The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 113 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0586 Jul 22. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1848 Aug 28. The total duration of Saros series 113 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0586 Jul 22 01:07:19 TD
Last Eclipse = 1848 Aug 28 19:18:22 TD
Duration of Saros 113 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 113 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 113 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 31 | 43.7% |
| Annular | A | 40 | 56.3% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 113 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 113 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 113: 23P 40A 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 113 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1397 Nov 20 Duration = 09m32s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1037 Apr 18 Duration = 02m21s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0983 Mar 17 Magnitude = 0.9317
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1848 Aug 28 Magnitude = 0.0090
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 113 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 113 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -36 0586 Jul 22 01:07:19 4810 -17482 Pb 1.4880 0.0869 68.6N 15.6W 0 342
02 -35 0604 Aug 01 08:37:51 4640 -17259 P 1.4301 0.1981 69.5N 140.8W 0 330
03 -34 0622 Aug 12 16:12:43 4496 -17036 P 1.3763 0.3006 70.3N 92.4E 0 318
04 -33 0640 Aug 22 23:54:28 4353 -16813 P 1.3287 0.3906 71.0N 36.7W 0 305
05 -32 0658 Sep 03 07:42:11 4192 -16590 P 1.2866 0.4693 71.5N 167.8W 0 292
06 -31 0676 Sep 13 15:37:12 4012 -16367 P 1.2509 0.5352 71.8N 58.7E 0 278
07 -30 0694 Sep 24 23:39:10 3832 -16144 P 1.2216 0.5889 71.8N 76.7W 0 264
08 -29 0712 Oct 05 07:48:54 3678 -15921 P 1.1989 0.6297 71.6N 146.2E 0 250
09 -28 0730 Oct 16 16:04:50 3534 -15698 P 1.1824 0.6590 71.2N 7.8E 0 236
10 -27 0748 Oct 27 00:26:16 3391 -15475 P 1.1709 0.6789 70.5N 131.4W 0 223
11 -26 0766 Nov 07 08:52:52 3247 -15252 P 1.1644 0.6897 69.6N 88.6E 0 210
12 -25 0784 Nov 17 17:23:51 3103 -15029 P 1.1619 0.6934 68.7N 51.8W 0 198
13 -24 0802 Nov 29 01:56:35 2960 -14806 P 1.1616 0.6933 67.6N 168.0E 0 186
14 -23 0820 Dec 09 10:30:28 2816 -14583 P 1.1629 0.6904 66.5N 28.1E 0 175
15 -22 0838 Dec 20 19:02:58 2672 -14360 P 1.1638 0.6885 65.5N 111.0W 0 164
16 -21 0856 Dec 31 03:34:01 2528 -14137 P 1.1642 0.6875 64.5N 110.7E 0 154
17 -20 0875 Jan 11 11:59:11 2385 -13914 P 1.1603 0.6941 63.6N 25.8W 0 144
18 -19 0893 Jan 21 20:20:19 2241 -13691 P 1.1538 0.7054 62.8N 160.9W 0 134
19 -18 0911 Feb 02 04:32:54 2119 -13468 P 1.1410 0.7279 62.1N 66.4E 0 125
20 -17 0929 Feb 12 12:38:40 2012 -13245 P 1.1233 0.7590 61.5N 64.4W 0 116
21 -16 0947 Feb 23 20:33:12 1904 -13022 P 1.0972 0.8049 61.2N 167.7E 0 107
22 -15 0965 Mar 06 04:19:59 1796 -12799 P 1.0655 0.8607 60.9N 41.9E 0 98
23 -14 0983 Mar 17 11:55:18 1689 -12576 P 1.0251 0.9317 60.9N 81.0W 0 89
24 -13 1001 Mar 27 19:20:56 1582 -12353 A 0.9775 0.9637 61.1N 177.9W 11 101 642 02m26s
25 -12 1019 Apr 08 02:36:00 1492 -12130 A 0.9222 0.9663 60.6N 87.5E 22 113 311 02m23s
26 -11 1037 Apr 18 09:42:40 1403 -11907 A 0.8607 0.9679 60.7N 9.8W 30 121 225 02m21s
27 -10 1055 Apr 29 16:40:32 1313 -11684 A 0.7927 0.9687 60.8N 105.1W 37 130 183 02m22s
28 -09 1073 May 09 23:30:35 1223 -11461 A 0.7189 0.9690 60.3N 161.8E 44 140 160 02m27s
29 -08 1091 May 21 06:14:32 1133 -11238 A 0.6408 0.9687 58.7N 70.0E 50 150 146 02m37s
