The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 111 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0528 Aug 30. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1935 Jan 05. The total duration of Saros series 111 is 1406.35 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0528 Aug 30 20:01:34 TD
Last Eclipse = 1935 Jan 05 05:35:46 TD
Duration of Saros 111 = 1406.35 Years
Saros 111 is composed of 79 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 111 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 79 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 37 | 46.8% |
| Annular | A | 11 | 13.9% |
| Total | T | 17 | 21.5% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 14 | 17.7% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 111 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 111 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 42 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 79 eclipses in Saros 111: 21P 11A 14H 17T 16P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 111 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 1592 Jun 09 Duration = 06m11s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 1358 Jan 10 Duration = 01m38s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0907 Apr 15 Duration = 03m04s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1087 Aug 01 Duration = 00m02s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1339 Dec 31 Duration = 01m20s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1105 Aug 11 Duration = 00m05s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1664 Jul 23 Magnitude = 0.9581
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1935 Jan 05 Magnitude = 0.0013
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 111 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 111 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -34 0528 Aug 30 20:01:34 5383 -18198 Pb 1.5569 0.0164 71.4N 17.4E 0 297
02 -33 0546 Sep 11 03:08:22 5207 -17975 P 1.5085 0.0994 71.8N 103.9W 0 283
03 -32 0564 Sep 21 10:24:56 5028 -17752 P 1.4676 0.1693 72.0N 132.1E 0 269
04 -31 0582 Oct 02 17:50:20 4848 -17529 P 1.4333 0.2276 71.8N 5.8E 0 255
05 -30 0600 Oct 13 01:25:21 4670 -17306 P 1.4062 0.2734 71.5N 122.6W 0 241
06 -29 0618 Oct 24 09:08:27 4526 -17083 P 1.3853 0.3086 70.8N 107.5E 0 228
07 -28 0636 Nov 03 16:57:50 4383 -16860 P 1.3690 0.3360 70.0N 23.4W 0 215
08 -27 0654 Nov 15 00:54:10 4229 -16637 P 1.3578 0.3547 69.1N 155.5W 0 202
09 -26 0672 Nov 25 08:54:26 4050 -16414 P 1.3490 0.3694 68.0N 72.1E 0 190
10 -25 0690 Dec 06 16:57:53 3870 -16191 P 1.3426 0.3801 66.9N 60.6W 0 179
11 -24 0708 Dec 17 01:00:57 3708 -15968 P 1.3352 0.3923 65.8N 167.5E 0 168
