The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 114 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0651 Jul 23. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1931 Sep 12. The total duration of Saros series 114 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0651 Jul 23 09:28:50 TD
Last Eclipse = 1931 Sep 12 04:41:25 TD
Duration of Saros 114 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 114 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 114 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 26 | 36.1% |
| Annular | A | 13 | 18.1% |
| Total | T | 17 | 23.6% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 16 | 22.2% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 114 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 114 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 46 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 44 | 95.7% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.2% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.2% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 114: 18P 13A 16H 17T 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 114 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 1697 Apr 21 Duration = 04m18s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 1498 Dec 13 Duration = 01m50s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0994 Feb 13 Duration = 04m33s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1192 Jun 11 Duration = 00m14s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1480 Dec 01 Duration = 01m37s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1210 Jun 22 Duration = 00m12s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1805 Jun 26 Magnitude = 0.9357
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0651 Jul 23 Magnitude = 0.0086
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 114 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 114 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -34 0651 Jul 23 09:28:50 4262 -16678 Pb -1.5588 0.0086 63.1S 12.1E 0 41
02 -33 0669 Aug 02 16:06:06 4083 -16455 P -1.4861 0.1336 62.4S 97.2W 0 50
03 -32 0687 Aug 13 22:50:13 3903 -16232 P -1.4180 0.2500 61.7S 152.0E 0 59
04 -31 0705 Aug 24 05:41:35 3735 -16009 P -1.3552 0.3570 61.3S 39.6E 0 68
05 -30 0723 Sep 04 12:42:29 3591 -15786 P -1.2996 0.4512 60.9S 74.9W 0 77
06 -29 0741 Sep 14 19:52:17 3447 -15563 P -1.2506 0.5335 60.8S 168.4E 0 86
07 -28 0759 Sep 26 03:11:57 3304 -15340 P -1.2093 0.6027 60.8S 49.3E 0 95
08 -27 0777 Oct 06 10:39:54 3160 -15117 P -1.1742 0.6611 60.9S 71.9W 0 104
09 -26 0795 Oct 17 18:17:55 3016 -14894 P -1.1468 0.7065 61.3S 164.3E 0 113
10 -25 0813 Oct 28 02:03:14 2873 -14671 P -1.1249 0.7426 61.8S 38.6E 0 122
11 -24 0831 Nov 08 09:55:47 2729 -14448 P -1.1085 0.7696 62.4S 89.1W 0 131
12 -23 0849 Nov 18 17:53:57 2585 -14225 P -1.0962 0.7898 63.2S 141.6E 0 141
13 -22 0867 Nov 30 01:57:13 2441 -14002 P -1.0880 0.8035 64.1S 10.8E 0 151
14 -21 0885 Dec 10 10:02:13 2298 -13779 P -1.0804 0.8164 65.2S 120.8W 0 161
15 -20 0903 Dec 21 18:08:11 2162 -13556 P -1.0730 0.8293 66.2S 106.9E 0 172
16 -19 0922 Jan 01 02:12:56 2054 -13333 P -1.0642 0.8447 67.3S 25.4W 0 183
17 -18 0940 Jan 12 10:16:11 1946 -13110 P -1.0538 0.8631 68.4S 157.9W 0 194
18 -17 0958 Jan 22 18:13:32 1839 -12887 P -1.0380 0.8911 69.5S 70.4E 0 206
19 -16 0976 Feb 03 02:06:44 1731 -12664 A- -1.0182 0.9262 70.4S 60.9W 0 219 - -
20 -15 0994 Feb 13 09:51:58 1623 -12441 As -0.9912 0.9303 74.3S 151.2E 6 249 - 04m33s
21 -14 1012 Feb 24 17:31:58 1528 -12218 A -0.9593 0.9376 71.7S 11.8W 16 295 845 04m32s
22 -13 1030 Mar 07 01:01:54 1438 -11995 A -0.9185 0.9445 64.1S 147.4W 23 317 519 04m25s
23 -12 1048 Mar 17 08:26:35 1348 -11772 A -0.8726 0.9514 55.6S 88.9E 29 327 363 04m13s
24 -11 1066 Mar 28 15:41:57 1259 -11549 A -0.8181 0.9582 46.7S 28.7W 35 335 262 03m57s
25 -10 1084 Apr 07 22:52:04 1169 -11326 A -0.7585 0.9649 38.1S 142.8W 40 340 192 03m35s
