The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 134 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1248 Jun 22. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2510 Aug 06. The total duration of Saros series 134 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1248 Jun 22 19:09:36 TD
Last Eclipse = 2510 Aug 06 00:38:56 TD
Duration of Saros 134 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 134 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 134 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 17 | 23.9% |
| Annular | A | 30 | 42.3% |
| Total | T | 8 | 11.3% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 16 | 22.5% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 134 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 134 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 54 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 53 | 98.1% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 134: 10P 8T 16H 30A 7P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 134 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 1428 Oct 09 Duration = 01m30s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 1554 Dec 24 Duration = 00m25s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2168 Jan 10 Duration = 10m55s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1861 Jul 08 Duration = 00m14s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1771 May 14 Duration = 00m49s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1843 Jun 27 Duration = 00m07s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1410 Sep 28 Magnitude = 0.9718
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1248 Jun 22 Magnitude = 0.0223
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 134 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 134 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -37 1248 Jun 22 19:09:36 598 -9295 Pb -1.5159 0.0223 65.2S 125.9W 0 20
02 -36 1266 Jul 04 02:38:30 551 -9072 P -1.4464 0.1578 64.3S 111.8E 0 29
03 -35 1284 Jul 14 10:08:18 504 -8849 P -1.3779 0.2915 63.4S 10.5W 0 39
04 -34 1302 Jul 25 17:42:30 460 -8626 P -1.3129 0.4178 62.7S 133.5W 0 48
05 -33 1320 Aug 05 01:20:21 428 -8403 P -1.2510 0.5375 62.1S 102.8E 0 57
06 -32 1338 Aug 16 09:03:11 396 -8180 P -1.1933 0.6482 61.6S 22.0W 0 66
07 -31 1356 Aug 26 16:52:10 365 -7957 P -1.1410 0.7477 61.2S 148.2W 0 75
08 -30 1374 Sep 07 00:48:07 336 -7734 P -1.0949 0.8345 61.0S 84.0E 0 83
09 -29 1392 Sep 17 08:51:03 308 -7511 P -1.0548 0.9092 61.0S 45.6W 0 92
10 -28 1410 Sep 28 17:00:48 281 -7288 P -1.0206 0.9718 61.1S 176.8W 0 101
11 -27 1428 Oct 09 01:18:10 256 -7065 Ts -0.9930 1.0281 63.0S 60.9E 5 101 - 01m30s
12 -26 1446 Oct 20 09:42:45 231 -6842 T -0.9718 1.0258 65.8S 56.9W 13 94 386 01m25s
13 -25 1464 Oct 30 18:13:13 212 -6619 T -0.9560 1.0225 68.9S 175.9E 17 94 267 01m14s
14 -24 1482 Nov 11 02:49:49 194 -6396 T -0.9457 1.0189 72.5S 43.9E 18 97 203 01m03s
15 -23 1500 Nov 21 11:30:31 177 -6173 T -0.9393 1.0156 76.4S 91.4W 20 102 159 00m52s
16 -22 1518 Dec 02 20:14:58 162 -5950 T -0.9365 1.0124 80.4S 128.6E 20 111 125 00m41s
17 -21 1536 Dec 13 04:59:20 148 -5727 T -0.9343 1.0098 84.5S 17.3W 20 125 97 00m33s
18 -20 1554 Dec 24 13:45:21 135 -5504 T -0.9341 1.0075 87.5S 159.1E 20 176 75 00m25s
19 -19 1573 Jan 03 22:28:35 124 -5281 H -0.9328 1.0058 85.9S 54.1W 21 258 57 00m20s
20 -18 1591 Jan 25 07:09:22 114 -5058 H -0.9298 1.0047 81.9S 150.5E 21 283 45 00m16s
21 -17 1609 Feb 04 15:43:43 101 -4835 H -0.9224 1.0041 77.3S 7.2E 22 297 37 00m15s
22 -16 1627 Feb 16 00:13:31 86 -4612 H -0.9119 1.0040 72.3S 130.9W 24 307 34 00m15s
23 -15 1645 Feb 26 08:35:06 53 -4389 H -0.8956 1.0043 66.7S 94.3E 26 316 34 00m17s
24 -14 1663 Mar 09 16:48:41 33 -4166 H -0.8735 1.0049 60.5S 37.1W 29 323 35 00m21s
25 -13 1681 Mar 20 00:52:59 14 -3943 H -0.8445 1.0057 53.8S 165.3W 32 329 37 00m26s
