Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 133

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 133

Solar eclipses of Saros 133 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1219 Jul 13. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2499 Sep 05. The total duration of Saros series 133 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   1219 Jul 13   08:23:41 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   2499 Sep 05   22:05:19 TD

                      Duration of Saros 133  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 133 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 133
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 19 26.4%
AnnularA 6 8.3%
TotalT 46 63.9%
Hybrid[3]H 1 1.4%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 133 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 133
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 53100.0%
Central (two limits) 51 96.2%
Central (one limit) 1 1.9%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 1.9%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 133: 12P 6A 1H 46T 7P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 133 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 133
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 1453 Nov 3001m14s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 1526 Jan 1300m07s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 1850 Aug 0706m50s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 1562 Feb 0300m41s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1544 Jan 2400m16s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1544 Jan 2400m16s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 1417 Nov 08 - 0.96705
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 1219 Jul 13 - 0.03082

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 133

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 133. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 133.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 133

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

07664 -35  1219 Jul 13  08:23:41    674  -9653   Pb   1.5337  0.0308  68.4N 137.2W   0             
07710 -34  1237 Jul 23  15:20:43    627  -9430   P    1.4562  0.1681  69.4N 106.7E   0             
07755 -33  1255 Aug 03  22:23:39    583  -9207   P    1.3823  0.2996  70.2N  11.5W   0             
07799 -32  1273 Aug 14  05:35:26    542  -8984   P    1.3146  0.4205  71.0N 132.5W   0             
07842 -31  1291 Aug 25  12:55:31    503  -8761   P    1.2525  0.5314  71.6N 103.8E   0             
07884 -30  1309 Sep 04  20:25:26    467  -8538   P    1.1974  0.6300  72.0N  22.7W   0             
07925 -29  1327 Sep 16  04:04:29    434  -8315   P    1.1489  0.7168  72.1N 151.8W   0             
07966 -28  1345 Sep 26  11:53:53    402  -8092   P    1.1079  0.7902  72.0N  76.5E   0             
08007 -27  1363 Oct 07  19:52:55    372  -7869   P    1.0741  0.8507  71.6N  57.4W   0             
08048 -26  1381 Oct 18  04:00:20    344  -7646   P    1.0464  0.9004  71.0N 167.1E   0             

08089 -25  1399 Oct 29  12:17:08    318  -7423   P    1.0256  0.9380  70.2N  29.8E   0             
08129 -24  1417 Nov 08  20:41:02    293  -7200   P    1.0097  0.9670  69.2N 108.6W   0             
08169 -23  1435 Nov 20  05:12:02    269  -6977   A+   0.9991  0.9868  68.2N 111.8E   0             
08209 -22  1453 Nov 30  13:46:17    247  -6754   A    0.9903  0.9842  60.4N  27.7W   7  469  01m14s
08248 -21  1471 Dec 11  22:25:20    226  -6531   A    0.9849  0.9871  57.1N 165.0W   9  287  01m02s
08288 -20  1489 Dec 22  07:04:57    206  -6308   A    0.9791  0.9904  54.6N  58.8E  11  175  00m47s
08329 -19  1508 Jan 02  15:45:09    188  -6085   A    0.9732  0.9941  52.8N  77.0W  13   92  00m28s
08371 -18  1526 Jan 13  00:22:31    170  -5862   A    0.9644  0.9985  51.0N 148.8E  15   19  00m07s
08413 -17  1544 Jan 24  08:57:45    155  -5639   H    0.9533  1.0035  49.7N  16.0E  17   40  00m16s
08454 -16  1562 Feb 03  17:27:33    141  -5416   T    0.9373  1.0091  48.6N 114.5W  20   89  00m41s

08495 -15  1580 Feb 15  01:52:13    129  -5193   T    0.9164  1.0151  47.9N 117.3E  23  127  01m07s
08536 -14  1598 Mar 07  10:10:01    119  -4970   T    0.8893  1.0214  47.7N   8.2W  27  156  01m33s
08577 -13  1616 Mar 17  18:21:45     99  -4747   T    0.8568  1.0279  48.0N 131.4W  31  180  01m58s
08621 -12  1634 Mar 29  02:25:11     73  -4524   T    0.8169  1.0346  48.7N 108.6E  35  198  02m24s
08666 -11  1652 Apr 08  10:22:28     46  -4301   T    0.7713  1.0412  49.6N   8.9W  39  213  02m49s
08712 -10  1670 Apr 19  18:12:20     23  -4078   T    0.7191  1.0476  50.6N 123.3W  44  225  03m15s
08757 -09  1688 Apr 30  01:57:34     10  -3855   T    0.6621  1.0535  51.4N 124.4E  48  234  03m40s
08802 -08  1706 May 12  09:35:09      9  -3632   T    0.5984  1.0591  51.5N  15.2E  53  242  04m06s
08847 -07  1724 May 22  17:10:09     10  -3409   T    0.5318  1.0640  50.8N  92.9W  58  247  04m33s
08893 -06  1742 Jun 03  00:39:57     12  -3186   T    0.4607  1.0683  49.0N 160.2E  62  251  05m00s

