The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 100 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0264 May 13. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1526 Jun 10. The total duration of Saros series 100 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0264 May 13 08:17:18 TD
Last Eclipse = 1526 Jun 10 01:34:33 TD
Duration of Saros 100 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 100 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 100 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 14 | 19.7% |
| Annular | A | 21 | 29.6% |
| Total | T | 34 | 47.9% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.8% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 100 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 100 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 57 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 56 | 98.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 100: 7P 34T 2H 21A 7P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 100 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 0426 Aug 19 Duration = 04m27s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 0985 Jul 20 Duration = 01m31s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1274 Jan 09 Duration = 07m26s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1039 Aug 22 Duration = 00m10s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1003 Jul 31 Duration = 00m58s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1021 Aug 11 Duration = 00m24s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0372 Jul 17 Magnitude = 0.9497
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1526 Jun 10 Magnitude = 0.0557
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 100 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 100 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -36 0264 May 13 08:17:18 7888 -21467 Pb -1.4730 0.1096 69.3S 115.5E 0 333
02 -35 0282 May 24 15:41:33 7719 -21244 P -1.4000 0.2495 68.4S 8.1W 0 344
03 -34 0300 Jun 03 23:05:01 7549 -21021 P -1.3256 0.3929 67.4S 131.0W 0 355
04 -33 0318 Jun 15 06:29:09 7380 -20798 P -1.2512 0.5368 66.4S 106.5E 0 6
05 -32 0336 Jun 25 13:54:25 7210 -20575 P -1.1774 0.6799 65.4S 15.9W 0 16
06 -31 0354 Jul 06 21:23:38 7041 -20352 P -1.1062 0.8178 64.5S 138.9W 0 25
07 -30 0372 Jul 17 04:56:56 6871 -20129 P -1.0379 0.9497 63.6S 97.4E 0 35
08 -29 0390 Jul 28 12:35:00 6701 -19906 T -0.9732 1.0595 52.8S 12.6W 13 32 873 04m06s
09 -28 0408 Aug 07 20:19:36 6531 -19683 T -0.9138 1.0609 44.3S 126.6W 24 31 487 04m26s
10 -27 0426 Aug 19 04:11:14 6361 -19460 T -0.8601 1.0605 40.3S 115.1E 30 33 382 04m27s
11 -26 0444 Aug 29 12:10:31 6189 -19237 T -0.8127 1.0590 38.6S 5.7W 35 36 326 04m19s
12 -25 0462 Sep 09 20:16:30 6018 -19014 T -0.7709 1.0569 38.5S 128.2W 39 38 288 04m07s
13 -24 0480 Sep 20 04:31:03 5845 -18791 T -0.7364 1.0544 39.8S 107.0E 42 39 260 03m52s
14 -23 0498 Oct 01 12:53:06 5672 -18568 T -0.7082 1.0515 42.0S 19.6W 45 40 238 03m37s
15 -22 0516 Oct 11 21:22:23 5498 -18345 T -0.6864 1.0487 44.9S 147.8W 46 41 219 03m23s
16 -21 0534 Oct 23 05:58:25 5323 -18122 T -0.6704 1.0459 48.4S 82.7E 48 40 204 03m09s
17 -20 0552 Nov 02 14:40:25 5146 -17899 T -0.6597 1.0433 52.2S 47.5W 48 38 191 02m57s
18 -19 0570 Nov 13 23:27:26 4967 -17676 T -0.6534 1.0409 56.0S 177.9W 49 35 180 02m46s
19 -18 0588 Nov 24 08:16:26 4787 -17453 T -0.6490 1.0390 59.3S 52.9E 49 30 172 02m38s
20 -17 0606 Dec 05 17:08:42 4621 -17230 T -0.6476 1.0374 62.1S 75.1W 49 23 165 02m31s
21 -16 0624 Dec 16 02:00:22 4477 -17007 T -0.6465 1.0364 63.6S 158.9E 49 14 161 02m28s
22 -15 0642 Dec 27 10:51:27 4334 -16784 T -0.6448 1.0358 63.7S 34.1E 50 4 158 02m27s
23 -14 0661 Jan 06 19:37:59 4168 -16561 T -0.6398 1.0357 62.1S 90.5W 50 354 157 02m29s
24 -13 0679 Jan 18 04:21:40 3988 -16338 T -0.6329 1.0360 59.1S 143.5E 50 347 157 02m33s
25 -12 0697 Jan 28 12:58:36 3809 -16115 T -0.6210 1.0367 54.9S 16.9E 51 342 158 02m41s
