The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 119 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0850 May 15. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2112 Jun 24. The total duration of Saros series 119 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 0850 May 15 12:49:29 TD
Last Eclipse = 2112 Jun 24 07:09:53 TD
Duration of Saros 119 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 119 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 119 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 17 | 23.9% |
| Annular | A | 51 | 71.8% |
| Total | T | 2 | 2.8% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 1 | 1.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 119 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 119 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 54 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 52 | 96.3% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 2 | 3.7% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 119: 8P 2T 1H 51A 9P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 119 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 1012 Aug 20 Duration = 00m32s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 1012 Aug 20 Duration = 00m32s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1625 Sep 01 Duration = 07m37s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1048 Sep 10 Duration = 00m02s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1030 Aug 31 Duration = 00m18s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1030 Aug 31 Duration = 00m18s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1968 Mar 28 Magnitude = 0.8990
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0850 May 15 Magnitude = 0.0066
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 119 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 119 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -36 0850 May 15 12:49:29 2581 -14219 Pb 1.5295 0.0066 63.2N 138.5W 0 41
02 -35 0868 May 25 20:11:13 2438 -13996 P 1.4636 0.1327 64.0N 101.0E 0 32
03 -34 0886 Jun 06 03:28:26 2294 -13773 P 1.3944 0.2647 64.8N 18.6W 0 23
04 -33 0904 Jun 16 10:45:03 2159 -13550 P 1.3251 0.3964 65.8N 138.4W 0 13
05 -32 0922 Jun 27 18:00:27 2051 -13327 P 1.2555 0.5277 66.7N 101.9E 0 3
06 -31 0940 Jul 08 01:16:23 1944 -13104 P 1.1868 0.6564 67.7N 18.4W 0 352
07 -30 0958 Jul 19 08:34:18 1836 -12881 P 1.1204 0.7797 68.7N 139.6W 0 341
08 -29 0976 Jul 29 15:55:20 1728 -12658 P 1.0571 0.8957 69.6N 97.8E 0 330
09 -28 0994 Aug 09 23:21:16 1620 -12435 T+ 0.9985 1.0017 70.5N 26.7W 0 318 - -
10 -27 1012 Aug 20 06:50:51 1525 -12212 T 0.9437 1.0086 73.0N 143.7E 19 244 91 00m32s
11 -26 1030 Aug 31 14:27:31 1436 -11989 H 0.8957 1.0044 64.8N 6.6E 26 223 34 00m18s
12 -25 1048 Sep 10 22:09:40 1346 -11766 A 0.8530 0.9995 56.8N 119.7W 31 214 4 00m02s
13 -24 1066 Sep 22 05:59:31 1256 -11543 A 0.8173 0.9941 49.7N 115.8E 35 208 35 00m29s
14 -23 1084 Oct 02 13:55:25 1166 -11320 A 0.7874 0.9887 43.3N 8.5W 38 204 64 01m00s
15 -22 1102 Oct 13 21:59:25 1079 -11097 A 0.7648 0.9833 37.8N 133.8W 40 200 91 01m35s
16 -21 1120 Oct 24 06:09:13 1008 -10874 A 0.7478 0.9781 33.2N 100.0E 41 196 117 02m12s
17 -20 1138 Nov 04 14:24:41 936 -10651 A 0.7362 0.9732 29.4N 27.2W 42 191 141 02m51s
18 -19 1156 Nov 14 22:44:29 871 -10428 A 0.7287 0.9687 26.5N 155.1W 43 187 164 03m28s
19 -18 1174 Nov 26 07:08:31 817 -10205 A 0.7250 0.9648 24.4N 76.1E 43 182 185 04m02s
20 -17 1192 Dec 06 15:33:28 764 -9982 A 0.7228 0.9614 23.1N 52.9W 44 178 203 04m30s
21 -16 1210 Dec 17 23:58:47 710 -9759 A 0.7215 0.9585 22.5N 178.2E 44 173 217 04m51s
22 -15 1228 Dec 28 08:22:01 656 -9536 A 0.7190 0.9563 22.5N 49.8E 44 168 227 05m04s
23 -14 1247 Jan 08 16:43:15 602 -9313 A 0.7154 0.9547 23.1N 78.1W 44 163 234 05m09s
24 -13 1265 Jan 19 00:57:35 555 -9090 A 0.7068 0.9538 23.9N 155.9E 45 159 234 05m08s
