The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 112 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0539 Jul 31. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1819 Sep 19. The total duration of Saros series 112 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0539 Jul 31 01:59:02 TD
Last Eclipse = 1819 Sep 19 13:03:47 TD
Duration of Saros 112 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 112 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 112 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 29 | 40.3% |
| Annular | A | 5 | 6.9% |
| Total | T | 24 | 33.3% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 14 | 19.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 112 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 112 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 112: 21P 24T 14H 5A 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 112 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 1062 Jun 09 Duration = 07m20s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 1332 Nov 18 Duration = 02m01s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1675 Jun 23 Duration = 01m01s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1603 May 11 Duration = 00m07s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1350 Nov 30 Duration = 01m42s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1585 Apr 29 Duration = 00m03s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0900 Mar 04 Magnitude = 0.9933
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1819 Sep 19 Magnitude = 0.0595
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 112 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 112 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -36 0539 Jul 31 01:59:02 5276 -18063 Pb -1.4924 0.0889 62.6S 123.0E 0 47
02 -35 0557 Aug 10 09:28:40 5099 -17840 P -1.4288 0.2066 62.0S 0.8E 0 56
03 -34 0575 Aug 21 17:06:51 4919 -17617 P -1.3710 0.3137 61.5S 123.4W 0 65
04 -33 0593 Sep 01 00:53:15 4739 -17394 P -1.3190 0.4100 61.1S 110.4E 0 74
05 -32 0611 Sep 12 08:49:34 4583 -17171 P -1.2744 0.4929 60.9S 18.0W 0 83
06 -31 0629 Sep 22 16:55:16 4439 -16948 P -1.2369 0.5622 60.8S 148.7W 0 92
07 -30 0647 Oct 04 01:10:30 4296 -16725 P -1.2065 0.6186 60.9S 78.2E 0 101
08 -29 0665 Oct 14 09:33:22 4121 -16502 P -1.1819 0.6641 61.2S 57.0W 0 110
09 -28 0683 Oct 25 18:04:33 3941 -16279 P -1.1635 0.6981 61.7S 165.7E 0 119
10 -27 0701 Nov 05 02:42:23 3765 -16056 P -1.1502 0.7226 62.3S 26.6E 0 128
11 -26 0719 Nov 16 11:25:02 3621 -15833 P -1.1408 0.7402 63.0S 113.8W 0 138
12 -25 0737 Nov 26 20:12:02 3478 -15610 P -1.1347 0.7516 63.9S 104.4E 0 148
13 -24 0755 Dec 08 05:00:55 3334 -15387 P -1.1301 0.7604 64.8S 38.1W 0 158
14 -23 0773 Dec 18 13:51:01 3190 -15164 P -1.1264 0.7678 65.9S 178.7E 0 168
15 -22 0791 Dec 29 22:38:40 3047 -14941 P -1.1206 0.7792 67.0S 35.6E 0 179
16 -21 0810 Jan 09 07:25:19 2903 -14718 P -1.1139 0.7924 68.0S 107.8W 0 191
17 -20 0828 Jan 20 16:07:03 2759 -14495 P -1.1035 0.8129 69.1S 109.5E 0 203
18 -19 0846 Jan 31 00:44:07 2615 -14272 P -1.0889 0.8414 70.0S 32.7W 0 215
19 -18 0864 Feb 11 09:14:03 2472 -14049 P -1.0684 0.8814 70.8S 173.8W 0 228
20 -17 0882 Feb 21 17:38:16 2328 -13826 P -1.0431 0.9309 71.4S 46.1E 0 241
21 -16 0900 Mar 04 01:54:43 2185 -13603 P -1.0112 0.9933 71.8S 92.6W 0 255
22 -15 0918 Mar 15 10:03:27 2077 -13380 T -0.9730 1.0489 68.4S 94.5E 13 303 737 02m53s
23 -14 0936 Mar 25 18:04:49 1969 -13157 T -0.9284 1.0555 59.4S 48.4W 21 324 496 03m37s
24 -13 0954 Apr 06 01:59:15 1861 -12934 T -0.8778 1.0611 50.3S 178.8W 28 334 417 04m20s
25 -12 0972 Apr 16 09:46:46 1754 -12711 T -0.8213 1.0660 41.4S 56.3E 34 341 376 05m04s
26 -11 0990 Apr 27 17:28:21 1646 -12488 T -0.7599 1.0700 33.0S 65.1W 40 346 349 05m45s