26 -11 0715 Feb 08 21:28:51 3659 -15892 T -0.6040 1.0377 49.8S 110.1W 53 339 159 02m50s
27 -10 0733 Feb 19 05:50:33 3516 -15669 T -0.5806 1.0389 44.0S 123.6E 54 338 160 03m03s
28 -09 0751 Mar 02 14:04:34 3372 -15446 T -0.5512 1.0401 37.8S 2.0W 56 338 160 03m16s
29 -08 0769 Mar 12 22:09:04 3228 -15223 T -0.5145 1.0413 31.1S 125.8W 59 339 160 03m32s
30 -07 0787 Mar 24 06:05:01 3085 -15000 T -0.4715 1.0422 24.2S 112.1E 62 341 159 03m46s
31 -06 0805 Apr 03 13:51:56 2941 -14777 T -0.4214 1.0429 17.1S 7.9W 65 342 157 04m00s
32 -05 0823 Apr 14 21:31:15 2797 -14554 T -0.3655 1.0431 9.9S 125.9W 68 345 154 04m11s
33 -04 0841 Apr 25 05:01:45 2653 -14331 T -0.3029 1.0429 2.8S 118.6E 72 347 150 04m17s
34 -03 0859 May 06 12:26:38 2510 -14108 T -0.2362 1.0420 4.2N 4.9E 76 350 144 04m17s
35 -02 0877 May 16 19:44:56 2366 -13885 T -0.1645 1.0406 10.9N 106.6W 81 353 138 04m09s
36 -01 0895 May 28 03:00:09 2222 -13662 Tm -0.0909 1.0383 17.0N 143.3E 85 357 129 03m54s
37 00 0913 Jun 07 10:09:57 2105 -13439 T -0.0134 1.0354 22.6N 35.6E 89 2 119 03m33s
38 01 0931 Jun 18 17:19:48 1998 -13216 T 0.0633 1.0318 27.3N 71.3W 86 186 108 03m06s
39 02 0949 Jun 29 00:26:52 1890 -12993 T 0.1417 1.0274 31.3N 176.6W 82 191 94 02m36s
40 03 0967 Jul 10 07:36:08 1782 -12770 T 0.2173 1.0225 34.1N 78.2E 77 196 79 02m04s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 04 0985 Jul 20 14:45:03 1675 -12547 T 0.2923 1.0170 35.9N 26.5W 73 202 61 01m31s
42 05 1003 Jul 31 21:59:08 1570 -12324 H 0.3621 1.0110 36.6N 132.4W 69 206 41 00m58s
43 06 1021 Aug 11 05:15:54 1481 -12101 H 0.4287 1.0046 36.6N 120.9E 64 210 17 00m24s
44 07 1039 Aug 22 12:38:24 1391 -11878 A 0.4896 0.9980 35.8N 12.2E 60 213 8 00m10s
45 08 1057 Sep 01 20:06:25 1301 -11655 A 0.5448 0.9912 34.6N 98.5W 57 215 37 00m46s
46 09 1075 Sep 13 03:41:46 1211 -11432 A 0.5929 0.9844 33.1N 148.2E 53 215 67 01m23s
47 10 1093 Sep 23 11:23:51 1122 -11209 A 0.6346 0.9777 31.5N 32.5E 50 215 101 02m03s
48 11 1111 Oct 04 19:12:31 1044 -10986 A 0.6701 0.9712 30.1N 85.4W 48 213 136 02m44s
49 12 1129 Oct 15 03:08:33 972 -10763 A 0.6986 0.9651 28.7N 154.2E 45 210 172 03m27s
50 13 1147 Oct 26 11:11:07 900 -10540 A 0.7210 0.9595 27.6N 31.7E 44 207 207 04m11s
51 14 1165 Nov 05 19:19:17 844 -10317 A 0.7379 0.9544 26.7N 92.5W 42 203 242 04m55s
52 15 1183 Nov 17 03:32:02 791 -10094 A 0.7503 0.9500 26.2N 141.8E 41 198 274 05m38s
53 16 1201 Nov 27 11:48:14 737 -9871 A 0.7592 0.9461 26.0N 15.1E 40 193 302 06m16s
54 17 1219 Dec 08 20:06:08 683 -9648 A 0.7661 0.9430 26.3N 112.2W 40 189 327 06m48s
55 18 1237 Dec 19 04:23:11 629 -9425 A 0.7728 0.9404 27.3N 120.5E 39 184 348 07m11s
56 19 1255 Dec 30 12:39:09 578 -9202 A 0.7798 0.9385 28.9N 6.5W 39 179 365 07m23s
57 20 1274 Jan 09 20:51:23 532 -8979 A 0.7886 0.9372 31.3N 132.8W 38 174 380 07m26s
58 21 1292 Jan 21 04:58:17 485 -8756 A 0.8014 0.9363 34.6N 101.9E 36 169 395 07m17s
59 22 1310 Jan 31 12:57:57 446 -8533 A 0.8194 0.9358 38.9N 22.0W 35 164 415 07m01s
60 23 1328 Feb 11 20:50:10 414 -8310 A 0.8426 0.9356 44.1N 144.8W 32 159 442 06m38s
61 24 1346 Feb 22 04:33:47 382 -8087 A 0.8720 0.9354 50.4N 93.3E 29 154 488 06m11s
62 25 1364 Mar 04 12:06:40 353 -7864 A 0.9095 0.9352 57.9N 28.8W 24 145 580 05m41s
63 26 1382 Mar 15 19:30:25 324 -7641 A 0.9536 0.9344 66.6N 156.6W 17 130 827 05m10s
64 27 1400 Mar 26 02:43:41 296 -7418 A+ 1.0058 0.9506 72.0N 33.9E 0 72 - -
65 28 1418 Apr 06 09:48:10 271 -7195 P 1.0643 0.8513 71.5N 86.2W 0 58
66 29 1436 Apr 16 16:42:11 246 -6972 P 1.1306 0.7385 70.8N 156.9E 0 45
67 30 1454 Apr 27 23:29:09 222 -6749 P 1.2018 0.6169 70.0N 42.4E 0 33
68 31 1472 May 08 06:07:58 205 -6526 P 1.2791 0.4848 69.1N 69.5W 0 21
69 32 1490 May 19 12:41:05 187 -6303 P 1.3600 0.3462 68.1N 179.3W 0 10
70 33 1508 May 29 19:09:02 171 -6080 P 1.4443 0.2019 67.1N 72.7E 0 360
71 34 1526 Jun 10 01:34:33 156 -5857 Pe 1.5298 0.0557 66.1N 34.2W 0 350
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
