The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 105 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0499 Mar 27. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1779 May 16. The total duration of Saros series 105 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0499 Mar 27 19:05:53 TD
Last Eclipse = 1779 May 16 01:17:39 TD
Duration of Saros 105 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 105 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 105 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 27 | 37.5% |
| Annular | A | 20 | 27.8% |
| Total | T | 21 | 29.2% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 4 | 5.6% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 105 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 105 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 45 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 43 | 95.6% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 2 | 4.4% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 105: 7P 20A 4H 21T 20P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 105 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 1256 Jun 24 Duration = 06m42s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 1058 Feb 25 Duration = 02m05s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0643 Jun 22 Duration = 02m17s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0968 Jan 02 Duration = 00m21s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1040 Feb 15 Duration = 01m35s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 0986 Jan 13 Duration = 00m07s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1436 Oct 10 Magnitude = 0.9594
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0499 Mar 27 Magnitude = 0.0158
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 105 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 105 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -35 0499 Mar 27 19:05:53 5667 -18562 Pb 1.5545 0.0158 60.9N 177.2W 0 83
02 -34 0517 Apr 07 01:59:05 5493 -18339 P 1.4893 0.1253 61.0N 70.0E 0 75
03 -33 0535 Apr 18 08:45:54 5318 -18116 P 1.4182 0.2460 61.4N 41.2W 0 66
04 -32 0553 Apr 28 15:28:06 5141 -17893 P 1.3421 0.3764 61.8N 151.3W 0 57
05 -31 0571 May 09 22:04:44 4962 -17670 P 1.2604 0.5175 62.5N 99.8E 0 48
06 -30 0589 May 20 04:40:20 4782 -17447 P 1.1766 0.6632 63.2N 9.1W 0 39
07 -29 0607 May 31 11:14:14 4617 -17224 P 1.0906 0.8140 64.0N 117.7W 0 30
08 -28 0625 Jun 10 17:49:19 4474 -17001 A+ 1.0042 0.9661 64.9N 133.3E 0 21 - -
09 -27 0643 Jun 22 00:25:51 4330 -16778 A 0.9176 0.9648 85.5N 94.5E 23 81 326 02m17s
10 -26 0661 Jul 02 07:07:22 4163 -16555 A 0.8339 0.9692 79.9N 88.9E 33 178 203 02m11s
11 -25 0679 Jul 13 13:53:46 3984 -16332 A 0.7531 0.9724 70.6N 2.3W 41 191 151 02m07s
12 -24 0697 Jul 23 20:46:01 3804 -16109 A 0.6761 0.9749 61.7N 103.6W 47 195 122 02m04s
13 -23 0715 Aug 04 03:46:01 3655 -15886 A 0.6044 0.9767 53.3N 150.9E 53 198 104 02m03s
14 -22 0733 Aug 14 10:54:42 3512 -15663 A 0.5391 0.9780 45.2N 42.1E 57 199 93 02m03s
15 -21 0751 Aug 25 18:12:50 3368 -15440 A 0.4805 0.9789 37.4N 69.7W 61 200 85 02m04s
16 -20 0769 Sep 05 01:40:10 3224 -15217 A 0.4288 0.9795 30.0N 176.0E 64 200 80 02m06s
17 -19 0787 Sep 16 09:18:23 3081 -14994 A 0.3853 0.9799 23.1N 59.0E 67 199 77 02m07s
18 -18 0805 Sep 26 17:06:36 2937 -14771 A 0.3492 0.9802 16.6N 60.5W 69 198 75 02m09s
19 -17 0823 Oct 08 01:04:03 2793 -14548 A 0.3201 0.9807 10.7N 177.8E 71 197 72 02m09s
20 -16 0841 Oct 18 09:11:07 2650 -14325 A 0.2980 0.9812 5.5N 54.1E 73 195 70 02m07s
21 -15 0859 Oct 29 17:26:19 2506 -14102 A 0.2818 0.9821 1.0N 71.3W 74 192 66 02m03s
22 -14 0877 Nov 09 01:49:24 2362 -13879 A 0.2715 0.9832 2.7S 161.6E 74 189 62 01m57s
23 -13 0895 Nov 20 10:16:39 2218 -13656 A 0.2637 0.9849 5.6S 33.8E 75 185 55 01m45s
24 -12 0913 Nov 30 18:50:01 2102 -13433 A 0.2602 0.9870 7.6S 95.1W 75 181 48 01m30s
