The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 141 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1613 May 19. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2857 Jun 13. The total duration of Saros series 141 is 1244.08 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1613 May 19 17:43:36 TD
Last Eclipse = 2857 Jun 13 09:35:05 TD
Duration of Saros 141 = 1244.08 Years
Saros 141 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 141 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 70 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 29 | 41.4% |
| Annular | A | 41 | 58.6% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 141 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 141 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 41 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 41 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 70 eclipses in Saros 141: 7P 41A 22P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 141 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1955 Dec 14 Duration = 12m09s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2442 Oct 04 Duration = 01m08s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2478 Oct 26 Magnitude = 0.9645
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2857 Jun 13 Magnitude = 0.0637
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 141 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 141 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -33 1613 May 19 17:43:36 97 -4782 Pb 1.5171 0.0712 63.3N 137.5E 0 41
02 -32 1631 May 31 00:25:37 80 -4559 P 1.4433 0.1996 64.1N 27.6E 0 32
03 -31 1649 Jun 10 07:02:37 47 -4336 P 1.3657 0.3345 65.0N 81.5W 0 22
04 -30 1667 Jun 21 13:36:07 28 -4113 P 1.2858 0.4732 65.9N 170.1E 0 13
05 -29 1685 Jul 01 20:06:07 11 -3890 P 1.2030 0.6163 66.9N 62.2E 0 3
06 -28 1703 Jul 14 02:36:34 8 -3667 P 1.1206 0.7580 67.9N 46.3W 0 352
07 -27 1721 Jul 24 09:06:55 10 -3444 P 1.0382 0.8990 68.9N 155.2W 0 341
08 -26 1739 Aug 04 15:40:56 11 -3221 A 0.9588 0.9408 79.9N 42.9E 16 280 801 03m59s
09 -25 1757 Aug 14 22:16:45 14 -2998 A 0.8807 0.9407 71.6N 113.5W 28 224 467 04m36s
10 -24 1775 Aug 26 04:59:40 17 -2775 A 0.8088 0.9391 61.3N 132.0E 36 213 383 05m16s
11 -23 1793 Sep 05 11:47:24 16 -2552 A 0.7407 0.9370 51.7N 23.0E 42 207 347 06m02s
12 -22 1811 Sep 17 18:43:45 12 -2329 A 0.6798 0.9345 43.0N 85.9W 47 204 330 06m51s
13 -21 1829 Sep 28 01:46:53 7 -2106 A 0.6243 0.9317 34.9N 164.3E 51 202 323 07m43s
14 -20 1847 Oct 09 09:00:23 7 -1883 A 0.5774 0.9290 27.7N 52.8E 55 199 323 08m35s
15 -19 1865 Oct 19 16:21:14 5 -1660 A 0.5366 0.9263 21.3N 60.2W 57 196 326 09m27s
16 -18 1883 Oct 30 23:50:54 -6 -1437 A 0.5030 0.9238 15.6N 174.9W 60 193 331 10m17s
17 -17 1901 Nov 11 07:28:21 -0 -1214 A 0.4758 0.9216 10.8N 68.9E 62 190 336 11m01s
18 -16 1919 Nov 22 15:14:12 21 -991 A 0.4549 0.9198 6.9N 48.9W 63 186 341 11m37s
19 -15 1937 Dec 02 23:05:45 24 -768 A 0.4389 0.9184 4.0N 167.8W 64 182 344 12m00s
20 -14 1955 Dec 14 07:02:25 31 -545 A 0.4266 0.9176 2.1N 72.2E 65 178 346 12m09s
21 -13 1973 Dec 24 15:02:44 44 -322 A 0.4171 0.9174 1.1N 48.5W 65 174 345 12m02s
22 -12 1992 Jan 04 23:05:37 58 -99 A 0.4091 0.9179 1.0N 169.7W 66 169 340 11m41s
23 -11 2010 Jan 15 07:07:39 66 124 A 0.4002 0.9190 1.6N 69.3E 66 165 333 11m08s
24 -10 2028 Jan 26 15:08:59 75 347 A 0.3901 0.9208 3.0N 51.5W 67 161 323 10m27s
25 -09 2046 Feb 05 23:06:26 89 570 A 0.3765 0.9232 4.8N 171.4W 68 157 310 09m42s
26 -08 2064 Feb 17 07:00:23 123 793 A 0.3597 0.9262 7.0N 69.7E 69 154 295 08m56s