08939 -05  1760 Jun 13  08:09:15     14  -2963   T    0.3883  1.0719  46.0N  52.7E  67  254  05m27s
08985 -04  1778 Jun 24  15:34:56     17  -2740   T    0.3127  1.0746  41.8N  55.0W  72  255  05m52s
09031 -03  1796 Jul 04  23:02:54     15  -2517   T    0.2385  1.0764  36.8N 164.6W  76  255  06m15s
09076 -02  1814 Jul 17  06:30:29     12  -2294   T    0.1641  1.0774  30.9N  84.7E  80  254  06m33s
09121 -01  1832 Jul 27  14:01:06      6  -2071   T    0.0919  1.0776  24.5N  27.9W  85  252  06m46s
09165  00  1850 Aug 07  21:33:54      7  -1848   T    0.0215  1.0769  17.7N 141.8W  89  249  06m50s
09207  01  1868 Aug 18  05:12:10      2  -1625   Tm  -0.0443  1.0756  10.6N 102.2E  88  245  06m47s
09249  02  1886 Aug 29  12:55:23     -6  -1402   T   -0.1059  1.0735   3.5N  15.3W  84  240  06m36s
09291  03  1904 Sep 09  20:44:21      3  -1179   T   -0.1625  1.0709   3.7S 134.5W  81  234  06m20s
09333  04  1922 Sep 21  04:40:31     23   -956   T   -0.2130  1.0678  10.7S 104.5E  78  226  05m59s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 133

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

09376  05  1940 Oct 01  12:44:06     25   -733   T   -0.2573  1.0645  17.5S  18.2W  75  218  05m35s
09417  06  1958 Oct 12  20:55:28     33   -510   T   -0.2951  1.0608  24.0S 142.4W  73  209  05m11s
09457  07  1976 Oct 23  05:13:45     47   -287   T   -0.3270  1.0572  30.0S  92.3E  71  199  04m46s
09496  08  1994 Nov 03  13:40:06     61    -64   T   -0.3522  1.0535  35.4S  34.2W  69  189  04m23s
09536  09  2012 Nov 13  22:12:55     68    159   T   -0.3719  1.0500  40.0S 161.3W  68  179  04m02s
09576  10  2030 Nov 25  06:51:37     78    382   T   -0.3867  1.0468  43.6S  71.2E  67  169  03m44s
09616  11  2048 Dec 05  15:35:27     92    605   T   -0.3973  1.0440  46.1S  56.4W  66  160  03m28s
09657  12  2066 Dec 17  00:23:40    128    828   T   -0.4043  1.0416  47.4S 175.8E  66  152  03m14s
09698  13  2084 Dec 27  09:13:48    168   1051   T   -0.4094  1.0396  47.3S  47.7E  66  146  03m04s
09739  14  2103 Jan 08  18:04:21    210   1274   T   -0.4140  1.0381  46.1S  80.8W  65  140  02m57s

09780  15  2121 Jan 19  02:54:15    253   1497   T   -0.4190  1.0371  43.9S 150.1E  65  137  02m52s
09821  16  2139 Jan 30  11:42:25    299   1720   T   -0.4255  1.0364  41.0S  20.7E  65  135  02m49s
09863  17  2157 Feb 09  20:25:36    343   1943   T   -0.4358  1.0362  37.7S 108.4W  64  135  02m49s
09906  18  2175 Feb 21  05:04:24    383   2166   T   -0.4495  1.0362  34.2S 122.9E  63  135  02m50s
09950  19  2193 Mar 03  13:36:08    425   2389   T   -0.4689  1.0365  30.9S   4.4W  62  137  02m53s
09995  20  2211 Mar 15  22:01:40    469   2612   T   -0.4931  1.0368  27.8S 130.6W  60  140  02m57s
10039  21  2229 Mar 26  06:17:35    515   2835   T   -0.5251  1.0371  25.5S 105.5E  58  144  03m02s
10083  22  2247 Apr 06  14:26:51    563   3058   T   -0.5624  1.0372  23.8S  16.9W  56  149  03m07s
10128  23  2265 Apr 16  22:26:19    613   3281   T   -0.6073  1.0371  23.1S 136.8W  52  154  03m11s
10173  24  2283 Apr 28  06:18:21    666   3504   T   -0.6581  1.0366  23.6S 105.0E  49  160  03m13s

10218  25  2301 May 09  14:00:59    720   3727   T   -0.7161  1.0354  25.5S  11.0W  44  168  03m10s
10263  26  2319 May 20  21:37:23    776   3950   T   -0.7786  1.0336  29.0S 125.8W  39  178  03m02s
10308  27  2337 May 31  05:05:56    835   4173   T   -0.8470  1.0309  34.6S 121.2E  32  195  02m46s
10354  28  2355 Jun 11  12:28:18    895   4396   T   -0.9196  1.0269  43.3S   9.2E  23  233  02m18s
10399  29  2373 Jun 21  19:45:29    958   4619   Ts  -0.9954  1.0191  62.7S 100.1W   3   -   01m24s
10442  30  2391 Jul 03  02:58:53   1023   4842   P   -1.0732  0.8664  67.1S 143.0E   0             
10486  31  2409 Jul 13  10:09:33   1089   5065   P   -1.1523  0.7186  68.1S  24.6E   0             
10529  32  2427 Jul 24  17:18:10   1158   5288   P   -1.2318  0.5709  69.1S  93.7W   0             
10572  33  2445 Aug 04  00:27:22   1229   5511   P   -1.3097  0.4272  70.0S 147.3E   0             
10615  34  2463 Aug 15  07:37:35   1302   5734   P   -1.3853  0.2892  70.8S  27.4E   0             

10657  35  2481 Aug 25  14:49:25   1377   5957   P   -1.4585  0.1568  71.4S  93.5W   0             
10699  36  2499 Sep 05  22:05:19   1454   6180   Pe  -1.5273  0.0340  71.9S 144.2E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26