Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 114

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 114

Solar eclipses of Saros 114 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 0651 Jul 23. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1931 Sep 12. The total duration of Saros series 114 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   0651 Jul 23   09:28:50 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   1931 Sep 12   04:41:25 TD

                      Duration of Saros 114  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 114 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 114
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 26 36.1%
AnnularA 13 18.1%
TotalT 17 23.6%
Hybrid[3]H 16 22.2%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 114 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 114
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 46100.0%
Central (two limits) 44 95.7%
Central (one limit) 1 2.2%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 2.2%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 114: 18P 13A 16H 17T 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 114 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 114
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 0994 Feb 1304m33s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 1192 Jun 1100m14s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 1697 Apr 2104m18s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 1498 Dec 1301m50s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1480 Dec 0101m37s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1210 Jun 2200m12s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 1805 Jun 26 - 0.93573
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 0651 Jul 23 - 0.00861

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 114

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 114. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 114.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 114

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

06320 -34  0651 Jul 23  09:28:50   4233 -16678   Pb  -1.5588  0.0086  63.1S  11.9E   0             
06367 -33  0669 Aug 02  16:06:06   4068 -16455   P   -1.4861  0.1336  62.4S  97.3W   0             
06412 -32  0687 Aug 13  22:50:13   3904 -16232   P   -1.4180  0.2500  61.7S 152.0E   0             
06456 -31  0705 Aug 24  05:41:35   3742 -16009   P   -1.3552  0.3570  61.3S  39.7E   0             
06498 -30  0723 Sep 04  12:42:29   3583 -15786   P   -1.2996  0.4512  60.9S  74.9W   0             
06540 -29  0741 Sep 14  19:52:17   3426 -15563   P   -1.2506  0.5335  60.8S 168.3E   0             
06582 -28  0759 Sep 26  03:11:57   3272 -15340   P   -1.2093  0.6027  60.8S  49.1E   0             
06623 -27  0777 Oct 06  10:39:54   3121 -15117   P   -1.1742  0.6611  60.9S  72.1W   0             
06664 -26  0795 Oct 17  18:17:55   2973 -14894   P   -1.1468  0.7065  61.3S 164.1E   0             
06705 -25  0813 Oct 28  02:03:14   2828 -14671   P   -1.1249  0.7426  61.8S  38.4E   0             

06746 -24  0831 Nov 08  09:55:47   2686 -14448   P   -1.1085  0.7696  62.4S  89.2W   0             
06785 -23  0849 Nov 18  17:53:57   2548 -14225   P   -1.0962  0.7898  63.2S 141.5E   0             
06825 -22  0867 Nov 30  01:57:13   2414 -14002   P   -1.0880  0.8035  64.1S  10.7E   0             
06865 -21  0885 Dec 10  10:02:13   2284 -13779   P   -1.0804  0.8164  65.2S 120.9W   0             
06905 -20  0903 Dec 21  18:08:11   2159 -13556   P   -1.0730  0.8293  66.2S 106.9E   0             
06945 -19  0922 Jan 01  02:12:56   2037 -13333   P   -1.0642  0.8447  67.3S  25.5W   0             
06986 -18  0940 Jan 12  10:16:11   1920 -13110   P   -1.0538  0.8631  68.4S 158.0W   0             
07027 -17  0958 Jan 22  18:13:32   1807 -12887   P   -1.0380  0.8911  69.5S  70.3E   0             
07068 -16  0976 Feb 03  02:06:44   1699 -12664   A-  -1.0182  0.9262  70.4S  61.0W   0             
07110 -15  0994 Feb 13  09:51:58   1595 -12441   As  -0.9912  0.9303  74.3S 151.1E   6   -   04m33s

07152 -14  1012 Feb 24  17:31:58   1496 -12218   A   -0.9593  0.9376  71.7S  11.9W  16  845  04m32s
07194 -13  1030 Mar 07  01:01:54   1402 -11995   A   -0.9185  0.9445  64.1S 147.6W  23  519  04m25s
07236 -12  1048 Mar 17  08:26:35   1312 -11772   A   -0.8726  0.9514  55.6S  88.7E  29  363  04m13s
07280 -11  1066 Mar 28  15:41:57   1227 -11549   A   -0.8181  0.9582  46.7S  28.8W  35  262  03m57s
07324 -10  1084 Apr 07  22:52:04   1146 -11326   A   -0.7585  0.9649  38.1S 142.9W  40  192  03m35s
07369 -09  1102 Apr 19  05:54:33   1070 -11103   A   -0.6913  0.9714  29.5S 106.2E  46  141  03m07s
07414 -08  1120 Apr 29  12:53:54    998 -10880   A   -0.6205  0.9777  21.3S   2.9W  51  101  02m34s
07459 -07  1138 May 10  19:48:33    930 -10657   A   -0.5447  0.9835  13.5S 110.0W  57   70  01m58s
07504 -06  1156 May 21  02:40:45    867 -10434   A   -0.4656  0.9889   6.3S 144.3E  62   44  01m21s
07549 -05  1174 Jun 01  09:31:50    807 -10211   A   -0.3843  0.9938   0.3N  39.7E  67   24  00m45s