27 -10 1008 May 08 01:04:50 1547 -12265 T -0.6940 1.0734 25.1S 176.0E 46 350 330 06m22s
28 -09 1026 May 19 08:37:49 1457 -12042 T -0.6251 1.0758 17.8S 59.0E 51 355 314 06m52s
29 -08 1044 May 29 16:06:22 1367 -11819 T -0.5525 1.0775 11.1S 56.0W 56 359 300 07m12s
30 -07 1062 Jun 09 23:34:05 1278 -11596 T -0.4793 1.0781 5.2S 170.1W 61 3 287 07m20s
31 -06 1080 Jun 20 07:00:13 1188 -11373 T -0.4047 1.0779 0.2S 77.0E 66 7 275 07m18s
32 -05 1098 Jul 01 14:28:20 1098 -11150 T -0.3320 1.0768 3.8N 35.8W 71 11 263 07m05s
33 -04 1116 Jul 11 21:56:21 1025 -10927 T -0.2594 1.0748 6.8N 147.9W 75 15 251 06m46s
34 -03 1134 Jul 23 05:29:19 953 -10704 T -0.1910 1.0720 8.6N 99.1E 79 19 238 06m21s
35 -02 1152 Aug 02 13:04:59 884 -10481 T -0.1250 1.0685 9.5N 14.4W 83 23 225 05m55s
36 -01 1170 Aug 13 20:46:50 830 -10258 T -0.0646 1.0645 9.3N 129.3W 86 26 211 05m28s
37 00 1188 Aug 24 04:32:58 776 -10035 Tm -0.0082 1.0598 8.4N 114.7E 90 31 197 05m01s
38 01 1206 Sep 04 12:27:26 723 -9812 T 0.0409 1.0549 6.8N 3.7W 88 208 181 04m36s
39 02 1224 Sep 14 20:27:49 669 -9589 T 0.0847 1.0496 4.7N 123.7W 85 209 165 04m11s
40 03 1242 Sep 26 04:35:39 615 -9366 T 0.1219 1.0443 2.2N 114.3E 83 209 149 03m48s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 04 1260 Oct 06 12:50:25 566 -9143 T 0.1527 1.0390 0.4S 9.6W 81 208 132 03m25s
42 05 1278 Oct 17 21:13:01 519 -8920 T 0.1762 1.0338 3.0S 135.5W 80 205 116 03m03s
43 06 1296 Oct 28 05:41:29 473 -8697 T 0.1946 1.0289 5.5S 97.1E 79 203 100 02m41s
44 07 1314 Nov 08 14:15:05 438 -8474 T 0.2080 1.0244 7.6S 31.4W 78 199 85 02m20s
45 08 1332 Nov 18 22:53:10 406 -8251 T 0.2172 1.0202 9.2S 160.9W 78 195 71 02m01s
46 09 1350 Nov 30 07:34:51 374 -8028 H3 0.2227 1.0166 10.3S 68.8E 77 191 58 01m42s
47 10 1368 Dec 10 16:17:17 345 -7805 H 0.2270 1.0135 10.5S 61.7W 77 186 48 01m25s
48 11 1386 Dec 22 01:00:27 317 -7582 H 0.2300 1.0109 10.0S 167.6E 77 182 39 01m10s
49 12 1405 Jan 01 09:41:37 289 -7359 H 0.2343 1.0089 8.6S 37.4E 77 177 32 00m57s
50 13 1423 Jan 12 18:20:19 264 -7136 H 0.2400 1.0073 6.2S 92.5W 76 173 26 00m48s
51 14 1441 Jan 23 02:52:50 239 -6913 H 0.2503 1.0062 2.9S 138.8E 76 170 22 00m40s
52 15 1459 Feb 03 11:20:41 218 -6690 H 0.2638 1.0054 1.1N 11.0E 75 167 19 00m34s
53 16 1477 Feb 13 19:40:23 200 -6467 H 0.2833 1.0048 6.0N 115.1W 74 164 17 00m30s
54 17 1495 Feb 25 03:52:03 182 -6244 H 0.3090 1.0044 11.5N 120.4E 72 163 16 00m27s
55 18 1513 Mar 07 11:54:03 167 -6021 H 0.3421 1.0040 17.6N 1.9W 70 161 15 00m24s
56 19 1531 Mar 18 19:47:21 153 -5798 H 0.3818 1.0036 24.3N 122.1W 67 161 13 00m21s
57 20 1549 Mar 29 03:30:55 138 -5575 H 0.4285 1.0029 31.4N 120.0E 64 161 11 00m16s
58 21 1567 Apr 09 11:04:08 128 -5352 H 0.4830 1.0020 38.9N 4.9E 61 161 8 00m11s
59 22 1585 Apr 29 18:28:58 117 -5129 H 0.5436 1.0005 46.6N 107.7W 57 162 2 00m03s
60 23 1603 May 11 01:44:59 106 -4906 A 0.6107 0.9987 54.7N 142.6E 52 163 6 00m07s
61 24 1621 May 21 08:53:44 91 -4683 A 0.6828 0.9962 63.1N 36.1E 47 167 18 00m18s
62 25 1639 Jun 01 15:55:16 62 -4460 A 0.7597 0.9930 71.7N 65.3W 40 173 38 00m31s
63 26 1657 Jun 11 22:52:09 39 -4237 A 0.8395 0.9888 80.5N 153.7W 33 190 73 00m45s
64 27 1675 Jun 23 05:44:39 20 -4014 A 0.9219 0.9835 84.1N 166.1W 22 282 154 01m01s
65 28 1693 Jul 03 12:33:52 8 -3791 P 1.0058 0.9718 64.8N 146.3E 0 336
66 29 1711 Jul 15 19:22:11 9 -3568 P 1.0894 0.8216 63.9N 34.6E 0 327
67 30 1729 Jul 26 02:10:40 10 -3345 P 1.1718 0.6746 63.1N 76.9W 0 318
68 31 1747 Aug 06 09:01:21 12 -3122 P 1.2512 0.5339 62.4N 171.3E 0 309
69 32 1765 Aug 16 15:54:02 16 -2899 P 1.3279 0.3994 61.8N 59.2E 0 300
70 33 1783 Aug 27 22:52:06 17 -2676 P 1.3991 0.2757 61.4N 54.1W 0 291
71 34 1801 Sep 08 05:54:40 13 -2453 P 1.4657 0.1614 61.1N 168.5W 0 282
72 35 1819 Sep 19 13:03:47 12 -2230 Pe 1.5258 0.0595 61.0N 75.6E 0 274
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
