Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 135

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 135

Solar eclipses of Saros 135 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1331 Jul 05. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2593 Aug 17. The total duration of Saros series 135 is 1262.11 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   1331 Jul 05   22:46:38 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   2593 Aug 17   21:53:04 TD

                      Duration of Saros 135  =  1262.11 Years

Saros 135 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 135
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 71100.0%
PartialP 18 25.4%
AnnularA 45 63.4%
TotalT 6 8.5%
Hybrid[3]H 2 2.8%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 135 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 135
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 53100.0%
Central (two limits) 51 96.2%
Central (one limit) 1 1.9%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 1.9%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 135: 10P 45A 2H 6T 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 135 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 135
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 1601 Dec 2410m14s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 2305 Feb 2400m13s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 2431 May 1202m27s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 2359 Mar 2901m02s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2341 Mar 1800m36s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2323 Mar 0800m11s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 2467 Jun 02 - 0.93147
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 1331 Jul 05 - 0.00629

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 135

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 135. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 135.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 135

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

07934 -34  1331 Jul 05  22:46:38    427  -8268   Pb   1.5532  0.0063  67.8N  12.6E   0             
07975 -33  1349 Jul 16  05:25:45    396  -8045   P    1.4782  0.1384  68.8N  98.7W   0             
08016 -32  1367 Jul 27  12:05:47    366  -7822   P    1.4043  0.2679  69.7N 149.3E   0             
08057 -31  1385 Aug 06  18:51:40    339  -7599   P    1.3352  0.3878  70.6N  35.3E   0             
08097 -30  1403 Aug 18  01:41:42    313  -7376   P    1.2697  0.5006  71.3N  80.4W   0             
08137 -29  1421 Aug 28  08:38:54    288  -7153   P    1.2101  0.6025  71.8N 161.6E   0             
08177 -28  1439 Sep 08  15:42:20    265  -6930   P    1.1555  0.6947  72.1N  41.6E   0             
08217 -27  1457 Sep 18  22:54:59    243  -6707   P    1.1083  0.7737  72.1N  80.8W   0             
08257 -26  1475 Sep 30  06:15:14    222  -6484   P    1.0676  0.8411  71.9N 154.9E   0             
08297 -25  1493 Oct 10  13:43:35    202  -6261   P    1.0334  0.8969  71.4N  28.8E   0             

08338 -24  1511 Oct 21  21:19:49    184  -6038   A+   1.0058  0.9416  70.7N  98.6W   0             
08380 -23  1529 Nov 01  05:04:11    167  -5815   An   0.9846  0.9119  61.7N 122.8E   9   -   08m09s
08421 -22  1547 Nov 12  12:54:24    152  -5592   A    0.9683  0.9106  55.5N   4.7W  14 1419  08m59s
08462 -21  1565 Nov 22  20:49:55    138  -5369   A    0.9564  0.9092  51.4N 130.5W  16 1220  09m37s
08503 -20  1583 Dec 14  04:48:39    127  -5146   A    0.9471  0.9083  48.5N 104.1E  18 1116  10m03s
08544 -19  1601 Dec 24  12:50:31    116  -4923   A    0.9402  0.9078  46.6N  21.5W  19 1051  10m14s
08586 -18  1620 Jan 04  20:51:05     94  -4700   A    0.9321  0.9081  45.0N 146.5W  21  976  10m13s
08630 -17  1638 Jan 15  04:51:53     67  -4477   A    0.9242  0.9090  44.0N  88.9E  22  907  10m00s
08676 -16  1656 Jan 26  12:48:10     40  -4254   A    0.9122  0.9106  43.2N  34.1W  24  820  09m38s
08722 -15  1674 Feb 05  20:41:35     19  -4031   A    0.8979  0.9129  42.8N 155.7W  26  736  09m09s

08767 -14  1692 Feb 17  04:26:56      8  -3808   A    0.8765  0.9159  42.4N  85.6E  28  644  08m36s
08812 -13  1710 Feb 28  12:07:29      9  -3585   A    0.8509  0.9194  42.5N  31.2W  31  562  08m00s
08857 -12  1728 Mar 10  19:38:56     10  -3362   A    0.8172  0.9233  42.8N 144.6W  35  485  07m25s
08903 -11  1746 Mar 22  03:02:49     12  -3139   A    0.7771  0.9277  43.5N 104.7E  39  419  06m51s
08948 -10  1764 Apr 01  10:17:15     15  -2916   A    0.7288  0.9323  44.2N   2.5W  43  361  06m20s
08994 -09  1782 Apr 12  17:24:47     17  -2693   A    0.6745  0.9370  45.1N 107.1W  47  311  05m51s
09039 -08  1800 Apr 24  00:24:00     13  -2470   A    0.6125  0.9417  45.7N 151.3E  52  269  05m27s
09084 -07  1818 May 05  07:15:49     12  -2247   A    0.5440  0.9464  45.8N  52.5E  57  233  05m05s
09129 -06  1836 May 15  14:01:39      5  -2024   A    0.4700  0.9509  45.1N  44.4W  62  203  04m47s
09173 -05  1854 May 26  20:42:53      7  -1801   A    0.3918  0.9551  43.3N 140.1W  67  178  04m32s