07595 -04  1192 Jun 11  16:23:44    751  -9988   A   -0.3023  0.9981   6.0N  64.3W  72    7  00m14s
07641 -03  1210 Jun 22  23:17:17    699  -9765   H   -0.2207  1.0018  10.8N 168.0W  77    6  00m12s
07687 -02  1228 Jul 03  06:13:46    650  -9542   H   -0.1404  1.0049  14.6N  88.3E  82   17  00m32s
07732 -01  1246 Jul 14  13:15:19    605  -9319   H   -0.0631  1.0074  17.2N  16.2W  86   26  00m46s
07776  00  1264 Jul 24  20:22:44    562  -9096   H    0.0104  1.0093  18.8N 121.9W  89   32  00m56s
07819  01  1282 Aug 05  03:35:56    522  -8873   H    0.0799  1.0107  19.4N 131.1E  85   37  01m01s
07862  02  1300 Aug 15  10:57:25    485  -8650   Hm   0.1434  1.0115  19.0N  22.0E  82   40  01m05s
07904  03  1318 Aug 26  18:27:19    450  -8427   H    0.2005  1.0120  17.9N  89.6W  78   42  01m06s
07945  04  1336 Sep 06  02:06:58    418  -8204   H    0.2506  1.0122  16.2N 156.1E  75   43  01m07s
07986  05  1354 Sep 17  09:54:40    387  -7981   H    0.2947  1.0122  14.2N  39.3E  73   44  01m07s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 114

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

08027  06  1372 Sep 27  17:53:15    358  -7758   H    0.3305  1.0121  11.9N  80.4W  71   44  01m07s
08069  07  1390 Oct 09  02:00:26    331  -7535   H    0.3598  1.0120   9.6N 157.3E  69   44  01m07s
08109  08  1408 Oct 19  10:16:59    305  -7312   H    0.3820  1.0121   7.3N  32.6E  67   45  01m10s
08149  09  1426 Oct 30  18:40:38    281  -7089   H    0.3991  1.0123   5.2N  94.1W  66   46  01m13s
08189  10  1444 Nov 10  03:12:20    258  -6866   H    0.4102  1.0130   3.5N 137.2E  66   49  01m18s
08229  11  1462 Nov 21  11:49:24    236  -6643   H    0.4176  1.0139   2.2N   7.2E  65   52  01m26s
08269  12  1480 Dec 01  20:30:38    216  -6420   H2   0.4218  1.0155   1.5N 123.9W  65   58  01m37s
08309  13  1498 Dec 13  05:15:08    197  -6197   T    0.4242  1.0174   1.5N 104.3E  65   66  01m50s
08351  14  1516 Dec 23  14:00:51    179  -5974   T    0.4256  1.0199   2.2N  27.9W  65   75  02m05s
08392  15  1535 Jan 03  22:45:49    162  -5751   T    0.4285  1.0228   3.8N 160.1W  65   86  02m22s

08433  16  1553 Jan 14  07:28:09    147  -5528   T    0.4340  1.0263   6.3N  68.3E  64   99  02m41s
08474  17  1571 Jan 25  16:07:36    135  -5305   T    0.4422  1.0302   9.5N  62.8W  64  113  02m59s
08515  18  1589 Feb 15  00:42:20    124  -5082   T    0.4545  1.0344  13.6N 167.1E  63  129  03m17s
08556  19  1607 Feb 26  09:10:38    111  -4859   T    0.4727  1.0388  18.4N  38.2E  62  147  03m34s
08600  20  1625 Mar 08  17:32:39     86  -4636   T    0.4965  1.0434  23.9N  89.4W  60  166  03m50s
08645  21  1643 Mar 20  01:47:19     59  -4413   T    0.5271  1.0479  30.0N 144.6E  58  186  04m02s
08690  22  1661 Mar 30  09:55:24     34  -4190   T    0.5634  1.0524  36.7N  20.2E  55  209  04m12s
08736  23  1679 Apr 10  17:55:13     15  -3967   T    0.6070  1.0565  43.8N 102.2W  52  233  04m17s
08781  24  1697 Apr 21  01:49:22      8  -3744   T    0.6559  1.0602  51.4N 136.9E  49  262  04m18s
08826  25  1715 May 03  09:36:30     10  -3521   T    0.7112  1.0632  59.4N  17.9E  44  295  04m14s

08871  26  1733 May 13  17:18:29     11  -3298   T    0.7712  1.0656  67.9N  99.5W  39  339  04m06s
08917  27  1751 May 25  00:55:16     13  -3075   T    0.8359  1.0670  77.0N 144.7E  33  402  03m53s
08962  28  1769 Jun 04  08:28:34     16  -2852   T    0.9037  1.0671  87.3N  26.2E  25  521  03m36s
09008  29  1787 Jun 15  15:59:25     17  -2629   T    0.9739  1.0648  78.7N 104.8E  12  998  03m09s
09053  30  1805 Jun 26  23:27:40     12  -2406   P    1.0462  0.9357  65.5N   9.9W   0             
09098  31  1823 Jul 08  06:56:28     10  -2183   P    1.1182  0.7958  64.6N 132.0W   0             
09142  32  1841 Jul 18  14:25:14      5  -1960   P    1.1903  0.6556  63.7N 106.2E   0             
09185  33  1859 Jul 29  21:56:57      7  -1737   P    1.2598  0.5205  63.0N  16.0W   0             
09227  34  1877 Aug 09  05:30:24     -4  -1514   P    1.3277  0.3889  62.3N 138.6W   0             
09269  35  1895 Aug 20  13:09:16     -6  -1291   P    1.3911  0.2665  61.8N  97.7E   0             

09311  36  1913 Aug 31  20:52:12     15  -1068   P    1.4512  0.1513  61.5N  26.8W   0             
09354  37  1931 Sep 12  04:41:25     24   -845   Pe   1.5060  0.0471  61.2N 152.8W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26