25 -11 0931 Dec 12 03:24:53 1995 -13210 A 0.2568 0.9896 8.7S 135.7E 75 177 38 01m11s
26 -10 0949 Dec 22 12:01:30 1887 -12987 A 0.2543 0.9929 8.9S 6.3E 75 172 26 00m48s
27 -09 0968 Jan 02 20:35:37 1779 -12764 A 0.2490 0.9967 8.4S 122.5W 76 168 12 00m21s
28 -08 0986 Jan 13 05:08:47 1672 -12541 H 0.2422 1.0011 7.2S 108.8E 76 163 4 00m07s
29 -07 1004 Jan 24 13:37:07 1568 -12318 H 0.2304 1.0060 5.5S 18.7W 77 160 21 00m36s
30 -06 1022 Feb 03 22:00:47 1478 -12095 H 0.2142 1.0113 3.4S 145.1W 78 156 40 01m06s
31 -05 1040 Feb 15 06:17:48 1389 -11872 H2 0.1916 1.0169 1.0S 90.2E 79 154 59 01m35s
32 -04 1058 Feb 25 14:28:43 1299 -11649 T 0.1634 1.0229 1.5N 32.9W 81 152 79 02m05s
33 -03 1076 Mar 07 22:31:53 1209 -11426 T 0.1281 1.0290 3.9N 154.0W 83 151 99 02m34s
34 -02 1094 Mar 19 06:28:14 1119 -11203 T 0.0862 1.0350 6.1N 86.8E 85 151 118 03m04s
35 -01 1112 Mar 29 14:17:31 1042 -10980 T 0.0378 1.0410 8.0N 30.4W 88 152 137 03m34s
36 00 1130 Apr 09 22:01:18 970 -10757 T -0.0160 1.0466 9.3N 146.0W 89 331 155 04m04s
37 01 1148 Apr 20 05:37:53 898 -10534 Tm -0.0765 1.0520 9.8N 100.4E 86 335 172 04m35s
38 02 1166 May 01 13:11:03 843 -10311 T -0.1406 1.0567 9.5N 12.3W 82 338 189 05m06s
39 03 1184 May 11 20:39:04 789 -10088 T -0.2094 1.0609 8.3N 123.8W 78 342 204 05m35s
40 04 1202 May 23 04:06:00 736 -9865 T -0.2801 1.0643 6.0N 124.7E 74 346 219 06m02s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 05 1220 Jun 02 11:28:52 682 -9642 T -0.3546 1.0670 2.6N 13.7E 69 350 234 06m24s
42 06 1238 Jun 13 18:53:33 628 -9419 T -0.4280 1.0689 1.7S 98.2W 65 354 248 06m38s
43 07 1256 Jun 24 02:17:22 577 -9196 T -0.5023 1.0698 7.0S 149.4E 60 359 263 06m42s
44 08 1274 Jul 05 09:44:26 530 -8973 T -0.5742 1.0700 13.0S 35.5E 55 3 278 06m35s
45 09 1292 Jul 15 17:13:08 484 -8750 T -0.6450 1.0692 19.9S 79.7W 50 7 295 06m17s
46 10 1310 Jul 27 00:47:46 446 -8527 T -0.7111 1.0676 27.2S 162.9E 44 11 313 05m51s
47 11 1328 Aug 06 08:26:35 413 -8304 T -0.7736 1.0652 35.1S 43.5E 39 16 335 05m19s
48 12 1346 Aug 17 16:11:26 381 -8081 T -0.8312 1.0622 43.4S 78.6W 33 21 365 04m43s
49 13 1364 Aug 28 00:03:01 352 -7858 T -0.8832 1.0584 51.9S 155.6E 28 28 409 04m06s
50 14 1382 Sep 08 08:02:24 323 -7635 T -0.9290 1.0541 60.5S 24.2E 21 38 487 03m29s
51 15 1400 Sep 18 16:09:43 295 -7412 T -0.9684 1.0490 68.7S 118.2W 14 57 679 02m53s
52 16 1418 Sep 30 00:24:11 270 -7189 T- -1.0021 1.0112 71.8S 63.6E 0 109 - -
53 17 1436 Oct 10 08:47:28 245 -6966 P -1.0286 0.9594 71.3S 76.1W 0 123
54 18 1454 Oct 21 17:17:31 222 -6743 P -1.0499 0.9177 70.7S 142.9E 0 136
55 19 1472 Nov 01 01:54:27 204 -6520 P -1.0657 0.8868 69.8S 0.8E 0 149
56 20 1490 Nov 12 10:36:45 186 -6297 P -1.0774 0.8639 68.8S 142.0W 0 161
57 21 1508 Nov 22 19:24:23 170 -6074 P -1.0850 0.8489 67.8S 74.6E 0 173
58 22 1526 Dec 04 04:14:39 156 -5851 P -1.0905 0.8382 66.7S 69.0W 0 184
59 23 1544 Dec 14 13:06:28 142 -5628 P -1.0948 0.8297 65.6S 147.6E 0 195
60 24 1562 Dec 25 21:58:40 130 -5405 P -1.0990 0.8217 64.6S 4.5E 0 205
61 25 1581 Jan 05 06:49:58 120 -5182 P -1.1041 0.8121 63.7S 138.0W 0 216
62 26 1599 Jan 26 15:37:11 109 -4959 P -1.1125 0.7965 62.9S 80.9E 0 225
63 27 1617 Feb 06 00:20:23 94 -4736 P -1.1241 0.7750 62.2S 59.0W 0 235
64 28 1635 Feb 17 08:57:24 70 -4513 P -1.1407 0.7440 61.6S 162.7E 0 244
65 29 1653 Feb 27 17:28:50 44 -4290 P -1.1619 0.7043 61.3S 26.0E 0 253
66 30 1671 Mar 11 01:50:58 24 -4067 P -1.1906 0.6504 61.0S 108.3W 0 262
67 31 1689 Mar 21 10:06:42 9 -3844 P -1.2245 0.5867 61.0S 119.0E 0 271
68 32 1707 Apr 02 18:12:25 9 -3621 P -1.2661 0.5082 61.1S 11.1W 0 280
69 33 1725 Apr 13 02:11:23 10 -3398 P -1.3132 0.4193 61.4S 139.6W 0 289
70 34 1743 Apr 24 10:00:10 12 -3175 P -1.3682 0.3152 61.8S 94.4E 0 298
71 35 1761 May 04 17:43:11 15 -2952 P -1.4274 0.2031 62.4S 30.3W 0 307
72 36 1779 May 16 01:17:39 17 -2729 Pe -1.4928 0.0796 63.0S 153.1W 0 316
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
