Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 106

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 106

Solar eclipses of Saros 106 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0456 Jan 23. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1790 Apr 14. The total duration of Saros series 106 is 1334.23 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   0456 Jan 23   08:46:30 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   1790 Apr 14   12:48:15 TD

                      Duration of Saros 106  =  1334.23 Years

Saros 106 is composed of 75 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 106
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 75100.0%
PartialP 32 42.7%
AnnularA 5 6.7%
TotalT 34 45.3%
Hybrid[3]H 4 5.3%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 106 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 106
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 43100.0%
Central (two limits) 42 97.7%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 2.3%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 75 eclipses in Saros 106: 12P 34T 4H 5A 20P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 106 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 106
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 1411 Aug 1901m52s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 1357 Jul 1700m26s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 0726 Jul 0406m31s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 1267 May 2501m37s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1285 Jun 0401m15s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1339 Jul 0700m01s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 0654 May 22 - 0.99901
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 0456 Jan 23 - 0.01122

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 106

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 106. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 106.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 106

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

05834 -40  0456 Jan 23  08:46:30   6113 -19096   Pb  -1.5332  0.0112  69.0S 126.5W   0             
05877 -39  0474 Feb 02  17:16:01   5936 -18873   P   -1.5145  0.0438  69.9S  93.1E   0             
05920 -38  0492 Feb 14  01:38:44   5759 -18650   P   -1.4900  0.0876  70.7S  46.2W   0             
05964 -37  0510 Feb 24  09:54:50   5583 -18427   P   -1.4600  0.1419  71.3S 175.6E   0             
06008 -36  0528 Mar 06  18:02:29   5406 -18204   P   -1.4232  0.2100  71.7S  39.1E   0             
06053 -35  0546 Mar 18  02:03:46   5231 -17981   P   -1.3808  0.2891  71.9S  96.0W   0             
06099 -34  0564 Mar 28  09:57:15   5057 -17758   P   -1.3317  0.3821  71.8S 130.8E   0             
06145 -33  0582 Apr 08  17:44:36   4884 -17535   P   -1.2773  0.4861  71.4S   0.6W   0             
06191 -32  0600 Apr 19  01:25:29   4713 -17312   P   -1.2171  0.6021  70.9S 130.0W   0             
06236 -31  0618 Apr 30  09:01:45   4543 -17089   P   -1.1526  0.7270  70.2S 102.3E   0             

06281 -30  0636 May 10  16:34:17   4374 -16866   P   -1.0847  0.8593  69.3S  23.9W   0             
06327 -29  0654 May 22  00:02:55   4207 -16643   P   -1.0131  0.9990  68.4S 148.6W   0             
06373 -28  0672 Jun 01  07:30:46   4042 -16420   T   -0.9404  1.0680  48.1S  85.4E  19  663  05m06s
06418 -27  0690 Jun 12  14:57:16   3878 -16197   T   -0.8662  1.0718  36.8S  31.7W  30  469  05m52s
06462 -26  0708 Jun 22  22:25:31   3717 -15974   T   -0.7933  1.0737  28.8S 147.5W  37  393  06m18s
06504 -25  0726 Jul 04  05:53:59   3558 -15751   T   -0.7206  1.0745  22.6S  97.7E  44  347  06m31s
06546 -24  0744 Jul 14  13:26:41   3402 -15528   T   -0.6512  1.0741  18.0S  17.5W  49  314  06m30s
06588 -23  0762 Jul 25  21:02:22   3248 -15305   T   -0.5842  1.0729  14.8S 132.8W  54  289  06m20s
06629 -22  0780 Aug 05  04:43:27   3097 -15082   T   -0.5220  1.0708  13.0S 110.9E  58  267  06m03s
06670 -21  0798 Aug 16  12:29:40   2950 -14859   T   -0.4642  1.0680  12.4S   6.5W  62  248  05m42s

06711 -20  0816 Aug 26  20:23:34   2805 -14636   T   -0.4132  1.0647  12.8S 125.7W  66  230  05m20s
06752 -19  0834 Sep 07  04:24:14   2664 -14413   T   -0.3680  1.0609  14.2S 113.6E  68  214  04m57s
06792 -18  0852 Sep 17  12:32:17   2527 -14190   T   -0.3291  1.0569  16.3S   9.0W  71  197  04m35s
06832 -17  0870 Sep 28  20:47:50   2394 -13967   T   -0.2968  1.0527  19.0S 133.4W  73  182  04m15s
06872 -16  0888 Oct 09  05:11:15   2264 -13744   T   -0.2715  1.0484  22.1S 100.4E  74  167  03m55s
06912 -15  0906 Oct 20  13:41:16   2139 -13521   T   -0.2518  1.0444  25.3S  27.1W  75  153  03m37s
06952 -14  0924 Oct 30  22:17:32   2018 -13298   T   -0.2378  1.0405  28.5S 155.9W  76  139  03m20s
06993 -13  0942 Nov 11  06:58:47   1902 -13075   T   -0.2281  1.0370  31.4S  74.6E  77  127  03m05s
07034 -12  0960 Nov 21  15:44:42   1790 -12852   T   -0.2228  1.0338  33.8S  55.6W  77  117  02m52s
07074 -11  0978 Dec 03  00:31:51   1682 -12629   T   -0.2191  1.0311  35.4S 174.5E  77  108  02m41s