12 -23 0726 Dec 28 09:04:22 3565 -15745 P 1.3278 0.4046 64.8N 36.0E 0 158
13 -22 0745 Jan 07 17:04:29 3421 -15522 P 1.3168 0.4226 63.8N 94.3W 0 148
14 -21 0763 Jan 19 01:00:28 3277 -15299 P 1.3022 0.4470 63.0N 136.8E 0 138
15 -20 0781 Jan 29 08:50:22 3134 -15076 P 1.2820 0.4807 62.2N 9.6E 0 128
16 -19 0799 Feb 09 16:34:07 2990 -14853 P 1.2562 0.5241 61.6N 115.8W 0 119
17 -18 0817 Feb 20 00:10:20 2846 -14630 P 1.2237 0.5794 61.2N 120.8E 0 110
18 -17 0835 Mar 03 07:38:42 2702 -14407 P 1.1839 0.6476 60.9N 0.6W 0 101
19 -16 0853 Mar 13 14:59:08 2559 -14184 P 1.1368 0.7290 60.8N 119.9W 0 92
20 -15 0871 Mar 24 22:12:34 2415 -13961 P 1.0832 0.8227 60.8N 122.5E 0 83
21 -14 0889 Apr 04 05:17:45 2271 -13738 P 1.0218 0.9306 61.0N 7.0E 0 75
22 -13 0907 Apr 15 12:17:35 2142 -13515 A 0.9549 0.9550 63.9N 70.8W 17 99 557 03m04s
23 -12 0925 Apr 25 19:11:24 2034 -13292 A 0.8822 0.9628 64.2N 156.5W 28 115 285 02m40s
24 -11 0943 May 07 02:02:38 1927 -13069 A 0.8059 0.9693 64.0N 114.3E 36 129 185 02m17s
25 -10 0961 May 17 08:48:53 1819 -12846 A 0.7245 0.9753 62.8N 25.2E 43 142 128 01m54s
26 -09 0979 May 28 15:35:35 1711 -12623 A 0.6424 0.9806 60.5N 65.8W 50 154 90 01m34s
27 -08 0997 Jun 07 22:20:33 1604 -12400 A 0.5580 0.9853 56.8N 158.5W 56 164 63 01m15s
28 -07 1015 Jun 19 05:08:27 1511 -12177 A 0.4748 0.9894 52.0N 105.5E 61 173 43 00m57s
29 -06 1033 Jun 29 11:57:10 1422 -11954 A 0.3912 0.9928 46.2N 7.0E 67 180 27 00m40s
30 -05 1051 Jul 10 18:52:23 1332 -11731 A 0.3120 0.9957 39.9N 95.0W 72 185 16 00m26s
31 -04 1069 Jul 21 01:51:43 1242 -11508 A 0.2355 0.9979 33.2N 160.6E 76 189 8 00m13s
32 -03 1087 Aug 01 08:58:39 1152 -11285 A 0.1644 0.9996 26.2N 53.2E 80 192 1 00m02s
33 -02 1105 Aug 11 16:12:35 1068 -11062 H 0.0982 1.0008 19.0N 56.6W 84 194 3 00m05s
34 -01 1123 Aug 22 23:36:13 996 -10839 H 0.0391 1.0016 11.9N 169.2W 88 195 6 00m10s
35 00 1141 Sep 02 07:08:35 925 -10616 H -0.0136 1.0021 4.9N 75.7E 89 18 7 00m13s
36 01 1159 Sep 13 14:50:28 863 -10393 H -0.0591 1.0023 1.9S 41.7W 87 18 8 00m15s
37 02 1177 Sep 23 22:42:22 809 -10170 H -0.0971 1.0025 8.3S 161.5W 84 18 9 00m16s
38 03 1195 Oct 05 06:44:13 755 -9947 H -0.1277 1.0026 14.3S 76.6E 83 17 9 00m16s
39 04 1213 Oct 15 14:54:53 702 -9724 H -0.1519 1.0029 19.8S 47.0W 81 16 10 00m18s
40 05 1231 Oct 26 23:14:27 648 -9501 Hm -0.1694 1.0033 24.6S 172.2W 80 13 12 00m20s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 06 1249 Nov 06 07:41:11 594 -9278 H -0.1817 1.0041 28.7S 61.6E 79 10 14 00m24s
42 07 1267 Nov 17 16:14:34 547 -9055 H -0.1891 1.0052 31.8S 65.6W 79 6 18 00m30s
43 08 1285 Nov 28 00:51:28 501 -8832 H -0.1943 1.0068 33.9S 167.0E 79 1 24 00m39s
44 09 1303 Dec 09 09:32:53 457 -8609 H -0.1964 1.0089 34.9S 38.9E 78 356 31 00m50s
45 10 1321 Dec 19 18:15:02 425 -8386 H -0.1987 1.0115 34.9S 89.2W 78 351 40 01m04s
