Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 130

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 130

Solar eclipses of Saros 130 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1096 Aug 20. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2394 Oct 25. The total duration of Saros series 130 is 1298.17 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   1096 Aug 20   18:35:35 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   2394 Oct 25   17:07:13 TD

                      Duration of Saros 130  =  1298.17 Years

Saros 130 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 130
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 73100.0%
PartialP 30 41.1%
AnnularA 0 0.0%
TotalT 43 58.9%
Hybrid[3]H 0 0.0%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 130 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 130
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 43100.0%
Central (two limits) 43100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 130: 21P 43T 9P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 130 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 130
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 1619 Jul 1106m41s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 2232 Jul 1801m14s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 1457 Mar 25 - 0.98454
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 2394 Oct 25 - 0.02980

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 130

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 130. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 130.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 130

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

07355 -35  1096 Aug 20  18:35:35   1093 -11173   Pb  -1.5110  0.0743  61.4S 164.7W   0             
07401 -34  1114 Sep 01  01:57:49   1020 -10950   P   -1.4527  0.1773  61.1S  75.7E   0             
07446 -33  1132 Sep 11  09:29:13    951 -10727   P   -1.4007  0.2695  60.9S  46.1W   0             
07491 -32  1150 Sep 22  17:12:01    886 -10504   P   -1.3568  0.3471  60.9S 170.7W   0             
07536 -31  1168 Oct 03  01:04:24    826 -10281   P   -1.3197  0.4129  61.1S  62.2E   0             
07582 -30  1186 Oct 14  09:06:01    769 -10058   P   -1.2891  0.4670  61.4S  67.1W   0             
07627 -29  1204 Oct 24  17:16:40    715  -9835   P   -1.2650  0.5097  61.9S 161.2E   0             
07673 -28  1222 Nov 05  01:35:45    665  -9612   P   -1.2474  0.5408  62.5S  27.2E   0             
07718 -27  1240 Nov 15  10:01:04    619  -9389   P   -1.2339  0.5649  63.3S 108.5W   0             
07762 -26  1258 Nov 26  18:31:26    575  -9166   P   -1.2239  0.5826  64.2S 114.3E   0             

07806 -25  1276 Dec 07  03:05:28    535  -8943   P   -1.2165  0.5960  65.2S  24.2W   0             
07849 -24  1294 Dec 18  11:42:14    497  -8720   P   -1.2108  0.6064  66.3S 163.8W   0             
07891 -23  1312 Dec 28  20:17:58    461  -8497   P   -1.2038  0.6192  67.4S  56.4E   0             
07932 -22  1331 Jan 09  04:53:22    428  -8274   P   -1.1961  0.6333  68.4S  83.8W   0             
07973 -21  1349 Jan 19  13:24:42    396  -8051   P   -1.1847  0.6546  69.5S 136.3E   0             
08014 -20  1367 Jan 30  21:53:13    367  -7828   P   -1.1704  0.6812  70.4S   3.5W   0             
08055 -19  1385 Feb 10  06:14:26    339  -7605   P   -1.1498  0.7198  71.1S 142.1W   0             
08096 -18  1403 Feb 21  14:31:42    313  -7382   P   -1.1253  0.7660  71.7S  79.8E   0             
08136 -17  1421 Mar 03  22:40:34    289  -7159   P   -1.0933  0.8265  72.0S  56.6W   0             
08176 -16  1439 Mar 15  06:43:34    265  -6936   P   -1.0559  0.8980  72.1S 168.3E   0             

08216 -15  1457 Mar 25  14:38:16    243  -6713   P   -1.0107  0.9845  71.9S  35.4E   0             
08256 -14  1475 Apr 05  22:27:42    222  -6490   T   -0.9607  1.0310  60.5S 123.6W  15  386  02m08s
08296 -13  1493 Apr 16  06:10:20    203  -6267   T   -0.9042  1.0391  49.5S 107.3E  25  308  03m00s
08337 -12  1511 Apr 27  13:47:24    184  -6044   T   -0.8425  1.0463  40.0S  14.7W  32  286  03m50s
08379 -11  1529 May 07  21:19:50    167  -5821   T   -0.7760  1.0526  31.3S 133.1W  39  276  04m38s
08420 -10  1547 May 19  04:48:58    152  -5598   T   -0.7060  1.0581  23.5S 110.7E  45  270  05m22s
08461 -09  1565 May 29  12:15:00    138  -5375   T   -0.6329  1.0629  16.5S   3.7W  51  266  05m57s
08502 -08  1583 Jun 19  19:39:32    127  -5152   T   -0.5581  1.0667  10.4S 116.9W  56  262  06m23s
08543 -07  1601 Jun 30  03:03:59    117  -4929   T   -0.4826  1.0697   5.3S 130.7E  61  259  06m37s
08585 -06  1619 Jul 11  10:29:59     95  -4706   T   -0.4077  1.0718   1.3S  18.6E  66  255  06m41s