26 -09 1102 Apr 19 05:54:33 1081 -11103 A -0.6913 0.9714 29.5S 106.2E 46 344 141 03m07s
27 -08 1120 Apr 29 12:53:54 1010 -10880 A -0.6205 0.9777 21.3S 2.9W 51 348 101 02m34s
28 -07 1138 May 10 19:48:33 938 -10657 A -0.5447 0.9835 13.5S 110.0W 57 352 70 01m58s
29 -06 1156 May 21 02:40:45 873 -10434 A -0.4656 0.9889 6.3S 144.3E 62 356 44 01m21s
30 -05 1174 Jun 01 09:31:50 819 -10211 A -0.3843 0.9938 0.3N 39.7E 67 360 24 00m45s
31 -04 1192 Jun 11 16:23:44 765 -9988 A -0.3023 0.9981 6.0N 64.3W 72 4 7 00m14s
32 -03 1210 Jun 22 23:17:17 711 -9765 H -0.2207 1.0018 10.8N 168.0W 77 8 6 00m12s
33 -02 1228 Jul 03 06:13:46 658 -9542 H -0.1404 1.0049 14.6N 88.3E 82 13 17 00m32s
34 -01 1246 Jul 14 13:15:19 604 -9319 H -0.0631 1.0074 17.2N 16.2W 86 18 26 00m46s
35 00 1264 Jul 24 20:22:44 556 -9096 H 0.0104 1.0093 18.8N 121.9W 89 198 32 00m56s
36 01 1282 Aug 05 03:35:56 509 -8873 H 0.0799 1.0107 19.4N 131.1E 85 204 37 01m01s
37 02 1300 Aug 15 10:57:25 463 -8650 Hm 0.1434 1.0115 19.0N 21.9E 82 207 40 01m05s
38 03 1318 Aug 26 18:27:19 431 -8427 H 0.2005 1.0120 17.9N 89.7W 78 209 42 01m06s
39 04 1336 Sep 06 02:06:58 399 -8204 H 0.2506 1.0122 16.2N 156.0E 75 210 43 01m07s
40 05 1354 Sep 17 09:54:40 368 -7981 H 0.2947 1.0122 14.2N 39.3E 73 210 44 01m07s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 06 1372 Sep 27 17:53:15 339 -7758 H 0.3305 1.0121 11.9N 80.5W 71 209 44 01m07s
42 07 1390 Oct 09 02:00:26 311 -7535 H 0.3598 1.0120 9.6N 157.3E 69 207 44 01m07s
43 08 1408 Oct 19 10:16:59 284 -7312 H 0.3820 1.0121 7.3N 32.5E 67 205 45 01m10s
44 09 1426 Oct 30 18:40:38 259 -7089 H 0.3991 1.0123 5.2N 94.2W 66 202 46 01m13s
45 10 1444 Nov 10 03:12:20 234 -6866 H 0.4102 1.0130 3.5N 137.1E 66 198 49 01m18s
46 11 1462 Nov 21 11:49:24 214 -6643 H 0.4176 1.0139 2.2N 7.1E 65 194 52 01m26s
47 12 1480 Dec 01 20:30:38 196 -6420 H2 0.4218 1.0155 1.5N 124.0W 65 189 58 01m37s
48 13 1498 Dec 13 05:15:08 178 -6197 T 0.4242 1.0174 1.5N 104.2E 65 185 66 01m50s
49 14 1516 Dec 23 14:00:51 164 -5974 T 0.4256 1.0199 2.2N 28.0W 65 181 75 02m05s
50 15 1535 Jan 03 22:45:49 150 -5751 T 0.4285 1.0228 3.8N 160.1W 65 176 86 02m22s
51 16 1553 Jan 14 07:28:09 136 -5528 T 0.4340 1.0263 6.3N 68.3E 64 172 99 02m41s
52 17 1571 Jan 25 16:07:36 125 -5305 T 0.4422 1.0302 9.5N 62.8W 64 169 113 02m59s
53 18 1589 Feb 15 00:42:20 115 -5082 T 0.4545 1.0344 13.6N 167.0E 63 166 129 03m17s
54 19 1607 Feb 26 09:10:38 102 -4859 T 0.4727 1.0388 18.4N 38.2E 62 163 147 03m34s
55 20 1625 Mar 08 17:32:39 88 -4636 T 0.4965 1.0434 23.9N 89.4W 60 161 166 03m50s
56 21 1643 Mar 20 01:47:19 56 -4413 T 0.5271 1.0479 30.0N 144.6E 58 159 186 04m02s
57 22 1661 Mar 30 09:55:24 35 -4190 T 0.5634 1.0524 36.7N 20.2E 55 158 209 04m12s
58 23 1679 Apr 10 17:55:13 16 -3967 T 0.6070 1.0565 43.8N 102.2W 52 157 233 04m17s
59 24 1697 Apr 21 01:49:22 8 -3744 T 0.6559 1.0602 51.4N 136.9E 49 157 262 04m18s
60 25 1715 May 03 09:36:30 9 -3521 T 0.7112 1.0632 59.4N 17.9E 44 157 295 04m14s
61 26 1733 May 13 17:18:29 11 -3298 T 0.7712 1.0656 67.9N 99.5W 39 157 339 04m06s
62 27 1751 May 25 00:55:16 13 -3075 T 0.8359 1.0670 77.0N 144.7E 33 157 402 03m53s
63 28 1769 Jun 04 08:28:34 16 -2852 T 0.9037 1.0671 87.3N 26.2E 25 153 521 03m36s
64 29 1787 Jun 15 15:59:25 17 -2629 T 0.9739 1.0648 78.7N 104.8E 12 346 998 03m09s
65 30 1805 Jun 26 23:27:40 12 -2406 P 1.0462 0.9357 65.5N 9.9W 0 343
66 31 1823 Jul 08 06:56:28 11 -2183 P 1.1182 0.7958 64.6N 132.0W 0 333
67 32 1841 Jul 18 14:25:14 6 -1960 P 1.1903 0.6556 63.7N 106.2E 0 324
68 33 1859 Jul 29 21:56:57 8 -1737 P 1.2598 0.5205 63.0N 16.0W 0 315
69 34 1877 Aug 09 05:30:24 -5 -1514 P 1.3277 0.3889 62.3N 138.6W 0 306
70 35 1895 Aug 20 13:09:16 -6 -1291 P 1.3911 0.2665 61.8N 97.7E 0 297
71 36 1913 Aug 31 20:52:12 16 -1068 P 1.4512 0.1513 61.5N 26.8W 0 288
72 37 1931 Sep 12 04:41:25 24 -845 Pe 1.5060 0.0471 61.2N 152.8W 0 280
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
