Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 100

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 100

Solar eclipses of Saros 100 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0264 May 13. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1526 Jun 10. The total duration of Saros series 100 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   0264 May 13   08:17:18 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   1526 Jun 10   01:34:33 TD

                      Duration of Saros 100  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 100 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 100
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PartialP 14 19.7%
AnnularA 21 29.6%
TotalT 34 47.9%
Hybrid[3]H 2 2.8%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 100 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 100
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 57100.0%
Central (two limits) 56 98.2%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 1.8%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 100: 7P 34T 2H 21A 7P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 100 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 100
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 1274 Jan 0907m26s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 1039 Aug 2200m10s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 0426 Aug 1904m27s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 0985 Jul 2001m31s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1003 Jul 3100m58s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1021 Aug 1100m24s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 0372 Jul 17 - 0.94975
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 1526 Jun 10 - 0.05567

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 100

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 100. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 100.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 100

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

05405 -36  0264 May 13  08:17:18   7988 -21467   Pb  -1.4730  0.1096  69.3S 115.9E   0             
05445 -35  0282 May 24  15:41:33   7815 -21244   P   -1.4000  0.2495  68.4S   7.7W   0             
05485 -34  0300 Jun 03  23:05:01   7642 -21021   P   -1.3256  0.3929  67.4S 130.6W   0             
05524 -33  0318 Jun 15  06:29:09   7467 -20798   P   -1.2512  0.5368  66.4S 106.9E   0             
05564 -32  0336 Jun 25  13:54:25   7292 -20575   P   -1.1774  0.6799  65.4S  15.6W   0             
05604 -31  0354 Jul 06  21:23:38   7116 -20352   P   -1.1062  0.8178  64.5S 138.6W   0             
05644 -30  0372 Jul 17  04:56:56   6939 -20129   P   -1.0379  0.9497  63.6S  97.7E   0             
05685 -29  0390 Jul 28  12:35:00   6761 -19906   T   -0.9732  1.0595  52.8S  12.4W  13  873  04m06s
05726 -28  0408 Aug 07  20:19:36   6583 -19683   T   -0.9138  1.0609  44.3S 126.4W  24  487  04m26s
05767 -27  0426 Aug 19  04:11:14   6405 -19460   T   -0.8601  1.0605  40.3S 115.3E  30  382  04m27s

05808 -26  0444 Aug 29  12:10:31   6226 -19237   T   -0.8127  1.0590  38.6S   5.5W  35  326  04m19s
05849 -25  0462 Sep 09  20:16:30   6048 -19014   T   -0.7709  1.0569  38.5S 128.1W  39  288  04m07s
05892 -24  0480 Sep 20  04:31:03   5871 -18791   T   -0.7364  1.0544  39.8S 107.1E  42  260  03m52s
05935 -23  0498 Oct 01  12:53:06   5695 -18568   T   -0.7082  1.0515  42.0S  19.5W  45  238  03m37s
05979 -22  0516 Oct 11  21:22:23   5518 -18345   T   -0.6864  1.0487  44.9S 147.7W  46  219  03m23s
06023 -21  0534 Oct 23  05:58:25   5341 -18122   T   -0.6704  1.0459  48.4S  82.8E  48  204  03m09s
06069 -20  0552 Nov 02  14:40:25   5167 -17899   T   -0.6597  1.0433  52.2S  47.4W  48  191  02m57s
06115 -19  0570 Nov 13  23:27:26   4993 -17676   T   -0.6534  1.0409  56.0S 177.8W  49  180  02m46s
06162 -18  0588 Nov 24  08:16:26   4821 -17453   T   -0.6490  1.0390  59.3S  53.1E  49  172  02m38s
06207 -17  0606 Dec 05  17:08:42   4650 -17230   T   -0.6476  1.0374  62.1S  75.0W  49  165  02m31s

06252 -16  0624 Dec 16  02:00:22   4480 -17007   T   -0.6465  1.0364  63.6S 159.0E  49  161  02m28s
06297 -15  0642 Dec 27  10:51:27   4312 -16784   T   -0.6448  1.0358  63.7S  34.0E  50  158  02m27s
06343 -14  0661 Jan 06  19:37:59   4146 -16561   T   -0.6398  1.0357  62.1S  90.6W  50  157  02m29s
06389 -13  0679 Jan 18  04:21:40   3982 -16338   T   -0.6329  1.0360  59.1S 143.5E  50  157  02m33s
06433 -12  0697 Jan 28  12:58:36   3819 -16115   T   -0.6210  1.0367  54.9S  16.9E  51  158  02m41s
06476 -11  0715 Feb 08  21:28:51   3659 -15892   T   -0.6040  1.0377  49.8S 110.1W  53  159  02m50s
06519 -10  0733 Feb 19  05:50:33   3500 -15669   T   -0.5806  1.0389  44.0S 123.5E  54  160  03m03s
06561 -09  0751 Mar 02  14:04:34   3345 -15446   T   -0.5512  1.0401  37.8S   2.1W  56  160  03m16s
06603 -08  0769 Mar 12  22:09:04   3192 -15223   T   -0.5145  1.0413  31.1S 126.0W  59  160  03m32s
06644 -07  0787 Mar 24  06:05:01   3043 -15000   T   -0.4715  1.0422  24.2S 111.9E  62  159  03m46s