30 -07 1109 May 31 12:53:47 1053 -11015 A 0.5596 0.9678 55.9N 21.7W 56 160 140 02m51s
31 -06 1127 Jun 11 19:28:58 981 -10792 A 0.4756 0.9664 51.8N 114.2W 61 169 138 03m10s
32 -05 1145 Jun 22 02:02:44 910 -10569 A 0.3909 0.9645 46.6N 151.7E 67 176 140 03m35s
33 -04 1163 Jul 03 08:36:04 851 -10346 A 0.3064 0.9620 40.5N 55.9E 72 182 145 04m06s
34 -03 1181 Jul 13 15:11:38 798 -10123 A 0.2244 0.9590 33.9N 42.0W 77 186 153 04m42s
35 -02 1199 Jul 24 21:48:31 744 -9900 A 0.1439 0.9557 26.8N 141.4W 82 190 163 05m21s
36 -01 1217 Aug 04 04:30:50 690 -9677 Am 0.0686 0.9520 19.4N 117.0E 86 192 176 06m01s
37 00 1235 Aug 15 11:17:23 636 -9454 A -0.0027 0.9481 11.9N 13.8E 90 28 191 06m40s
38 01 1253 Aug 25 18:11:53 584 -9231 A -0.0671 0.9440 4.4N 91.9W 86 16 207 07m16s
39 02 1271 Sep 06 01:12:00 538 -9008 A -0.1263 0.9398 3.0S 161.0E 83 17 225 07m48s
40 03 1289 Sep 16 08:22:02 491 -8785 A -0.1768 0.9357 10.1S 51.4E 80 18 243 08m15s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 04 1307 Sep 27 15:39:04 451 -8562 A -0.2211 0.9317 16.9S 59.7W 77 18 261 08m39s
42 05 1325 Oct 07 23:05:32 418 -8339 A -0.2574 0.9281 23.2S 172.6W 75 17 279 08m57s
43 06 1343 Oct 19 06:39:25 386 -8116 A -0.2873 0.9247 29.0S 73.3E 73 16 296 09m12s
44 07 1361 Oct 29 14:21:52 357 -7893 A -0.3101 0.9219 34.1S 42.1W 72 13 310 09m22s
45 08 1379 Nov 09 22:10:29 328 -7670 A -0.3275 0.9195 38.3S 158.1W 71 10 323 09m29s
46 09 1397 Nov 20 06:04:18 299 -7447 A -0.3407 0.9178 41.6S 85.7E 70 5 333 09m32s
47 10 1415 Dec 01 14:02:32 274 -7224 A -0.3503 0.9166 43.7S 30.8W 69 359 339 09m31s
48 11 1433 Dec 11 22:03:44 249 -7001 A -0.3579 0.9162 44.6S 147.4W 69 353 342 09m25s
49 12 1451 Dec 23 06:05:20 225 -6778 A -0.3651 0.9164 44.3S 95.9E 68 347 342 09m16s
50 13 1470 Jan 02 14:05:56 207 -6555 A -0.3733 0.9173 43.1S 20.8W 68 341 339 09m02s
51 14 1488 Jan 13 22:03:45 189 -6332 A -0.3840 0.9188 41.0S 137.5W 67 336 333 08m45s
52 15 1506 Jan 24 05:58:07 173 -6109 A -0.3979 0.9209 38.3S 106.0E 66 332 325 08m26s
53 16 1524 Feb 04 13:45:35 158 -5886 A -0.4176 0.9235 35.4S 9.3W 65 330 315 08m05s
54 17 1542 Feb 14 21:27:23 144 -5663 A -0.4424 0.9265 32.5S 123.8W 64 328 305 07m44s
55 18 1560 Feb 26 05:00:44 132 -5440 A -0.4741 0.9299 29.9S 123.5E 62 327 294 07m22s
56 19 1578 Mar 08 12:26:52 121 -5217 A -0.5120 0.9336 27.7S 12.3E 59 327 284 07m01s
57 20 1596 Mar 28 19:43:19 111 -4994 A -0.5583 0.9373 26.3S 96.6W 56 328 275 06m41s
58 21 1614 Apr 09 02:52:58 97 -4771 A -0.6103 0.9411 25.7S 156.1E 52 329 268 06m22s
59 22 1632 Apr 19 09:54:30 78 -4548 A -0.6694 0.9447 26.4S 50.8E 48 331 267 06m03s
60 23 1650 Apr 30 16:48:49 46 -4325 A -0.7347 0.9481 28.5S 53.0W 43 334 274 05m43s
61 24 1668 May 10 23:37:24 27 -4102 A -0.8049 0.9510 32.3S 155.3W 36 336 296 05m21s
62 25 1686 May 22 06:21:20 11 -3879 A -0.8791 0.9533 38.6S 103.3E 28 339 353 04m56s
63 26 1704 Jun 02 13:02:36 8 -3656 A -0.9561 0.9542 49.1S 3.4E 16 341 578 04m26s
64 27 1722 Jun 13 19:40:19 10 -3433 P -1.0364 0.9083 65.2S 93.5W 0 340
65 28 1740 Jun 24 02:18:54 12 -3210 P -1.1163 0.7697 66.2S 156.7E 0 350
66 29 1758 Jul 05 08:57:44 14 -2987 P -1.1961 0.6302 67.2S 46.4E 0 0
67 30 1776 Jul 15 15:39:29 17 -2764 P -1.2739 0.4935 68.2S 65.1W 0 11
68 31 1794 Jul 26 22:24:27 16 -2541 P -1.3496 0.3599 69.1S 178.0W 0 22
69 32 1812 Aug 07 05:15:50 12 -2318 P -1.4205 0.2343 70.0S 67.0E 0 34
70 33 1830 Aug 18 12:13:35 7 -2095 P -1.4866 0.1171 70.7S 50.2W 0 46
71 34 1848 Aug 28 19:18:22 7 -1872 Pe -1.5475 0.0090 71.3S 169.6W 0 59
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
