Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 102

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 102

Solar eclipses of Saros 102 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0376 May 05. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1638 Jun 12. The total duration of Saros series 102 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   0376 May 05   05:09:34 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   1638 Jun 12   03:55:44 TD

                      Duration of Saros 102  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 102 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 102
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PartialP 15 21.1%
AnnularA 19 26.8%
TotalT 34 47.9%
Hybrid[3]H 3 4.2%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 102 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 102
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 56100.0%
Central (two limits) 55 98.2%
Central (one limit) 1 1.8%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 102: 7P 19A 3H 34T 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 102 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 102
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 0502 Jul 2003m52s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 0827 Jan 3100m09s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 1043 Jun 0905m25s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 1494 Mar 0702m06s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0881 Mar 0401m35s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 0845 Feb 1000m22s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 1512 Mar 17 - 0.95161
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 0376 May 05 - 0.04868

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 102

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 102. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 102.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 102

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

05653 -34  0376 May 05  05:09:34   6901 -20082   Pb  -1.5322  0.0487  69.9S 166.1E   0             
05694 -33  0394 May 16  11:41:58   6724 -19859   P   -1.4503  0.1889  69.1S  55.1E   0             
05735 -32  0412 May 26  18:11:23   6545 -19636   P   -1.3644  0.3368  68.1S  54.6W   0             
05776 -31  0430 Jun 07  00:41:34   6367 -19413   P   -1.2780  0.4865  67.1S 164.0W   0             
05816 -30  0448 Jun 17  07:12:15   6189 -19190   P   -1.1908  0.6385  66.1S  87.0E   0             
05858 -29  0466 Jun 28  13:47:21   6011 -18967   P   -1.1058  0.7870  65.1S  22.7W   0             
05901 -28  0484 Jul 08  20:26:40   5834 -18744   P   -1.0229  0.9321  64.1S 133.0W   0             
05945 -27  0502 Jul 20  03:11:36   5657 -18521   A   -0.9434  0.9595  46.9S 132.5E  19  442  03m52s
05989 -26  0520 Jul 30  10:04:27   5480 -18298   A   -0.8693  0.9626  38.3S  29.5E  29  268  03m45s
06033 -25  0538 Aug 10  17:05:14   5305 -18075   A   -0.8005  0.9646  33.5S  76.3W  37  208  03m35s

06079 -24  0556 Aug 21  00:15:45   5130 -17852   A   -0.7387  0.9659  31.0S 175.3E  42  177  03m24s
06125 -23  0574 Sep 01  07:35:04   4957 -17629   A   -0.6831  0.9668  30.1S  64.7E  47  160  03m15s
06171 -22  0592 Sep 11  15:06:02   4785 -17406   A   -0.6360  0.9673  30.6S  48.8W  50  149  03m07s
06216 -21  0610 Sep 22  22:46:30   4614 -17183   A   -0.5956  0.9678  32.2S 164.6W  53  142  03m00s
06261 -20  0628 Oct 03  06:37:26   4445 -16960   A   -0.5632  0.9682  34.6S  77.1E  56  136  02m54s
06306 -19  0646 Oct 14  14:37:46   4277 -16737   A   -0.5375  0.9688  37.6S  43.2W  57  132  02m48s
06353 -18  0664 Oct 24  22:47:46   4111 -16514   A   -0.5193  0.9695  40.9S 165.6W  59  127  02m42s
06399 -17  0682 Nov 05  07:04:37   3947 -16291   A   -0.5056  0.9706  44.3S  71.0E  59  122  02m35s
06443 -16  0700 Nov 15  15:27:33   3785 -16068   A   -0.4962  0.9721  47.4S  53.0W  60  115  02m26s
06486 -15  0718 Nov 26  23:55:08   3625 -15845   A   -0.4900  0.9742  50.1S 177.1W  60  106  02m15s

06529 -14  0736 Dec 07  08:26:24   3467 -15622   A   -0.4866  0.9767  51.9S  58.8E  61   95  02m01s
06571 -13  0754 Dec 18  16:57:41   3313 -15399   A   -0.4824  0.9799  52.5S  64.5W  61   82  01m45s
06612 -12  0772 Dec 29  01:29:11   3160 -15176   A   -0.4778  0.9836  51.9S 172.2E  61   66  01m26s
06653 -11  0791 Jan 09  09:57:36   3011 -14953   A   -0.4700  0.9880  49.8S  48.9E  62   48  01m03s
06694 -10  0809 Jan 19  18:23:53   2866 -14730   A   -0.4598  0.9929  46.6S  75.0W  62   28  00m38s
06735 -09  0827 Jan 31  02:43:18   2723 -14507   A   -0.4435  0.9983  42.3S 161.5E  63    7  00m09s
06775 -08  0845 Feb 10  10:58:55   2584 -14284   H   -0.4232  1.0041  37.2S  37.6E  65   16  00m22s
06815 -07  0863 Feb 21  19:06:16   2449 -14061   H   -0.3954  1.0103  31.3S  85.3W  67   39  00m57s
06855 -06  0881 Mar 04  03:08:22   2318 -13838   H2  -0.3624  1.0167  25.1S 152.4E  69   61  01m35s
06895 -05  0899 Mar 15  11:01:39   2191 -13615   T   -0.3212  1.0232  18.3S  31.7E  71   83  02m14s