07116 -10  0996 Dec 13  09:21:13   1579 -12406   T   -0.2176  1.0289  36.2S  44.3E  77  100  02m32s
07158 -09  1014 Dec 24  18:08:45   1481 -12183   T   -0.2153  1.0272  35.9S  85.3W  77   95  02m25s
07200 -08  1033 Jan 04  02:54:50   1387 -11960   T   -0.2122  1.0260  34.5S 145.2E  78   91  02m21s
07243 -07  1051 Jan 15  11:35:11   1298 -11737   T   -0.2049  1.0252  31.9S  16.7E  78   88  02m18s
07287 -06  1069 Jan 25  20:11:55   1214 -11514   T   -0.1952  1.0249  28.4S 111.7W  79   86  02m19s
07331 -05  1087 Feb 06  04:40:57   1134 -11291   T   -0.1801  1.0248  24.0S 121.1E  79   86  02m20s
07377 -04  1105 Feb 16  13:02:44   1058 -11068   T   -0.1592  1.0249  18.9S   5.0W  81   86  02m23s
07422 -03  1123 Feb 27  21:15:11    987 -10845   Tm  -0.1313  1.0251  13.1S 129.3W  82   86  02m27s
07467 -02  1141 Mar 10  05:19:43    920 -10622   T   -0.0971  1.0254   6.9S 107.9E  84   87  02m30s
07512 -01  1159 Mar 21  13:14:39    857 -10399   T   -0.0557  1.0254   0.3S  12.7W  87   87  02m32s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 106

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

07557  00  1177 Mar 31  21:00:18    798 -10176   T   -0.0073  1.0253   6.6N 131.2W  90   86  02m33s
07602  01  1195 Apr 12  04:37:20    743  -9953   T    0.0477  1.0248  13.6N 112.7E  87   84  02m29s
07647  02  1213 Apr 22  12:06:14    691  -9730   T    0.1090  1.0239  20.7N   1.1W  84   82  02m23s
07693  03  1231 May 03  19:27:05    643  -9507   T    0.1763  1.0224  27.8N 112.3W  80   78  02m11s
07739  04  1249 May 14  02:41:14    598  -9284   T    0.2482  1.0204  34.7N 139.0E  75   72  01m56s
07783  05  1267 May 25  09:49:28    556  -9061   T    0.3243  1.0177  41.2N  32.9E  71   64  01m37s
07826  06  1285 Jun 04  16:53:58    516  -8838   H    0.4024  1.0143  47.2N  70.8W  66   54  01m15s
07869  07  1303 Jun 15  23:53:41    479  -8615   H    0.4836  1.0103  52.5N 171.4W  61   41  00m52s
07911  08  1321 Jun 26  06:52:55    445  -8392   H    0.5641  1.0056  56.7N  90.3E  55   23  00m27s
07952  09  1339 Jul 07  13:50:33    413  -8169   H    0.6451  1.0002  59.8N   5.5W  50    1  00m01s

07993  10  1357 Jul 17  20:50:34    382  -7946   A    0.7228  0.9942  61.5N 100.5W  43   29  00m26s
08034  11  1375 Jul 29  03:50:53    354  -7723   A    0.7991  0.9876  62.3N 165.3E  37   72  00m54s
08075  12  1393 Aug 08  10:56:18    327  -7500   A    0.8703  0.9804  62.3N  70.1E  29  140  01m22s
08115  13  1411 Aug 19  18:05:20    302  -7277   A    0.9376  0.9724  62.2N  23.9W  20  284  01m52s
08155  14  1429 Aug 30  01:20:30    277  -7054   A+   0.9988  0.9782  61.0N  98.8W   0             
08195  15  1447 Sep 10  08:41:40    255  -6831   P    1.0542  0.8785  60.8N 142.2E   0             
08235  16  1465 Sep 20  16:10:43    233  -6608   P    1.1020  0.7931  60.9N  21.2E   0             
08275  17  1483 Oct 01  23:47:15    213  -6385   P    1.1431  0.7202  61.1N 101.7W   0             
08316  18  1501 Oct 12  07:30:04    194  -6162   P    1.1784  0.6585  61.4N 133.9E   0             
08358  19  1519 Oct 23  15:20:34    176  -5939   P    1.2064  0.6096  61.9N   7.4E   0             

08399  20  1537 Nov 02  23:17:01    160  -5716   P    1.2286  0.5712  62.6N 120.7W   0             
08440  21  1555 Nov 14  07:19:27    145  -5493   P    1.2455  0.5423  63.3N 109.4E   0             
08481  22  1573 Nov 24  15:24:46    133  -5270   P    1.2591  0.5191  64.3N  21.4W   0             
08522  23  1591 Dec 15  23:33:56    122  -5047   P    1.2690  0.5024  65.3N 153.5W   0             
08562  24  1609 Dec 26  07:43:34    107  -4824   P    1.2776  0.4877  66.3N  73.9E   0             
08606  25  1628 Jan 06  15:52:52     82  -4601   P    1.2858  0.4739  67.4N  59.2W   0             
08651  26  1646 Jan 16  23:59:17     55  -4378   P    1.2957  0.4574  68.5N 167.8E   0             
08696  27  1664 Jan 28  08:02:31     30  -4155   P    1.3074  0.4376  69.6N  35.0E   0             
08742  28  1682 Feb 07  15:59:21     13  -3932   P    1.3238  0.4101  70.5N  96.8W   0             
08787  29  1700 Feb 18  23:49:35      8  -3709   P    1.3451  0.3744  71.2N 132.4E   0             

08832  30  1718 Mar 02  07:31:37     10  -3486   P    1.3723  0.3285  71.8N   3.2E   0             
08877  31  1736 Mar 12  15:05:55     11  -3263   P    1.4049  0.2733  72.1N 124.5W   0             
08923  32  1754 Mar 23  22:28:59     13  -3040   P    1.4463  0.2032  72.1N 110.6E   0             
08968  33  1772 Apr 03  05:43:53     16  -2817   P    1.4935  0.1229  71.9N  12.3W   0             
09014  34  1790 Apr 14  12:48:15     16  -2594   Pe   1.5487  0.0287  71.4N 132.1W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26