09216 -04  1872 Jun 06  03:20:03     -1  -1578   A    0.3095  0.9590  40.5N 124.8E  72  157  04m20s
09258 -03  1890 Jun 17  09:55:05     -6  -1355   A    0.2246  0.9625  36.5N  29.3E  77  140  04m09s
09300 -02  1908 Jun 28  16:29:51      8  -1132   A    0.1389  0.9655  31.4N  67.2W  82  126  04m00s
09342 -01  1926 Jul 09  23:06:02     24   -909   A    0.0538  0.9680  25.6N 165.1W  87  115  03m51s
09385  00  1944 Jul 20  05:43:13     27   -686   A   -0.0314  0.9700  19.0N  95.7E  88  108  03m42s
09425  01  1962 Jul 31  12:25:33     34   -463   Am  -0.1130  0.9716  12.0N   5.7W  84  103  03m33s
09465  02  1980 Aug 10  19:12:21     51   -240   A   -0.1915  0.9727   4.6N 108.9W  79  100  03m23s
09504  03  1998 Aug 22  02:07:11     63    -17   A   -0.2644  0.9734   3.0S 145.4E  75   99  03m14s
09544  04  2016 Sep 01  09:08:02     70    206   A   -0.3330  0.9736  10.7S  37.8E  70  100  03m06s
09584  05  2034 Sep 12  16:19:28     81    429   A   -0.3936  0.9736  18.2S  72.6W  67  102  02m58s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 135

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

09624  06  2052 Sep 22  23:39:10     98    652   A   -0.4480  0.9734  25.7S 175.0E  63  106  02m51s
09666  07  2070 Oct 04  07:08:57    136    875   A   -0.4950  0.9731  32.8S  60.4E  60  110  02m44s
09707  08  2088 Oct 14  14:48:05    177   1098   A   -0.5349  0.9727  39.7S  56.0W  57  115  02m38s
09748  09  2106 Oct 26  22:37:40    219   1321   A   -0.5671  0.9725  45.9S 174.1W  55  119  02m32s
09789  10  2124 Nov 06  06:36:34    263   1544   A   -0.5921  0.9724  51.6S  66.8E  53  123  02m26s
09830  11  2142 Nov 17  14:43:08    309   1767   A   -0.6117  0.9727  56.4S  52.4W  52  124  02m19s
09872  12  2160 Nov 27  22:58:32    351   1990   A   -0.6247  0.9734  60.1S 171.6W  51  123  02m12s
09915  13  2178 Dec 09  07:20:02    392   2213   A   -0.6338  0.9745  62.4S  69.9E  50  118  02m03s
09959  14  2196 Dec 19  15:47:09    434   2436   A   -0.6387  0.9761  63.1S  48.6W  50  111  01m53s
10003  15  2215 Jan 01  00:16:36    478   2659   A   -0.6427  0.9783  62.3S 168.0W  50  101  01m41s

10047  16  2233 Jan 11  08:49:17    525   2882   A   -0.6447  0.9811  60.0S  70.4E  50   88  01m28s
10092  17  2251 Jan 22  17:21:41    573   3105   A   -0.6480  0.9844  56.9S  53.2W  49   72  01m12s
10137  18  2269 Feb 02  01:53:06    624   3328   A   -0.6529  0.9883  53.2S 178.2W  49   54  00m54s
10183  19  2287 Feb 13  10:21:25    677   3551   A   -0.6613  0.9926  49.4S  56.3E  48   34  00m35s
10228  20  2305 Feb 24  18:46:09    732   3774   A   -0.6732  0.9973  45.7S  69.3W  47   13  00m13s
10273  21  2323 Mar 08  03:05:10    788   3997   H   -0.6906  1.0023  42.4S 166.1E  46   11  00m11s
10318  22  2341 Mar 18  11:18:20    847   4220   H   -0.7137  1.0075  39.8S  42.6E  44   36  00m36s
10364  23  2359 Mar 29  19:24:46    908   4443   T   -0.7429  1.0128  37.9S  79.3W  42   64  01m02s
10408  24  2377 Apr 09  03:25:10    971   4666   T   -0.7779  1.0180  37.1S 160.2E  39   96  01m28s
10452  25  2395 Apr 20  11:17:15   1037   4889   T   -0.8203  1.0230  37.7S  41.9E  35  134  01m52s

10495  26  2413 Apr 30  19:03:57   1104   5112   T   -0.8677  1.0274  40.0S  75.0W  30  183  02m13s
10538  27  2431 May 12  02:43:30   1173   5335   T   -0.9214  1.0310  44.8S 170.4E  22  267  02m27s
10581  28  2449 May 22  10:19:15   1244   5558   T   -0.9790  1.0328  54.4S  59.1E  11  567  02m24s
10624  29  2467 Jun 02  17:48:24   1318   5781   P   -1.0425  0.9315  64.5S  50.8W   0             
10666  30  2485 Jun 13  01:16:18   1393   6004   P   -1.1075  0.8095  65.4S 172.3W   0             
10708  31  2503 Jun 25  08:40:22   1471   6227   P   -1.1759  0.6800  66.4S  66.7E   0             
10749  32  2521 Jul 05  16:04:53   1551   6450   P   -1.2445  0.5492  67.4S  54.7W   0             
10790  33  2539 Jul 16  23:27:49   1632   6673   P   -1.3148  0.4143  68.3S 176.3W   0             
10830  34  2557 Jul 27  06:54:08   1716   6896   P   -1.3827  0.2835  69.3S  60.9E   0             
10870  35  2575 Aug 07  14:21:38   1802   7119   P   -1.4499  0.1541  70.1S  62.9W   0             

10910  36  2593 Aug 17  21:53:04   1890   7342   Pe  -1.5141  0.0303  70.8S 171.9E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26