06686 -06  0805 Apr 03  13:51:56   2896 -14777   T   -0.4214  1.0429  17.1S   8.1W  65  157  04m00s
06727 -05  0823 Apr 14  21:31:15   2753 -14554   T   -0.3655  1.0431   9.9S 126.1W  68  154  04m11s
06767 -04  0841 Apr 25  05:01:45   2613 -14331   T   -0.3029  1.0429   2.8S 118.4E  72  150  04m17s
06807 -03  0859 May 06  12:26:38   2478 -14108   T   -0.2362  1.0420   4.2N   4.7E  76  144  04m17s
06847 -02  0877 May 16  19:44:56   2346 -13885   T   -0.1645  1.0406  10.9N 106.7W  81  138  04m09s
06887 -01  0895 May 28  03:00:09   2218 -13662   Tm  -0.0909  1.0383  17.0N 143.3E  85  129  03m54s
06927  00  0913 Jun 07  10:09:57   2094 -13439   T   -0.0134  1.0354  22.6N  35.5E  89  119  03m33s
06967  01  0931 Jun 18  17:19:48   1975 -13216   T    0.0633  1.0318  27.3N  71.4W  86  108  03m06s
07008  02  0949 Jun 29  00:26:52   1860 -12993   T    0.1417  1.0274  31.3N 176.8W  82   94  02m36s
07049  03  0967 Jul 10  07:36:08   1750 -12770   T    0.2173  1.0225  34.1N  78.0E  77   79  02m04s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 100

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

07090  04  0985 Jul 20  14:45:03   1644 -12547   T    0.2923  1.0170  35.9N  26.6W  73   61  01m31s
07132  05  1003 Jul 31  21:59:08   1543 -12324   H    0.3621  1.0110  36.6N 132.5W  69   41  00m58s
07174  06  1021 Aug 11  05:15:54   1446 -12101   H    0.4287  1.0046  36.6N 120.8E  64   17  00m24s
07216  07  1039 Aug 22  12:38:24   1354 -11878   A    0.4896  0.9980  35.8N  12.1E  60    8  00m10s
07259  08  1057 Sep 01  20:06:25   1267 -11655   A    0.5448  0.9912  34.6N  98.6W  57   37  00m46s
07303  09  1075 Sep 13  03:41:46   1184 -11432   A    0.5929  0.9844  33.1N 148.1E  53   67  01m23s
07347  10  1093 Sep 23  11:23:51   1106 -11209   A    0.6346  0.9777  31.5N  32.4E  50  101  02m03s
07393  11  1111 Oct 04  19:12:31   1032 -10986   A    0.6701  0.9712  30.1N  85.5W  48  136  02m44s
07438  12  1129 Oct 15  03:08:33    962 -10763   A    0.6986  0.9651  28.7N 154.2E  45  172  03m27s
07483  13  1147 Oct 26  11:11:07    897 -10540   A    0.7210  0.9595  27.6N  31.7E  44  207  04m11s

07528  14  1165 Nov 05  19:19:17    835 -10317   A    0.7379  0.9544  26.7N  92.6W  42  242  04m55s
07574  15  1183 Nov 17  03:32:02    777 -10094   A    0.7503  0.9500  26.2N 141.7E  41  274  05m38s
07619  16  1201 Nov 27  11:48:14    724  -9871   A    0.7592  0.9461  26.0N  15.0E  40  302  06m16s
07665  17  1219 Dec 08  20:06:08    673  -9648   A    0.7661  0.9430  26.3N 112.3W  40  327  06m48s
07711  18  1237 Dec 19  04:23:11    626  -9425   A    0.7728  0.9404  27.3N 120.5E  39  348  07m11s
07756  19  1255 Dec 30  12:39:09    582  -9202   A    0.7798  0.9385  28.9N   6.5W  39  365  07m23s
07800  20  1274 Jan 09  20:51:23    541  -8979   A    0.7886  0.9372  31.3N 132.8W  38  380  07m26s
07843  21  1292 Jan 21  04:58:17    502  -8756   A    0.8014  0.9363  34.6N 102.0E  36  395  07m17s
07885  22  1310 Jan 31  12:57:57    467  -8533   A    0.8194  0.9358  38.9N  21.9W  35  415  07m01s
07926  23  1328 Feb 11  20:50:10    433  -8310   A    0.8426  0.9356  44.1N 144.7W  32  442  06m38s

07967  24  1346 Feb 22  04:33:47    401  -8087   A    0.8720  0.9354  50.4N  93.4E  29  488  06m11s
08008  25  1364 Mar 04  12:06:40    372  -7864   A    0.9095  0.9352  57.9N  28.8W  24  580  05m41s
08049  26  1382 Mar 15  19:30:25    344  -7641   A    0.9536  0.9344  66.6N 156.5W  17  827  05m10s
08090  27  1400 Mar 26  02:43:41    317  -7418   A+   1.0058  0.9506  72.0N  34.0E   0             
08130  28  1418 Apr 06  09:48:10    293  -7195   P    1.0643  0.8513  71.5N  86.1W   0             
08170  29  1436 Apr 16  16:42:11    269  -6972   P    1.1306  0.7385  70.8N 157.0E   0             
08210  30  1454 Apr 27  23:29:09    247  -6749   P    1.2018  0.6169  70.0N  42.5E   0             
08249  31  1472 May 08  06:07:58    226  -6526   P    1.2791  0.4848  69.1N  69.4W   0             
08289  32  1490 May 19  12:41:05    206  -6303   P    1.3600  0.3462  68.1N 179.2W   0             
08330  33  1508 May 29  19:09:02    187  -6080   P    1.4443  0.2019  67.1N  72.8E   0             

08372  34  1526 Jun 10  01:34:33    170  -5857   Pe   1.5298  0.0557  66.1N  34.1W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26