46 11 1339 Dec 31 02:57:36 393 -8163 H -0.2011 1.0147 33.9S 142.4E 78 346 52 01m20s
47 12 1358 Jan 10 11:37:17 363 -7940 T -0.2065 1.0183 32.0S 14.4E 78 341 64 01m38s
48 13 1376 Jan 21 20:15:01 334 -7717 T -0.2141 1.0225 29.5S 113.6W 77 337 78 01m58s
49 14 1394 Feb 01 04:47:49 305 -7494 T -0.2268 1.0270 26.6S 119.2E 77 334 94 02m19s
50 15 1412 Feb 12 13:15:02 279 -7271 T -0.2446 1.0319 23.5S 7.1W 76 332 111 02m42s
51 16 1430 Feb 22 21:35:50 254 -7048 T -0.2685 1.0369 20.5S 131.9W 74 330 128 03m05s
52 17 1448 Mar 05 05:49:57 229 -6825 T -0.2984 1.0421 17.7S 104.6E 73 330 147 03m30s
53 18 1466 Mar 16 13:57:13 211 -6602 T -0.3348 1.0471 15.3S 17.2W 70 330 165 03m56s
54 19 1484 Mar 26 21:56:47 193 -6379 T -0.3782 1.0521 13.5S 137.1W 68 331 185 04m22s
55 20 1502 Apr 07 05:49:59 176 -6156 T -0.4276 1.0567 12.6S 104.6E 65 333 205 04m49s
56 21 1520 Apr 17 13:36:46 161 -5933 T -0.4825 1.0609 12.6S 12.2W 61 335 226 05m15s
57 22 1538 Apr 28 21:17:31 147 -5710 T -0.5432 1.0645 13.7S 127.7W 57 338 249 05m38s
58 23 1556 May 09 04:53:36 134 -5487 T -0.6079 1.0673 16.0S 117.7E 52 342 274 05m58s
59 24 1574 May 20 12:25:42 123 -5264 T -0.6763 1.0694 19.7S 3.7E 47 346 305 06m09s
60 25 1592 Jun 09 19:55:49 113 -5041 T -0.7465 1.0705 24.7S 110.4W 42 350 344 06m11s
61 26 1610 Jun 21 03:23:00 100 -4818 T -0.8193 1.0705 31.5S 135.5E 35 354 400 05m59s
62 27 1628 Jul 01 10:50:39 85 -4595 T -0.8917 1.0692 40.3S 20.0E 27 358 501 05m32s
63 28 1646 Jul 12 18:18:19 51 -4372 T -0.9641 1.0658 53.2S 98.0W 15 5 834 04m44s
64 29 1664 Jul 23 01:48:46 31 -4149 P -1.0343 0.9581 68.8S 134.7E 0 18
65 30 1682 Aug 03 09:21:11 13 -3926 P -1.1028 0.8246 69.7S 9.5E 0 30
66 31 1700 Aug 14 16:59:06 8 -3703 P -1.1668 0.7000 70.6S 117.5W 0 42
67 32 1718 Aug 26 00:41:45 10 -3480 P -1.2267 0.5837 71.2S 113.7E 0 55
68 33 1736 Sep 05 08:30:26 11 -3257 P -1.2817 0.4775 71.7S 17.1W 0 68
69 34 1754 Sep 16 16:25:41 13 -3034 P -1.3314 0.3821 71.9S 149.9W 0 82
70 35 1772 Sep 27 00:28:19 16 -2811 P -1.3751 0.2988 72.0S 75.4E 0 96
71 36 1790 Oct 08 08:38:52 16 -2588 P -1.4122 0.2287 71.7S 61.3W 0 110
72 37 1808 Oct 19 16:55:30 12 -2365 P -1.4443 0.1687 71.3S 160.8E 0 123
73 38 1826 Oct 31 01:20:38 9 -2142 P -1.4696 0.1222 70.6S 21.2E 0 136
74 39 1844 Nov 10 09:51:45 6 -1919 P -1.4902 0.0847 69.8S 119.3W 0 149
75 40 1862 Nov 21 18:29:48 7 -1696 P -1.5052 0.0580 68.8S 99.1E 0 161
76 41 1880 Dec 02 03:11:33 -5 -1473 P -1.5172 0.0369 67.8S 42.9W 0 173
77 42 1898 Dec 13 11:58:13 -4 -1250 P -1.5253 0.0231 66.8S 174.5E 0 184
78 43 1916 Dec 24 20:46:22 19 -1027 P -1.5321 0.0114 65.7S 32.1E 0 195
79 44 1935 Jan 05 05:35:46 24 -804 Pe -1.5381 0.0013 64.7S 110.2W 0 205
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
