -06  0758 Apr 12  14:46:19   3284 -15358   T    0.4002  1.0295  30.8N  40.4W  66  108  02m27s

06619 -05  0776 Apr 22  22:13:29   3133 -15135   T    0.3357  1.0356  31.4N 150.8W  70  127  02m58s
06661 -04  0794 May 04  05:34:59   2984 -14912   T    0.2658  1.0413  31.2N 100.6E  74  143  03m30s
06702 -03  0812 May 14  12:55:16   2839 -14689   T    0.1939  1.0464  30.3N   7.6W  79  157  04m00s
06743 -02  0830 May 25  20:11:21   2697 -14466   T    0.1178  1.0508  28.4N 114.9W  83  170  04m31s
06782 -01  0848 Jun 05  03:29:17   2559 -14243   T    0.0424  1.0545  25.6N 137.0E  87  180  04m59s
06822  00  0866 Jun 16  10:46:25   2425 -14020   T   -0.0341  1.0574  21.8N  28.4E  88  189  05m24s
06862  01  0884 Jun 26  18:06:43   2295 -13797   Tm  -0.1087  1.0596  17.2N  81.6W  84  197  05m43s
06902  02  0902 Jul 08  01:28:49   2169 -13574   T   -0.1825  1.0609  11.7N 167.1E  80  203  05m55s
06942  03  0920 Jul 18  08:56:43   2047 -13351   T   -0.2519  1.0615   5.8N  53.7E  75  209  05m59s
06983  04  0938 Jul 29  16:29:29   1929 -13128   T   -0.3177  1.0614   0.5S  61.5W  71  212  05m55s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 99

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

07024  05  0956 Aug 09  00:08:26   1816 -12905   T   -0.3787  1.0607   7.2S 178.7W  68  215  05m43s
07065  06  0974 Aug 20  07:54:38   1707 -12682   T   -0.4339  1.0594  13.9S  61.9E  64  216  05m25s
07107  07  0992 Aug 30  15:48:52   1603 -12459   T   -0.4826  1.0577  20.7S  59.7W  61  216  05m04s
07149  08  1010 Sep 10  23:51:11   1504 -12236   T   -0.5251  1.0557  27.5S 176.7E  58  215  04m42s
07191  09  1028 Sep 21  08:01:19   1409 -12013   T   -0.5611  1.0535  34.0S  51.3E  56  212  04m19s
07233  10  1046 Oct 02  16:19:55   1319 -11790   T   -0.5904  1.0512  40.3S  75.8W  54  209  03m58s
07277  11  1064 Oct 13  00:46:25   1234 -11567   T   -0.6133  1.0490  46.2S 156.0E  52  205  03m40s
07321  12  1082 Oct 24  09:19:34   1153 -11344   T   -0.6308  1.0470  51.7S  27.3E  51  201  03m24s
07366  13  1100 Nov 03  17:59:41   1076 -11121   T   -0.6430  1.0453  56.5S 101.5W  50  197  03m11s
07411  14  1118 Nov 15  02:45:13   1004 -10898   T   -0.6511  1.0439  60.4S 130.5E  49  194  03m01s

07456  15  1136 Nov 25  11:35:06    936 -10675   T   -0.6557  1.0430  63.3S   4.0E  49  191  02m54s
07501  16  1154 Dec 06  20:26:36    872 -10452   T   -0.6593  1.0425  64.8S 121.0W  48  190  02m50s
07546  17  1172 Dec 17  05:20:06    812 -10229   T   -0.6615  1.0426  64.6S 114.3E  48  190  02m49s
07592  18  1190 Dec 28  14:12:58    756 -10006   T   -0.6648  1.0430  63.1S  11.2W  48  193  02m50s
07638  19  1209 Jan 07  23:03:30    703  -9783   T   -0.6701  1.0439  60.6S 137.9W  48  197  02m54s
07684  20  1227 Jan 19  07:50:13    654  -9560   T   -0.6788  1.0450  57.4S  94.3E  47  204  02m59s
07729  21  1245 Jan 29  16:32:07    608  -9337   T   -0.6916  1.0465  54.0S  33.8W  46  213  03m05s
07773  22  1263 Feb 10  01:08:09    565  -9114   T   -0.7093  1.0480  50.7S 161.5W  45  224  03m13s
07816  23  1281 Feb 20  09:36:20    525  -8891   T   -0.7337  1.0496  47.8S  72.1E  43  239  03m22s
07859  24  1299 Mar 03  17:57:31    488  -8668   T   -0.7639  1.0510  45.5S  53.0W  40  257  03m30s

07901  25  1317 Mar 14  02:10:14    453  -8445   T   -0.8008  1.0522  44.2S 175.9W  37  283  03m37s
07942  26  1335 Mar 25  10:14:54    420  -8222   T   -0.8444  1.0528  44.2S  63.3E  32  319  03m42s
07983  27  1353 Apr 04  18:11:06    389  -7999   T   -0.8949  1.0527  46.0S  54.7W  26  383  03m41s
08024  28  1371 Apr 16  02:00:13    360  -7776   T   -0.9508  1.0512  50.7S 168.9W  18  545  03m30s
08065  29  1389 Apr 26  09:42:22    333  -7553   P   -1.0124  0.9944  62.2S  91.5E   0             
08105  30  1407 May 07  17:17:22    307  -7330   P   -1.0794  0.8660  62.9S  31.5W   0             
08145  31  1425 May 18  00:47:36    283  -7107   P   -1.1498  0.7309  63.7S 153.5W   0             
08185  32  1443 May 29  08:13:09    260  -6884   P   -1.2234  0.5897  64.6S  85.3E   0             
08225  33  1461 Jun 08  15:36:19    238  -6661   P   -1.2986  0.4459  65.5S  35.5W   0             
08265  34  1479 Jun 19  22:56:07    218  -6438   P   -1.3756  0.2991  66.5S 155.9W   0             

08305  35  1497 Jun 30  06:16:37    198  -6215   P   -1.4514  0.1556  67.5S  83.1E   0             
08347  36  1515 Jul 11  13:36:52    180  -5992   Pe  -1.5262  0.0153  68.5S  38.2W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26