The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 135 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1331 Jul 05. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2593 Aug 17. The total duration of Saros series 135 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1331 Jul 05 22:46:38 TD
Last Eclipse = 2593 Aug 17 21:53:04 TD
Duration of Saros 135 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 135 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 135 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 18 | 25.4% |
| Annular | A | 45 | 63.4% |
| Total | T | 6 | 8.5% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.8% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 135 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 135 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 53 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 51 | 96.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 135: 10P 45A 2H 6T 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 135 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 2431 May 12 Duration = 02m27s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 2359 Mar 29 Duration = 01m02s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1601 Dec 24 Duration = 10m14s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2305 Feb 24 Duration = 00m13s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2341 Mar 18 Duration = 00m36s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2323 Mar 08 Duration = 00m11s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2467 Jun 02 Magnitude = 0.9315
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1331 Jul 05 Magnitude = 0.0063
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 135 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 135 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -34 1331 Jul 05 22:46:38 408 -8268 Pb 1.5532 0.0063 67.8N 12.5E 0 352
02 -33 1349 Jul 16 05:25:45 376 -8045 P 1.4782 0.1384 68.8N 98.7W 0 341
03 -32 1367 Jul 27 12:05:47 347 -7822 P 1.4043 0.2679 69.7N 149.3E 0 330
04 -31 1385 Aug 06 18:51:40 319 -7599 P 1.3352 0.3878 70.6N 35.2E 0 318
05 -30 1403 Aug 18 01:41:42 291 -7376 P 1.2697 0.5006 71.3N 80.5W 0 305
06 -29 1421 Aug 28 08:38:54 266 -7153 P 1.2101 0.6025 71.8N 161.5E 0 292
07 -28 1439 Sep 08 15:42:20 241 -6930 P 1.1555 0.6947 72.1N 41.5E 0 278
08 -27 1457 Sep 18 22:54:59 219 -6707 P 1.1083 0.7737 72.1N 80.9W 0 264
09 -26 1475 Sep 30 06:15:14 201 -6484 P 1.0676 0.8411 71.9N 154.8E 0 250
10 -25 1493 Oct 10 13:43:35 183 -6261 P 1.0334 0.8969 71.4N 28.8E 0 236
11 -24 1511 Oct 21 21:19:49 168 -6038 A+ 1.0058 0.9416 70.7N 98.7W 0 223 - -
12 -23 1529 Nov 01 05:04:11 154 -5815 An 0.9846 0.9119 61.7N 122.7E 9 201 - 08m09s
13 -22 1547 Nov 12 12:54:24 140 -5592 A 0.9683 0.9106 55.5N 4.8W 14 191 1419 08m59s
14 -21 1565 Nov 22 20:49:55 129 -5369 A 0.9564 0.9092 51.4N 130.5W 16 184 1220 09m37s
15 -20 1583 Dec 14 04:48:39 118 -5146 A 0.9471 0.9083 48.5N 104.1E 18 177 1116 10m03s
16 -19 1601 Dec 24 12:50:31 107 -4923 A 0.9402 0.9078 46.6N 21.6W 19 171 1051 10m14s
17 -18 1620 Jan 04 20:51:05 92 -4700 A 0.9321 0.9081 45.0N 146.5W 21 165 976 10m13s
18 -17 1638 Jan 15 04:51:53 65 -4477 A 0.9242 0.9090 44.0N 88.9E 22 159 907 10m00s
19 -16 1656 Jan 26 12:48:10 41 -4254 A 0.9122 0.9106 43.2N 34.1W 24 154 820 09m38s
20 -15 1674 Feb 05 20:41:35 21 -4031 A 0.8979 0.9129 42.8N 155.7W 26 149 736 09m09s
21 -14 1692 Feb 17 04:26:56 9 -3808 A 0.8765 0.9159 42.4N 85.6E 28 145 644 08m36s
22 -13 1710 Feb 28 12:07:29 9 -3585 A 0.8509 0.9194 42.5N 31.2W 31 141 562 08m00s
23 -12 1728 Mar 10 19:38:56 10 -3362 A 0.8172 0.9233 42.8N 144.6W 35 139 485 07m25s
24 -11 1746 Mar 22 03:02:49 12 -3139 A 0.7771 0.9277 43.5N 104.7E 39 138 419 06m51s
25 -10 1764 Apr 01 10:17:15 15 -2916 A 0.7288 0.9323 44.2N 2.5W 43 138 361 06m20s