06935 -04  0917 Mar 25  18:49:52   2069 -13392   T   -0.2749  1.0296  11.4S  87.9W  74  104  02m53s
06976 -03  0935 Apr 06  02:30:30   1950 -13169   T   -0.2215  1.0358   4.3S 154.4E  77  123  03m32s
07017 -02  0953 Apr 16  10:05:48   1836 -12946   T   -0.1628  1.0418   2.8N  38.1E  81  142  04m07s
07058 -01  0971 Apr 27  17:35:25   1727 -12723   T   -0.0983  1.0473   9.9N  76.5W  84  158  04m38s
07098  00  0989 May 08  01:01:52   1622 -12500   T   -0.0304  1.0523  16.8N 170.3E  88  173  05m01s
07140  01  1007 May 19  08:24:59   1522 -12277   Tm   0.0409  1.0566  23.3N  58.6E  88  187  05m17s
07182  02  1025 May 29  15:46:10   1426 -12054   T    0.1145  1.0602  29.2N  51.8W  83  199  05m25s
07224  03  1043 Jun 09  23:06:47   1335 -11831   T    0.1893  1.0630  34.5N 161.0W  79  211  05m25s
07268  04  1061 Jun 20  06:28:17   1249 -11608   T    0.2641  1.0651  38.9N  90.7E  74  221  05m20s
07312  05  1079 Jul 01  13:51:08   1167 -11385   T    0.3381  1.0663  42.3N  16.9W  70  230  05m12s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 102

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

07357  06  1097 Jul 11  21:17:18   1090 -11162   T    0.4099  1.0667  44.5N 124.6W  66  239  05m01s
07403  07  1115 Jul 23  04:47:53   1017 -10939   T    0.4783  1.0663  45.6N 126.8E  61  246  04m50s
07448  08  1133 Aug 02  12:24:26    948 -10716   T    0.5423  1.0652  45.8N  16.5E  57  252  04m38s
07493  09  1151 Aug 13  20:06:10    883 -10493   T    0.6024  1.0635  45.2N  95.7W  53  258  04m26s
07538  10  1169 Aug 24  03:56:00    823 -10270   T    0.6561  1.0612  44.1N 149.2E  49  263  04m15s
07584  11  1187 Sep 04  11:52:36    766 -10047   T    0.7044  1.0585  42.8N  31.5E  45  267  04m05s
07629  12  1205 Sep 14  19:58:08    713  -9824   T    0.7458  1.0556  41.4N  89.5W  42  270  03m55s
07675  13  1223 Sep 26  04:10:29    663  -9601   T    0.7816  1.0525  40.2N 147.0E  38  272  03m46s
07720  14  1241 Oct 06  12:32:01    616  -9378   T    0.8103  1.0494  39.2N  20.3E  36  274  03m38s
07764  15  1259 Oct 17  21:00:30    573  -9155   T    0.8334  1.0464  38.4N 108.8W  33  274  03m30s

07808  16  1277 Oct 28  05:36:04    533  -8932   T    0.8506  1.0438  37.9N 119.6E  31  273  03m23s
07851  17  1295 Nov 08  14:17:45    495  -8709   T    0.8630  1.0414  37.5N  14.0W  30  271  03m17s
07893  18  1313 Nov 18  23:04:31    459  -8486   T    0.8712  1.0395  37.4N 149.3W  29  268  03m13s
07935  19  1331 Nov 30  07:54:51    426  -8263   T    0.8766  1.0380  37.6N  74.2E  28  265  03m09s
07976  20  1349 Dec 10  16:46:27    395  -8040   T    0.8811  1.0371  38.2N  62.7W  28  264  03m06s
08017  21  1367 Dec 22  01:39:34    366  -7817   T    0.8842  1.0366  39.2N 159.8E  28  265  03m03s
08058  22  1386 Jan 01  10:31:27    338  -7594   T    0.8881  1.0366  40.8N  22.6E  27  269  03m01s
08098  23  1404 Jan 12  19:20:46    312  -7371   T    0.8945  1.0369  43.3N 114.3W  26  279  02m58s
08138  24  1422 Jan 23  04:05:41    287  -7148   T    0.9044  1.0374  46.6N 109.5E  25  296  02m54s
08178  25  1440 Feb 03  12:45:48    264  -6925   T    0.9183  1.0380  50.9N  26.5W  23  324  02m49s

08218  26  1458 Feb 13  21:19:39    242  -6702   T    0.9374  1.0385  56.3N 162.6W  20  375  02m41s
08258  27  1476 Feb 25  05:45:39    221  -6479   T    0.9627  1.0386  63.1N  58.7E  15  491  02m29s
08298  28  1494 Mar 07  14:04:20    202  -6256   Tn   0.9940  1.0368  71.3N  99.2W   4   -   02m06s
08339  29  1512 Mar 17  22:14:35    183  -6033   P    1.0322  0.9516  72.0N 110.2E   0             
08381  30  1530 Mar 29  06:16:37    167  -5810   P    1.0769  0.8671  71.7N  24.4W   0             
08422  31  1548 Apr 08  14:10:08    151  -5587   P    1.1282  0.7698  71.2N 156.5W   0             
08463  32  1566 Apr 19  21:56:01    138  -5364   P    1.1855  0.6610  70.5N  73.9E   0             
08504  33  1584 May 10  05:35:06    126  -5141   P    1.2478  0.5424  69.7N  53.5W   0             
08545  34  1602 May 21  13:06:44    116  -4918   P    1.3157  0.4132  68.8N 178.3W   0             
08587  35  1620 May 31  20:33:45     93  -4695   P    1.3868  0.2783  67.8N  58.5E   0             

08631  36  1638 Jun 12  03:55:44     66  -4472   Pe   1.4614  0.1370  66.8N  62.9W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26