The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 125 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1060 Feb 04. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2358 Apr 09. The total duration of Saros series 125 is 1298.17 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1060 Feb 04 21:21:56 TD
Last Eclipse = 2358 Apr 09 10:37:39 TD
Duration of Saros 125 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 125 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 125 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 33 | 45.2% |
| Annular | A | 34 | 46.6% |
| Total | T | 4 | 5.5% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.7% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 125 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 125 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 125: 12P 4T 2H 34A 21P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 125 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 1294 Jun 25 Duration = 01m11s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 1330 Jul 16 Duration = 01m00s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1907 Jul 10 Duration = 07m23s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1384 Aug 17 Duration = 00m01s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1348 Jul 26 Duration = 00m46s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1366 Aug 07 Duration = 00m26s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1258 Jun 03 Magnitude = 0.9628
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1060 Feb 04 Magnitude = 0.0080
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 125 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 125 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -39 1060 Feb 04 21:21:56 1289 -11625 Pb 1.5334 0.0080 62.1N 167.9E 0 122
02 -38 1078 Feb 15 05:47:57 1199 -11402 P 1.5158 0.0407 61.6N 32.1E 0 113
03 -37 1096 Feb 26 14:07:35 1110 -11179 P 1.4936 0.0820 61.3N 102.0W 0 104
04 -36 1114 Mar 08 22:17:27 1034 -10956 P 1.4643 0.1367 61.1N 126.5E 0 95
05 -35 1132 Mar 19 06:19:27 962 -10733 P 1.4291 0.2024 61.1N 3.0W 0 86
06 -34 1150 Mar 30 14:11:34 891 -10510 P 1.3867 0.2819 61.2N 130.1W 0 77
07 -33 1168 Apr 09 21:56:35 837 -10287 P 1.3390 0.3713 61.5N 104.6E 0 68
08 -32 1186 Apr 21 05:32:46 783 -10064 P 1.2847 0.4732 62.0N 18.5W 0 59
09 -31 1204 May 01 13:01:38 730 -9841 P 1.2250 0.5852 62.5N 140.0W 0 50
10 -30 1222 May 12 20:24:03 676 -9618 P 1.1607 0.7054 63.2N 99.9E 0 41
11 -29 1240 May 23 03:41:19 622 -9395 P 1.0929 0.8316 64.0N 19.0W 0 32
12 -28 1258 Jun 03 10:54:19 572 -9172 P 1.0220 0.9628 64.9N 137.2W 0 22
13 -27 1276 Jun 13 18:03:40 525 -8949 T 0.9490 1.0202 82.2N 135.2E 18 42 226 01m07s
14 -26 1294 Jun 25 01:11:53 479 -8726 T 0.8757 1.0195 84.5N 153.6E 28 168 140 01m11s
15 -25 1312 Jul 05 08:19:23 442 -8503 T 0.8028 1.0171 75.4N 68.0E 36 191 99 01m08s
16 -24 1330 Jul 16 15:26:57 410 -8280 T 0.7307 1.0139 66.5N 35.8W 43 197 70 01m00s
17 -23 1348 Jul 26 22:37:09 378 -8057 H 0.6616 1.0098 58.0N 143.4W 48 199 45 00m46s
18 -22 1366 Aug 07 05:50:23 349 -7834 H 0.5958 1.0051 49.7N 106.9E 53 200 22 00m26s
19 -21 1384 Aug 17 13:09:06 320 -7611 A 0.5354 0.9999 41.7N 4.6W 57 200 1 00m01s
20 -20 1402 Aug 28 20:31:39 292 -7388 A 0.4790 0.9943 34.0N 117.5W 61 200 23 00m33s
21 -19 1420 Sep 08 04:02:09 267 -7165 A 0.4301 0.9885 26.7N 127.6E 64 200 45 01m10s
22 -18 1438 Sep 19 11:38:08 242 -6942 A 0.3864 0.9826 19.8N 11.3E 67 199 66 01m51s
23 -17 1456 Sep 29 19:22:26 220 -6719 A 0.3503 0.9768 13.5N 106.8W 69 197 88 02m36s
24 -16 1474 Oct 11 03:12:17 202 -6496 A 0.3195 0.9711 7.8N 134.0E 71 195 109 03m22s
25 -15 1492 Oct 21 11:10:36 184 -6273 A 0.2964 0.9657 2.8N 13.1E 73 193 129 04m08s
26 -14 1510 Nov 01 19:13:50 169 -6050 A 0.2781 0.9607 1.5S 108.7W 74 190 148 04m54s