08629 -05  1637 Jul 21  17:57:08     68  -4483   T   -0.3335  1.0731   1.8N  93.4W  71  251  06m37s
08675 -04  1655 Aug 02  01:28:36     41  -4260   T   -0.2625  1.0735   3.7N 154.0E  75  247  06m28s
08721 -03  1673 Aug 12  09:04:05     20  -4037   T   -0.1946  1.0731   4.6N  40.6E  79  242  06m15s
08766 -02  1691 Aug 23  16:45:57      9  -3814   T   -0.1317  1.0720   4.5N  74.3W  82  236  06m01s
08811 -01  1709 Sep 04  00:32:26      9  -3591   T   -0.0725  1.0703   3.7N 169.7E  86  229  05m47s
08856  00  1727 Sep 15  08:27:31     10  -3368   T   -0.0202  1.0681   2.2N  51.4E  89  222  05m33s
08902  01  1745 Sep 25  16:28:56     12  -3145   Tm   0.0269  1.0655   0.3N  68.6W  88  214  05m21s
08947  02  1763 Oct 07  00:39:04     15  -2922   T    0.0666  1.0627   2.0S 169.1E  86  206  05m09s
08993  03  1781 Oct 17  08:55:59     17  -2699   T    0.1007  1.0596   4.3S  45.1E  84  197  04m59s
09038  04  1799 Oct 28  17:21:46     14  -2476   T    0.1274  1.0566   6.7S  81.3W  83  188  04m50s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 130

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

09083  05  1817 Nov 09  01:53:53     12  -2253   T    0.1487  1.0536   8.9S 150.9E  82  179  04m42s
09128  06  1835 Nov 20  10:31:58      6  -2030   T    0.1649  1.0510  10.7S  21.6E  81  171  04m35s
09172  07  1853 Nov 30  19:15:39      7  -1807   T    0.1763  1.0485  12.0S 109.0W  80  164  04m28s
09215  08  1871 Dec 12  04:03:38     -1  -1584   T    0.1836  1.0465  12.7S 119.4E  80  157  04m23s
09257  09  1889 Dec 22  12:54:15     -6  -1361   T    0.1888  1.0449  12.7S  12.8W  79  152  04m18s
09299  10  1908 Jan 03  21:45:22      8  -1138   T    0.1934  1.0437  11.8S 145.1W  79  149  04m14s
09341  11  1926 Jan 14  06:36:58     24   -915   T    0.1973  1.0430  10.1S  82.3E  79  147  04m11s
09384  12  1944 Jan 25  15:26:42     26   -692   T    0.2025  1.0428   7.6S  50.2W  78  146  04m09s
09424  13  1962 Feb 05  00:12:38     34   -469   T    0.2107  1.0430   4.2S 178.1E  78  147  04m08s
09464  14  1980 Feb 16  08:54:01     51   -246   T    0.2224  1.0434   0.1S  47.1E  77  149  04m08s

09503  15  1998 Feb 26  17:29:27     63    -23   T    0.2391  1.0441   4.7N  82.7W  76  151  04m09s
09543  16  2016 Mar 09  01:58:19     70    200   T    0.2609  1.0450  10.1N 148.8E  75  155  04m09s
09583  17  2034 Mar 20  10:18:45     80    423   T    0.2894  1.0458  16.1N  22.2E  73  159  04m09s
09623  18  2052 Mar 30  18:31:53     97    646   T    0.3238  1.0466  22.4N 102.5W  71  164  04m08s
09665  19  2070 Apr 11  02:36:09    135    869   T    0.3652  1.0472  29.1N 135.1E  68  168  04m04s
09706  20  2088 Apr 21  10:31:49    175   1092   T    0.4135  1.0474  36.0N  15.1E  65  173  03m58s
09747  21  2106 May 03  18:19:20    217   1315   T    0.4681  1.0472  43.1N 102.3W  62  177  03m47s
09788  22  2124 May 14  01:59:10    262   1538   T    0.5286  1.0464  50.3N 143.2E  58  182  03m34s
09829  23  2142 May 25  09:32:37    308   1761   T    0.5937  1.0449  57.4N  31.9E  53  187  03m17s
09871  24  2160 Jun 04  16:58:36    350   1984   T    0.6645  1.0428  64.5N  74.9W  48  192  02m58s

09914  25  2178 Jun 16  00:20:42    391   2207   T    0.7378  1.0396  71.0N 175.3W  42  198  02m36s
09958  26  2196 Jun 26  07:37:40    433   2430   T    0.8149  1.0356  76.3N  97.0E  35  208  02m12s
10002  27  2214 Jul 08  14:52:45    477   2653   T    0.8925  1.0303  78.1N  28.3E  26  230  01m46s
10046  28  2232 Jul 18  22:04:56    524   2876   T    0.9717  1.0229  72.4N  33.4W  13  348  01m14s
10090  29  2250 Jul 30  05:18:25    572   3099   P    1.0490  0.9114  62.9N 124.7W   0             
10135  30  2268 Aug 09  12:32:05    623   3322   P    1.1254  0.7684  62.2N 118.0E   0             
10181  31  2286 Aug 20  19:48:22    675   3545   P    1.1987  0.6322  61.7N   0.2E   0             
10226  32  2304 Sep 01  03:07:40    730   3768   P    1.2684  0.5038  61.4N 118.2W   0             
10271  33  2322 Sep 12  10:32:06    787   3991   P    1.3328  0.3865  61.1N 122.2E   0             
10316  34  2340 Sep 22  18:01:34    846   4214   P    1.3925  0.2793  61.1N   1.4E   0             

10362  35  2358 Oct 04  01:36:39    907   4437   P    1.4464  0.1835  61.1N 120.7W   0             
10406  36  2376 Oct 14  09:18:28    970   4660   P    1.4941  0.1003  61.4N 115.4E   0             
10450  37  2394 Oct 25  17:07:13   1035   4883   Pe   1.5351  0.0298  61.8N  10.3W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26