The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 106 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0456 Jan 23. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1790 Apr 14. The total duration of Saros series 106 is 1334.23 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0456 Jan 23 08:46:30 TD
Last Eclipse = 1790 Apr 14 12:48:15 TD
Duration of Saros 106 = 1334.23 Years
Saros 106 is composed of 75 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 106 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 75 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 32 | 42.7% |
| Annular | A | 5 | 6.7% |
| Total | T | 34 | 45.3% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 4 | 5.3% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 106 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 106 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 97.7% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.3% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 75 eclipses in Saros 106: 12P 34T 4H 5A 20P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 106 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 0726 Jul 04 Duration = 06m31s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 1267 May 25 Duration = 01m37s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1411 Aug 19 Duration = 01m52s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1357 Jul 17 Duration = 00m26s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1285 Jun 04 Duration = 01m15s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1339 Jul 07 Duration = 00m01s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0654 May 22 Magnitude = 0.9990
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0456 Jan 23 Magnitude = 0.0112
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 106 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 106 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -40 0456 Jan 23 08:46:30 6081 -19096 Pb -1.5332 0.0112 69.0S 126.6W 0 203
02 -39 0474 Feb 02 17:16:01 5909 -18873 P -1.5145 0.0438 69.9S 93.0E 0 215
03 -38 0492 Feb 14 01:38:44 5736 -18650 P -1.4900 0.0876 70.7S 46.3W 0 228
04 -37 0510 Feb 24 09:54:50 5562 -18427 P -1.4600 0.1419 71.3S 175.5E 0 241
05 -36 0528 Mar 06 18:02:29 5387 -18204 P -1.4232 0.2100 71.7S 39.0E 0 255
06 -35 0546 Mar 18 02:03:46 5212 -17981 P -1.3808 0.2891 71.9S 96.1W 0 269
07 -34 0564 Mar 28 09:57:15 5033 -17758 P -1.3317 0.3821 71.8S 130.7E 0 283
08 -33 0582 Apr 08 17:44:36 4853 -17535 P -1.2773 0.4861 71.4S 0.7W 0 296
09 -32 0600 Apr 19 01:25:29 4674 -17312 P -1.2171 0.6021 70.9S 130.2W 0 309
10 -31 0618 Apr 30 09:01:45 4530 -17089 P -1.1526 0.7270 70.2S 102.2E 0 322
11 -30 0636 May 10 16:34:17 4387 -16866 P -1.0847 0.8593 69.3S 23.9W 0 334
12 -29 0654 May 22 00:02:55 4234 -16643 P -1.0131 0.9990 68.4S 148.5W 0 345
13 -28 0672 Jun 01 07:30:46 4055 -16420 T -0.9404 1.0680 48.1S 85.5E 19 358 663 05m06s
14 -27 0690 Jun 12 14:57:16 3875 -16197 T -0.8662 1.0718 36.8S 31.8W 30 3 469 05m52s
15 -26 0708 Jun 22 22:25:31 3712 -15974 T -0.7933 1.0737 28.8S 147.5W 37 8 393 06m18s
16 -25 0726 Jul 04 05:53:59 3568 -15751 T -0.7206 1.0745 22.6S 97.7E 44 12 347 06m31s
17 -24 0744 Jul 14 13:26:41 3425 -15528 T -0.6512 1.0741 18.0S 17.4W 49 16 314 06m30s
18 -23 0762 Jul 25 21:02:22 3281 -15305 T -0.5842 1.0729 14.8S 132.7W 54 19 289 06m20s
19 -22 0780 Aug 05 04:43:27 3137 -15082 T -0.5220 1.0708 13.0S 111.0E 58 23 267 06m03s
20 -21 0798 Aug 16 12:29:40 2994 -14859 T -0.4642 1.0680 12.4S 6.3W 62 26 248 05m42s
21 -20 0816 Aug 26 20:23:34 2850 -14636 T -0.4132 1.0647 12.8S 125.5W 66 28 230 05m20s
22 -19 0834 Sep 07 04:24:14 2706 -14413 T -0.3680 1.0609 14.2S 113.7E 68 30 214 04m57s
23 -18 0852 Sep 17 12:32:17 2563 -14190 T -0.3291 1.0569 16.3S 8.9W 71 30 197 04m35s
24 -17 0870 Sep 28 20:47:50 2419 -13967 T -0.2968 1.0527 19.0S 133.3W 73 30 182 04m15s
25 -16 0888 Oct 09 05:11:15 2275 -13744 T -0.2715 1.0484 22.1S 100.5E 74 30 167 03m55s