27 -13 1528 Nov 12 03:22:58 155 -5827 A 0.2653 0.9562 4.9S 128.4E 75 186 166 05m36s
28 -12 1546 Nov 23 11:35:42 140 -5604 A 0.2561 0.9521 7.3S 4.9E 75 182 181 06m13s
29 -11 1564 Dec 03 19:52:06 129 -5381 A 0.2504 0.9487 8.8S 119.2W 76 178 195 06m42s
30 -10 1582 Dec 25 04:08:39 118 -5158 A 0.2457 0.9459 9.4S 116.8E 76 173 206 07m02s
31 -09 1601 Jan 04 12:24:38 108 -4935 A 0.2410 0.9437 9.1S 7.1W 76 169 214 07m13s
32 -08 1619 Jan 15 20:38:07 93 -4712 A 0.2349 0.9422 8.1S 130.4W 76 165 220 07m16s
33 -07 1637 Jan 26 04:48:32 67 -4489 A 0.2265 0.9412 6.4S 107.0E 77 161 223 07m12s
34 -06 1655 Feb 06 12:51:54 42 -4266 A 0.2129 0.9408 4.3S 14.0W 78 157 224 07m03s
35 -05 1673 Feb 16 20:49:18 22 -4043 A 0.1950 0.9409 1.8S 133.5W 79 154 223 06m52s
36 -04 1691 Feb 28 04:37:41 9 -3820 A 0.1701 0.9414 0.8N 109.3E 80 152 220 06m40s
37 -03 1709 Mar 11 12:18:35 9 -3597 Am 0.1394 0.9422 3.4N 5.9W 82 151 216 06m29s
38 -02 1727 Mar 22 19:47:55 10 -3374 A 0.0996 0.9432 5.7N 118.0W 84 151 211 06m20s
39 -01 1745 Apr 02 03:09:18 12 -3151 A 0.0536 0.9444 7.7N 132.2E 87 152 205 06m13s
40 00 1763 Apr 13 10:19:31 15 -2928 A -0.0010 0.9455 9.0N 25.3E 90 252 201 06m11s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 01 1781 Apr 23 17:21:26 17 -2705 A -0.0620 0.9467 9.7N 79.2W 87 334 197 06m13s
42 02 1799 May 05 00:13:08 14 -2482 A -0.1310 0.9476 9.3N 178.9E 83 338 194 06m20s
43 03 1817 May 16 06:58:14 12 -2259 A -0.2049 0.9483 7.9N 78.5E 78 341 194 06m30s
44 04 1835 May 27 13:35:42 6 -2036 A -0.2846 0.9486 5.3N 20.2W 73 345 196 06m44s
45 05 1853 Jun 06 20:07:21 7 -1813 A -0.3686 0.9486 1.5N 117.9W 68 349 203 06m59s
46 06 1871 Jun 18 02:35:02 -1 -1590 A -0.4550 0.9481 3.5S 144.7E 63 353 214 07m14s
47 07 1889 Jun 28 09:00:00 -6 -1367 A -0.5431 0.9471 9.6S 47.3E 57 357 232 07m22s
48 08 1907 Jul 10 15:24:32 7 -1144 A -0.6313 0.9456 16.9S 50.9W 51 2 258 07m23s
49 09 1925 Jul 20 21:48:42 24 -921 A -0.7193 0.9436 25.3S 150.0W 44 6 300 07m15s
50 10 1943 Aug 01 04:16:13 26 -698 A -0.8041 0.9409 34.8S 108.6E 36 11 367 06m59s
51 11 1961 Aug 11 10:46:47 34 -475 A -0.8859 0.9375 45.8S 4.0E 27 17 499 06m35s
52 12 1979 Aug 22 17:22:38 50 -252 A -0.9632 0.9329 59.6S 108.5W 15 29 953 06m03s
53 13 1997 Sep 02 00:04:48 63 -29 P -1.0352 0.8988 71.8S 114.3E 0 64
54 14 2015 Sep 13 06:55:19 68 194 P -1.1004 0.7875 72.1S 2.3W 0 77
55 15 2033 Sep 23 13:54:31 79 417 P -1.1583 0.6890 72.2S 121.2W 0 91
56 16 2051 Oct 04 21:02:14 97 640 P -1.2094 0.6024 72.0S 117.7E 0 105
57 17 2069 Oct 15 04:19:56 135 863 P -1.2524 0.5298 71.6S 5.5W 0 119
58 18 2087 Oct 26 11:46:57 175 1086 P -1.2882 0.4696 71.0S 130.5W 0 132
59 19 2105 Nov 06 19:23:02 217 1309 P -1.3168 0.4217 70.2S 102.7E 0 145
60 20 2123 Nov 18 03:07:26 261 1532 P -1.3389 0.3848 69.3S 25.5W 0 157
61 21 2141 Nov 28 10:59:33 307 1755 P -1.3552 0.3577 68.2S 155.0W 0 169
62 22 2159 Dec 09 18:58:33 349 1978 P -1.3663 0.3392 67.2S 74.4E 0 180
63 23 2177 Dec 20 03:01:35 389 2201 P -1.3747 0.3251 66.1S 56.8W 0 191
64 24 2195 Dec 31 11:09:22 432 2424 P -1.3797 0.3166 65.1S 171.4E 0 202
65 25 2214 Jan 11 19:17:52 476 2647 P -1.3848 0.3078 64.1S 39.7E 0 212
66 26 2232 Jan 23 03:27:39 522 2870 P -1.3891 0.3001 63.3S 91.9W 0 222
67 27 2250 Feb 02 11:34:07 571 3093 P -1.3969 0.2864 62.5S 137.6E 0 231
68 28 2268 Feb 13 19:39:32 621 3316 P -1.4059 0.2703 61.9S 7.5E 0 241
69 29 2286 Feb 24 03:39:23 674 3539 P -1.4203 0.2448 61.5S 121.0W 0 250
70 30 2304 Mar 07 11:34:24 729 3762 P -1.4389 0.2118 61.2S 111.8E 0 259
71 31 2322 Mar 18 19:21:51 785 3985 P -1.4640 0.1671 61.1S 13.5W 0 268
72 32 2340 Mar 29 03:03:37 844 4208 P -1.4941 0.1131 61.2S 137.3W 0 277
73 33 2358 Apr 09 10:37:39 905 4431 Pe -1.5309 0.0468 61.4S 100.7E 0 286
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