27 -07 2082 Feb 27 14:47:00 162 1016 A 0.3361 0.9298 9.4N 47.1W 70 152 277 08m12s
28 -06 2100 Mar 10 22:28:11 203 1239 A 0.3077 0.9338 12.0N 162.4W 72 151 257 07m29s
29 -05 2118 Mar 22 06:00:55 247 1462 A 0.2719 0.9382 14.3N 84.7E 74 150 237 06m50s
30 -04 2136 Apr 01 13:26:19 292 1685 A 0.2295 0.9430 16.5N 26.0W 77 150 216 06m14s
31 -03 2154 Apr 12 20:43:01 337 1908 A 0.1794 0.9478 18.2N 134.2W 80 152 195 05m42s
32 -02 2172 Apr 23 03:53:15 377 2131 A 0.1234 0.9528 19.2N 119.6E 83 154 174 05m12s
33 -01 2190 May 04 10:56:30 418 2354 A 0.0608 0.9577 19.4N 15.4E 86 157 154 04m45s
34 00 2208 May 15 17:53:06 462 2577 A -0.0080 0.9625 18.7N 87.0W 90 334 136 04m19s
35 01 2226 May 27 00:45:11 508 2800 A -0.0810 0.9670 16.8N 171.5E 85 344 119 03m55s
36 02 2244 Jun 06 07:33:12 555 3023 Am -0.1581 0.9712 13.8N 70.7E 81 349 105 03m31s
37 03 2262 Jun 17 14:19:15 605 3246 A -0.2377 0.9750 9.8N 30.2W 76 353 92 03m08s
38 04 2280 Jun 27 21:03:21 657 3469 A -0.3197 0.9784 4.6N 131.2W 71 357 81 02m45s
39 05 2298 Jul 09 03:49:02 711 3692 A -0.4012 0.9811 1.4S 126.5E 66 2 73 02m23s
40 06 2316 Jul 20 10:36:18 767 3915 A -0.4819 0.9834 8.1S 23.1E 61 5 67 02m03s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 07 2334 Jul 31 17:26:33 825 4138 A -0.5608 0.9851 15.6S 81.8W 56 9 64 01m45s
42 08 2352 Aug 11 00:21:35 886 4361 A -0.6366 0.9862 23.6S 171.2E 50 13 63 01m32s
43 09 2370 Aug 22 07:22:21 948 4584 A -0.7082 0.9867 32.0S 62.0E 45 17 66 01m22s
44 10 2388 Sep 01 14:30:25 1012 4807 A -0.7744 0.9867 40.7S 50.1W 39 22 73 01m15s
45 11 2406 Sep 12 21:45:23 1079 5030 A -0.8356 0.9862 49.6S 165.5W 33 27 88 01m11s
46 12 2424 Sep 23 05:09:46 1147 5253 A -0.8896 0.9853 58.6S 74.1E 27 36 114 01m08s
47 13 2442 Oct 04 12:43:00 1218 5476 A -0.9371 0.9838 67.2S 54.7W 20 50 166 01m08s
48 14 2460 Oct 14 20:25:57 1291 5699 A -0.9775 0.9817 73.9S 156.1E 11 82 328 01m09s
49 15 2478 Oct 26 04:18:22 1365 5922 P -1.0109 0.9645 71.0S 13.3W 0 132
50 16 2496 Nov 05 12:20:23 1442 6145 P -1.0373 0.9173 70.2S 146.4W 0 145
51 17 2514 Nov 17 20:31:22 1521 6368 P -1.0572 0.8818 69.3S 78.9E 0 157
52 18 2532 Nov 28 04:49:26 1602 6591 P -1.0722 0.8553 68.3S 57.0W 0 169
53 19 2550 Dec 09 13:15:41 1685 6814 P -1.0815 0.8390 67.2S 165.7E 0 180
54 20 2568 Dec 19 21:47:01 1770 7037 P -1.0877 0.8284 66.2S 27.6E 0 191
55 21 2586 Dec 31 06:23:26 1857 7260 P -1.0903 0.8243 65.1S 111.3W 0 202
56 22 2605 Jan 11 15:01:06 1947 7483 P -1.0928 0.8207 64.2S 110.0E 0 212
57 23 2623 Jan 22 23:41:24 2038 7706 P -1.0937 0.8199 63.3S 29.1W 0 222
58 24 2641 Feb 02 08:20:04 2131 7929 P -1.0971 0.8150 62.6S 167.5W 0 231
59 25 2659 Feb 13 16:57:15 2227 8152 P -1.1020 0.8073 62.0S 54.6E 0 241
60 26 2677 Feb 24 01:29:55 2324 8375 P -1.1113 0.7915 61.6S 81.9W 0 250
61 27 2695 Mar 07 09:58:56 2424 8598 P -1.1242 0.7693 61.3S 142.5E 0 259
62 28 2713 Mar 18 18:21:32 2526 8821 P -1.1428 0.7362 61.2S 8.6E 0 268
63 29 2731 Mar 30 02:38:14 2629 9044 P -1.1669 0.6925 61.2S 123.8W 0 277
64 30 2749 Apr 09 10:47:47 2735 9267 P -1.1976 0.6362 61.5S 105.6E 0 286
65 31 2767 Apr 20 18:51:20 2843 9490 P -1.2335 0.5694 61.8S 23.6W 0 295
66 32 2785 May 01 02:47:04 2953 9713 P -1.2764 0.4886 62.3S 151.0W 0 304
67 33 2803 May 12 10:37:20 3065 9936 P -1.3244 0.3976 63.0S 82.7E 0 313
68 34 2821 May 22 18:21:01 3179 10159 P -1.3779 0.2949 63.8S 42.0W 0 323
69 35 2839 Jun 03 02:01:17 3295 10382 P -1.4350 0.1847 64.6S 166.2W 0 332
70 36 2857 Jun 13 09:35:05 3414 10605 Pe -1.4973 0.0637 65.5S 70.9E 0 342
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