26 -09 1782 Apr 12 17:24:47 17 -2693 A 0.6745 0.9370 45.1N 107.1W 47 140 311 05m51s
27 -08 1800 Apr 24 00:24:00 13 -2470 A 0.6125 0.9417 45.7N 151.3E 52 143 269 05m27s
28 -07 1818 May 05 07:15:49 12 -2247 A 0.5440 0.9464 45.8N 52.5E 57 148 233 05m05s
29 -06 1836 May 15 14:01:39 5 -2024 A 0.4700 0.9509 45.1N 44.4W 62 153 203 04m47s
30 -05 1854 May 26 20:42:53 7 -1801 A 0.3918 0.9551 43.3N 140.1W 67 159 178 04m32s
31 -04 1872 Jun 06 03:20:03 -1 -1578 A 0.3095 0.9590 40.5N 124.8E 72 166 157 04m20s
32 -03 1890 Jun 17 09:55:05 -6 -1355 A 0.2246 0.9625 36.5N 29.3E 77 172 140 04m09s
33 -02 1908 Jun 28 16:29:51 8 -1132 A 0.1389 0.9655 31.4N 67.2W 82 177 126 04m00s
34 -01 1926 Jul 09 23:06:02 24 -909 A 0.0538 0.9680 25.6N 165.1W 87 181 115 03m51s
35 00 1944 Jul 20 05:43:13 27 -686 A -0.0314 0.9700 19.0N 95.7E 88 6 108 03m42s
36 01 1962 Jul 31 12:25:33 34 -463 Am -0.1130 0.9716 12.0N 5.7W 84 9 103 03m33s
37 02 1980 Aug 10 19:12:21 51 -240 A -0.1915 0.9727 4.6N 108.9W 79 12 100 03m23s
38 03 1998 Aug 22 02:07:11 63 -17 A -0.2644 0.9734 3.0S 145.4E 75 14 99 03m14s
39 04 2016 Sep 01 09:08:02 69 206 A -0.3330 0.9736 10.7S 37.8E 70 16 100 03m06s
40 05 2034 Sep 12 16:19:28 80 429 A -0.3936 0.9736 18.2S 72.6W 67 18 102 02m58s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 06 2052 Sep 22 23:39:10 99 652 A -0.4480 0.9734 25.7S 175.0E 63 20 106 02m51s
42 07 2070 Oct 04 07:08:57 137 875 A -0.4950 0.9731 32.8S 60.4E 60 21 110 02m44s
43 08 2088 Oct 14 14:48:05 177 1098 A -0.5349 0.9727 39.7S 56.0W 57 21 115 02m38s
44 09 2106 Oct 26 22:37:40 219 1321 A -0.5671 0.9725 45.9S 174.1W 55 20 119 02m32s
45 10 2124 Nov 06 06:36:34 263 1544 A -0.5921 0.9724 51.6S 66.8E 53 18 123 02m26s
46 11 2142 Nov 17 14:43:08 309 1767 A -0.6117 0.9727 56.4S 52.4W 52 14 124 02m19s
47 12 2160 Nov 27 22:58:32 351 1990 A -0.6247 0.9734 60.1S 171.6W 51 8 123 02m12s
48 13 2178 Dec 09 07:20:02 392 2213 A -0.6338 0.9745 62.4S 69.9E 50 360 118 02m03s
49 14 2196 Dec 19 15:47:09 434 2436 A -0.6387 0.9761 63.1S 48.6W 50 350 111 01m53s
50 15 2215 Jan 01 00:16:36 478 2659 A -0.6427 0.9783 62.3S 168.0W 50 340 101 01m41s
51 16 2233 Jan 11 08:49:17 525 2882 A -0.6447 0.9811 60.0S 70.4E 50 333 88 01m28s
52 17 2251 Jan 22 17:21:41 573 3105 A -0.6480 0.9844 56.9S 53.2W 49 327 72 01m12s
53 18 2269 Feb 02 01:53:06 624 3328 A -0.6529 0.9883 53.2S 178.2W 49 323 54 00m54s
54 19 2287 Feb 13 10:21:25 677 3551 A -0.6613 0.9926 49.4S 56.3E 48 321 34 00m35s
55 20 2305 Feb 24 18:46:09 732 3774 A -0.6732 0.9973 45.7S 69.3W 47 320 13 00m13s
56 21 2323 Mar 08 03:05:10 788 3997 H -0.6906 1.0023 42.4S 166.1E 46 320 11 00m11s
57 22 2341 Mar 18 11:18:20 847 4220 H -0.7137 1.0075 39.8S 42.6E 44 321 36 00m36s
58 23 2359 Mar 29 19:24:46 908 4443 T -0.7429 1.0128 37.9S 79.3W 42 323 64 01m02s
59 24 2377 Apr 09 03:25:10 971 4666 T -0.7779 1.0180 37.1S 160.2E 39 325 96 01m28s
60 25 2395 Apr 20 11:17:15 1037 4889 T -0.8203 1.0230 37.7S 41.9E 35 327 134 01m52s
61 26 2413 Apr 30 19:03:57 1104 5112 T -0.8677 1.0274 40.0S 75.0W 30 330 183 02m13s
62 27 2431 May 12 02:43:30 1173 5335 T -0.9214 1.0310 44.8S 170.4E 22 332 267 02m27s
63 28 2449 May 22 10:19:15 1244 5558 T -0.9790 1.0328 54.4S 59.1E 11 332 567 02m24s
64 29 2467 Jun 02 17:48:24 1318 5781 P -1.0425 0.9315 64.5S 50.8W 0 331
65 30 2485 Jun 13 01:16:18 1393 6004 P -1.1075 0.8095 65.4S 172.3W 0 341
66 31 2503 Jun 25 08:40:22 1471 6227 P -1.1759 0.6800 66.4S 66.7E 0 351
67 32 2521 Jul 05 16:04:53 1551 6450 P -1.2445 0.5492 67.4S 54.7W 0 1
68 33 2539 Jul 16 23:27:49 1632 6673 P -1.3148 0.4143 68.3S 176.3W 0 12
69 34 2557 Jul 27 06:54:08 1716 6896 P -1.3827 0.2835 69.3S 60.9E 0 23
70 35 2575 Aug 07 14:21:38 1802 7119 P -1.4499 0.1541 70.1S 62.9W 0 35
71 36 2593 Aug 17 21:53:04 1890 7342 Pe -1.5141 0.0303 70.8S 171.9E 0 47
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