26 -12 1699 Mar 31 08:48:45 8 -3720 H -0.8089 1.0065 46.8S 69.7E 36 334 38 00m32s
27 -11 1717 Apr 11 16:34:40 10 -3497 H -0.7660 1.0072 39.5S 52.1W 40 339 39 00m39s
28 -10 1735 Apr 23 00:11:36 11 -3274 H -0.7164 1.0077 32.2S 171.0W 44 343 38 00m44s
29 -09 1753 May 03 07:39:40 13 -3051 H -0.6601 1.0079 24.9S 73.0E 49 347 36 00m48s
30 -08 1771 May 14 15:00:02 16 -2828 H -0.5980 1.0076 17.8S 40.4W 53 351 33 00m49s
31 -07 1789 May 24 22:11:58 17 -2605 H -0.5297 1.0068 11.0S 151.0W 58 355 28 00m46s
32 -06 1807 Jun 06 05:18:31 12 -2382 H -0.4577 1.0055 4.7S 100.4E 63 359 21 00m38s
33 -05 1825 Jun 16 12:19:03 10 -2159 H -0.3812 1.0036 1.0N 6.0W 68 3 13 00m25s
34 -04 1843 Jun 27 19:17:03 6 -1936 H -0.3037 1.0011 5.9N 111.0W 72 7 4 00m07s
35 -03 1861 Jul 08 02:10:26 8 -1713 A -0.2231 0.9979 10.0N 145.8E 77 12 7 00m14s
36 -02 1879 Jul 19 09:04:32 -5 -1490 Am -0.1439 0.9942 13.0N 42.9E 82 16 20 00m39s
37 -01 1897 Jul 29 15:56:58 -5 -1267 A -0.0640 0.9899 15.3N 59.0W 86 20 35 01m05s
38 00 1915 Aug 10 22:52:25 18 -1044 A 0.0124 0.9853 16.4N 161.4W 89 200 52 01m33s
39 01 1933 Aug 21 05:49:11 24 -821 A 0.0869 0.9801 16.9N 95.9E 85 206 71 02m04s
40 02 1951 Sep 01 12:51:51 30 -598 A 0.1557 0.9747 16.5N 8.5W 81 208 91 02m36s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 03 1969 Sep 11 19:58:59 40 -375 A 0.2201 0.9690 15.6N 114.1W 77 210 114 03m11s
42 04 1987 Sep 23 03:12:22 56 -152 A 0.2787 0.9634 14.3N 138.4E 74 210 137 03m49s
43 05 2005 Oct 03 10:32:47 65 71 A 0.3306 0.9576 12.9N 28.7E 71 209 162 04m32s
44 06 2023 Oct 14 18:00:41 73 294 A 0.3753 0.9520 11.4N 83.1W 68 208 187 05m17s
45 07 2041 Oct 25 01:36:22 85 517 A 0.4133 0.9467 9.9N 162.9E 66 206 213 06m07s
46 08 2059 Nov 05 09:18:15 114 740 A 0.4454 0.9417 8.7N 47.1E 63 203 238 07m00s
47 09 2077 Nov 15 17:07:56 153 963 A 0.4705 0.9371 7.8N 70.8W 62 199 262 07m54s
48 10 2095 Nov 27 01:02:57 193 1186 A 0.4903 0.9330 7.2N 169.8E 61 195 285 08m47s
49 11 2113 Dec 08 09:03:27 236 1409 A 0.5049 0.9296 7.1N 48.9E 60 191 304 09m35s
50 12 2131 Dec 19 17:06:51 281 1632 A 0.5165 0.9267 7.6N 72.8W 59 186 321 10m14s
51 13 2149 Dec 30 01:13:04 328 1855 A 0.5253 0.9245 8.6N 164.7E 58 182 334 10m42s
52 14 2168 Jan 10 09:19:03 367 2078 A 0.5337 0.9230 10.3N 42.1E 58 178 344 10m55s
53 15 2186 Jan 20 17:23:44 408 2301 A 0.5426 0.9221 12.8N 80.3W 57 174 350 10m53s
54 16 2204 Feb 02 01:25:26 451 2524 A 0.5535 0.9218 16.0N 157.8E 56 170 353 10m38s
55 17 2222 Feb 12 09:23:18 497 2747 A 0.5669 0.9220 20.0N 36.7E 55 166 355 10m14s
56 18 2240 Feb 23 17:14:11 544 2970 A 0.5859 0.9228 24.7N 83.0W 54 163 356 09m41s
57 19 2258 Mar 06 00:58:23 593 3193 A 0.6101 0.9239 30.2N 158.8E 52 160 359 09m04s
58 20 2276 Mar 16 08:34:03 645 3416 A 0.6411 0.9253 36.4N 42.3E 50 158 362 08m23s
59 21 2294 Mar 27 16:02:23 698 3639 A 0.6776 0.9269 43.2N 72.6W 47 156 370 07m42s
60 22 2312 Apr 07 23:19:32 754 3862 A 0.7231 0.9286 50.8N 174.7E 43 153 385 07m00s
61 23 2330 Apr 19 06:29:25 811 4085 A 0.7742 0.9302 59.0N 62.9E 39 151 412 06m19s
62 24 2348 Apr 29 13:29:00 871 4308 A 0.8338 0.9315 68.1N 48.8W 33 145 466 05m40s
63 25 2366 May 10 20:22:08 933 4531 A 0.8981 0.9323 77.9N 169.5W 26 129 583 05m03s
64 26 2384 May 21 03:05:26 997 4754 A 0.9701 0.9317 80.8N 0.8W 13 40 1115 04m28s
65 27 2402 Jun 01 09:44:38 1063 4977 P 1.0452 0.8834 67.8N 135.9W 0 6
66 28 2420 Jun 11 16:17:02 1131 5200 P 1.1256 0.7470 66.8N 115.6E 0 355
67 29 2438 Jun 22 22:46:47 1201 5423 P 1.2079 0.6068 65.8N 8.2E 0 345
68 30 2456 Jul 03 05:13:16 1273 5646 P 1.2925 0.4621 64.9N 98.1W 0 336
69 31 2474 Jul 14 11:40:30 1347 5869 P 1.3764 0.3182 64.0N 155.9E 0 327
70 32 2492 Jul 24 18:08:32 1424 6092 P 1.4594 0.1755 63.2N 49.8E 0 317
71 33 2510 Aug 06 00:38:56 1502 6315 Pe 1.5405 0.0362 62.6N 56.5W 0 309
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