25 -12 1283 Jan 30 09:06:55 508 -8867 A 0.6948 0.9533 25.1N 31.4E 46 155 232 05m02s
26 -11 1301 Feb 09 17:06:50 462 -8644 A 0.6757 0.9533 26.4N 90.4W 47 151 226 04m53s
27 -10 1319 Feb 21 00:59:44 430 -8421 A 0.6516 0.9537 28.0N 150.0E 49 148 218 04m42s
28 -09 1337 Mar 03 08:40:41 398 -8198 A 0.6182 0.9543 29.5N 34.1E 52 146 207 04m32s
29 -08 1355 Mar 14 16:13:55 367 -7975 A 0.5792 0.9552 31.2N 79.4W 54 145 196 04m22s
30 -07 1373 Mar 24 23:35:23 338 -7752 A 0.5311 0.9561 32.7N 170.9E 58 146 186 04m15s
31 -06 1391 Apr 05 06:47:41 310 -7529 A 0.4761 0.9570 33.9N 64.1E 61 147 176 04m11s
32 -05 1409 Apr 15 13:49:19 283 -7306 A 0.4130 0.9577 34.6N 39.2W 65 149 168 04m11s
33 -04 1427 Apr 26 20:43:40 258 -7083 A 0.3444 0.9583 34.7N 140.3W 70 153 161 04m15s
34 -03 1445 May 07 03:29:38 233 -6860 A 0.2692 0.9585 33.8N 121.1E 74 158 157 04m24s
35 -02 1463 May 18 10:08:52 213 -6637 A 0.1890 0.9584 31.9N 24.1E 79 163 154 04m38s
36 -01 1481 May 28 16:42:59 196 -6414 Am 0.1053 0.9577 28.8N 72.0W 84 168 155 04m57s
37 00 1499 Jun 08 23:13:39 178 -6191 A 0.0195 0.9567 24.7N 167.9W 89 173 158 05m22s
38 01 1517 Jun 19 05:41:31 164 -5968 A -0.0683 0.9552 19.5N 96.0E 86 357 164 05m50s
39 02 1535 Jun 30 12:08:20 149 -5745 A -0.1565 0.9533 13.5N 0.7W 81 1 173 06m19s
40 03 1553 Jul 10 18:36:34 136 -5522 A -0.2430 0.9509 6.8N 98.6W 76 5 185 06m46s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 04 1571 Jul 22 01:07:18 125 -5299 A -0.3266 0.9481 0.5S 162.1E 71 9 201 07m08s
42 05 1589 Aug 11 07:41:04 115 -5076 A -0.4072 0.9450 8.2S 61.3E 66 12 221 07m24s
43 06 1607 Aug 22 14:20:48 102 -4853 A -0.4824 0.9416 16.1S 41.5W 61 15 245 07m34s
44 07 1625 Sep 01 21:06:57 87 -4630 A -0.5520 0.9380 24.2S 146.4W 56 18 274 07m37s
45 08 1643 Sep 13 04:01:21 55 -4407 A -0.6145 0.9343 32.3S 106.3E 52 21 307 07m35s
46 09 1661 Sep 23 11:02:34 34 -4184 A -0.6711 0.9306 40.3S 3.0W 48 23 347 07m29s
47 10 1679 Oct 04 18:13:56 15 -3961 A -0.7191 0.9270 48.0S 114.9W 44 26 391 07m21s
48 11 1697 Oct 15 01:33:41 8 -3738 A -0.7603 0.9236 55.5S 131.2E 40 29 441 07m12s
49 12 1715 Oct 27 09:02:48 9 -3515 A -0.7939 0.9206 62.5S 15.5E 37 31 494 07m02s
50 13 1733 Nov 06 16:40:15 11 -3292 A -0.8208 0.9179 69.0S 101.2W 34 32 548 06m53s
51 14 1751 Nov 18 00:26:00 13 -3069 A -0.8411 0.9159 74.9S 142.8E 32 31 597 06m45s
52 15 1769 Nov 28 08:18:40 16 -2846 A -0.8559 0.9144 80.0S 32.0E 31 22 638 06m38s
53 16 1787 Dec 09 16:15:38 17 -2623 A -0.8675 0.9136 83.4S 62.7W 29 357 672 06m32s
54 17 1805 Dec 21 00:17:38 12 -2400 A -0.8751 0.9134 83.1S 143.8W 29 317 692 06m26s
55 18 1824 Jan 01 08:21:09 10 -2177 A -0.8821 0.9139 79.9S 116.2E 28 295 705 06m21s
56 19 1842 Jan 11 16:25:41 6 -1954 A -0.8882 0.9151 75.8S 1.4E 27 288 710 06m15s
57 20 1860 Jan 23 00:27:31 8 -1731 A -0.8969 0.9168 71.8S 117.2W 26 286 719 06m07s
58 21 1878 Feb 02 08:27:52 -5 -1508 A -0.9071 0.9191 67.9S 122.4E 24 286 729 05m59s
59 22 1896 Feb 13 16:23:13 -6 -1285 A -0.9220 0.9218 64.6S 3.5E 22 287 761 05m48s
60 23 1914 Feb 25 00:13:01 16 -1062 A -0.9416 0.9248 62.1S 113.3W 19 287 839 05m35s
61 24 1932 Mar 07 07:55:50 24 -839 A -0.9673 0.9277 60.7S 134.4E 14 285 1083 05m19s
62 25 1950 Mar 18 15:32:01 29 -616 A- -0.9988 0.9620 60.9S 40.9E 0 268 - -
63 26 1968 Mar 28 23:00:30 39 -393 P -1.0370 0.8990 61.0S 79.8W 0 277
64 27 1986 Apr 09 06:21:22 55 -170 P -1.0822 0.8236 61.2S 161.4E 0 286
65 28 2004 Apr 19 13:35:05 65 53 P -1.1335 0.7367 61.6S 44.3E 0 295
66 29 2022 Apr 30 20:42:36 72 276 P -1.1901 0.6396 62.1S 71.5W 0 304
67 30 2040 May 11 03:43:02 84 499 P -1.2529 0.5306 62.8S 174.4E 0 313
68 31 2058 May 22 10:39:25 111 722 P -1.3194 0.4141 63.5S 61.1E 0 322
69 32 2076 Jun 01 17:31:22 149 945 P -1.3897 0.2897 64.4S 51.2W 0 331
70 33 2094 Jun 13 00:22:11 190 1168 P -1.4613 0.1618 65.3S 163.6W 0 341
71 34 2112 Jun 24 07:09:53 233 1391 Pe -1.5356 0.0282 66.3S 84.4E 0 351
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