26 -15 0906 Oct 20 13:41:16 2145 -13521 T -0.2518 1.0444 25.3S 27.1W 75 28 153 03m37s
27 -14 0924 Oct 30 22:17:32 2037 -13298 T -0.2378 1.0405 28.5S 155.8W 76 25 139 03m20s
28 -13 0942 Nov 11 06:58:47 1930 -13075 T -0.2281 1.0370 31.4S 74.7E 77 22 127 03m05s
29 -12 0960 Nov 21 15:44:42 1822 -12852 T -0.2228 1.0338 33.8S 55.4W 77 18 117 02m52s
30 -11 0978 Dec 03 00:31:51 1714 -12629 T -0.2191 1.0311 35.4S 174.6E 77 13 108 02m41s
31 -10 0996 Dec 13 09:21:13 1606 -12406 T -0.2176 1.0289 36.2S 44.4E 77 8 100 02m32s
32 -09 1014 Dec 24 18:08:45 1514 -12183 T -0.2153 1.0272 35.9S 85.2W 77 2 95 02m25s
33 -08 1033 Jan 04 02:54:50 1424 -11960 T -0.2122 1.0260 34.5S 145.4E 78 357 91 02m21s
34 -07 1051 Jan 15 11:35:11 1334 -11737 T -0.2049 1.0252 31.9S 16.8E 78 352 88 02m18s
35 -06 1069 Jan 25 20:11:55 1245 -11514 T -0.1952 1.0249 28.4S 111.6W 79 349 86 02m19s
36 -05 1087 Feb 06 04:40:57 1155 -11291 T -0.1801 1.0248 24.0S 121.2E 79 346 86 02m20s
37 -04 1105 Feb 16 13:02:44 1070 -11068 T -0.1592 1.0249 18.9S 4.9W 81 344 86 02m23s
38 -03 1123 Feb 27 21:15:11 998 -10845 Tm -0.1313 1.0251 13.1S 129.3W 82 343 86 02m27s
39 -02 1141 Mar 10 05:19:43 927 -10622 T -0.0971 1.0254 6.9S 107.9E 84 342 87 02m30s
40 -01 1159 Mar 21 13:14:39 864 -10399 T -0.0557 1.0254 0.3S 12.7W 87 342 87 02m32s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 00 1177 Mar 31 21:00:18 810 -10176 T -0.0073 1.0253 6.6N 131.1W 90 341 86 02m33s
42 01 1195 Apr 12 04:37:20 757 -9953 T 0.0477 1.0248 13.6N 112.8E 87 165 84 02m29s
43 02 1213 Apr 22 12:06:14 703 -9730 T 0.1090 1.0239 20.7N 1.0W 84 167 82 02m23s
44 03 1231 May 03 19:27:05 649 -9507 T 0.1763 1.0224 27.8N 112.3W 80 169 78 02m11s
45 04 1249 May 14 02:41:14 595 -9284 T 0.2482 1.0204 34.7N 139.0E 75 173 72 01m56s
46 05 1267 May 25 09:49:28 549 -9061 T 0.3243 1.0177 41.2N 32.8E 71 177 64 01m37s
47 06 1285 Jun 04 16:53:58 502 -8838 H 0.4024 1.0143 47.2N 70.9W 66 182 54 01m15s
48 07 1303 Jun 15 23:53:41 458 -8615 H 0.4836 1.0103 52.5N 171.5W 61 189 41 00m52s
49 08 1321 Jun 26 06:52:55 426 -8392 H 0.5641 1.0056 56.7N 90.2E 55 198 23 00m27s
50 09 1339 Jul 07 13:50:33 394 -8169 H 0.6451 1.0002 59.8N 5.6W 50 208 1 00m01s
51 10 1357 Jul 17 20:50:34 363 -7946 A 0.7228 0.9942 61.5N 100.6W 43 219 29 00m26s
52 11 1375 Jul 29 03:50:53 335 -7723 A 0.7991 0.9876 62.3N 165.3E 37 231 72 00m54s
53 12 1393 Aug 08 10:56:18 306 -7500 A 0.8703 0.9804 62.3N 70.1E 29 241 140 01m22s
54 13 1411 Aug 19 18:05:20 280 -7277 A 0.9376 0.9724 62.2N 24.0W 20 253 284 01m52s
55 14 1429 Aug 30 01:20:30 255 -7054 A+ 0.9988 0.9782 61.0N 98.9W 0 282 - -
56 15 1447 Sep 10 08:41:40 230 -6831 P 1.0542 0.8785 60.8N 142.0E 0 274
57 16 1465 Sep 20 16:10:43 211 -6608 P 1.1020 0.7931 60.9N 21.1E 0 265
58 17 1483 Oct 01 23:47:15 193 -6385 P 1.1431 0.7202 61.1N 101.7W 0 256
59 18 1501 Oct 12 07:30:04 176 -6162 P 1.1784 0.6585 61.4N 133.8E 0 247
60 19 1519 Oct 23 15:20:34 162 -5939 P 1.2064 0.6096 61.9N 7.3E 0 238
61 20 1537 Nov 02 23:17:01 147 -5716 P 1.2286 0.5712 62.6N 120.8W 0 228
62 21 1555 Nov 14 07:19:27 134 -5493 P 1.2455 0.5423 63.3N 109.4E 0 219
63 22 1573 Nov 24 15:24:46 124 -5270 P 1.2591 0.5191 64.3N 21.4W 0 209
64 23 1591 Dec 15 23:33:56 113 -5047 P 1.2690 0.5024 65.3N 153.5W 0 199
65 24 1609 Dec 26 07:43:34 100 -4824 P 1.2776 0.4877 66.3N 73.8E 0 188
66 25 1628 Jan 06 15:52:52 85 -4601 P 1.2858 0.4739 67.4N 59.2W 0 177
67 26 1646 Jan 16 23:59:17 52 -4378 P 1.2957 0.4574 68.5N 167.8E 0 166
68 27 1664 Jan 28 08:02:31 32 -4155 P 1.3074 0.4376 69.6N 35.0E 0 154
69 28 1682 Feb 07 15:59:21 13 -3932 P 1.3238 0.4101 70.5N 96.8W 0 141
70 29 1700 Feb 18 23:49:35 8 -3709 P 1.3451 0.3744 71.2N 132.4E 0 128
71 30 1718 Mar 02 07:31:37 10 -3486 P 1.3723 0.3285 71.8N 3.2E 0 114
72 31 1736 Mar 12 15:05:55 11 -3263 P 1.4049 0.2733 72.1N 124.5W 0 100
73 32 1754 Mar 23 22:28:59 13 -3040 P 1.4463 0.2032 72.1N 110.6E 0 86
74 33 1772 Apr 03 05:43:53 16 -2817 P 1.4935 0.1229 71.9N 12.3W 0 72
75 34 1790 Apr 14 12:48:15 17 -2594 Pe 1.5487 0.0287 71.4N 132.1W 0 58
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
