Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 142

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 142

Solar eclipses of Saros 142 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1624 Apr 17. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2904 Jun 05. The total duration of Saros series 142 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   1624 Apr 17   17:16:18 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   2904 Jun 05   07:24:49 TD

                      Duration of Saros 142  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 142 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 142
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 28 38.9%
AnnularA 0 0.0%
TotalT 43 59.7%
Hybrid[3]H 1 1.4%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 142 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 142
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 44100.0%
Central (two limits) 43 97.7%
Central (one limit) 1 2.3%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 142: 8P 1H 43T 20P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 142 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 142
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 2291 May 2806m34s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 1786 Jul 2500m59s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1768 Jul 1400m29s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1768 Jul 1400m29s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 1750 Jul 03 - 0.99559
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 2904 Jun 05 - 0.00403

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 142

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 142. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 142.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 142

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

08597 -35  1624 Apr 17  17:16:18     88  -4647   Pb  -1.5208  0.0582  71.2S  23.1W   0             
08642 -34  1642 Apr 29  00:29:43     60  -4424   P   -1.4585  0.1660  70.6S 144.7W   0             
08687 -33  1660 May 09  07:36:45     35  -4201   P   -1.3897  0.2868  69.7S  95.9E   0             
08733 -32  1678 May 20  14:40:42     16  -3978   P   -1.3172  0.4158  68.8S  22.1W   0             
08778 -31  1696 May 30  21:41:23      8  -3755   P   -1.2406  0.5534  67.8S 138.7W   0             
08823 -30  1714 Jun 12  04:40:01     10  -3532   P   -1.1610  0.6976  66.8S 105.8E   0             
08868 -29  1732 Jun 22  11:38:48     11  -3309   P   -1.0800  0.8457  65.8S   9.3W   0             
08914 -28  1750 Jul 03  18:38:52     13  -3086   P   -0.9985  0.9956  64.8S 124.3W   0             
08959 -27  1768 Jul 14  01:40:57     16  -2863   H   -0.9176  1.0055  43.0S 137.4E  23   48  00m29s
09005 -26  1786 Jul 25  08:46:33     17  -2640   T   -0.8384  1.0106  34.6S  30.8E  33   66  00m59s

09050 -25  1804 Aug 05  15:57:13     12  -2417   T   -0.7622  1.0144  29.3S  77.1W  40   75  01m20s
09095 -24  1822 Aug 16  23:14:34     11  -2194   T   -0.6904  1.0173  26.1S 173.5E  46   80  01m35s
09139 -23  1840 Aug 27  06:37:32      5  -1971   T   -0.6223  1.0195  24.3S  62.9E  51   83  01m45s
09182 -22  1858 Sep 07  14:09:29      7  -1748   T   -0.5609  1.0210  23.9S  49.8W  56   85  01m50s
09225 -21  1876 Sep 17  21:49:15     -4  -1525   T   -0.5054  1.0220  24.6S 164.5W  60   86  01m53s
09267 -20  1894 Sep 29  05:39:02     -6  -1302   T   -0.4573  1.0226  26.1S  78.5E  63   85  01m55s
09309 -19  1912 Oct 10  13:36:14     14  -1079   T   -0.4149  1.0229  28.1S  40.1W  65   85  01m55s
09352 -18  1930 Oct 21  21:43:53     24   -856   T   -0.3804  1.0230  30.5S 161.1W  67   84  01m55s
09395 -17  1948 Nov 01  05:59:18     29   -633   T   -0.3517  1.0231  33.1S  76.2E  69   84  01m56s
09435 -16  1966 Nov 12  14:23:28     37   -410   T   -0.3300  1.0234  35.6S  48.2W  71   84  01m57s

09475 -15  1984 Nov 22  22:54:17     54   -187   T   -0.3132  1.0237  37.8S 173.6W  72   85  02m00s
09514 -14  2002 Dec 04  07:32:16     64     36   T   -0.3020  1.0244  39.5S  59.6E  72   87  02m04s
09554 -13  2020 Dec 14  16:14:39     72    259   T   -0.2939  1.0254  40.3S  67.9W  73   90  02m10s
09594 -12  2038 Dec 26  01:00:10     84    482   T   -0.2881  1.0268  40.3S 164.0E  73   95  02m18s
09634 -11  2057 Jan 05  09:47:52    107    705   T   -0.2837  1.0287  39.2S  35.2E  73  102  02m29s
09675 -10  2075 Jan 16  18:36:04    146    928   T   -0.2799  1.0311  37.2S  94.1W  74  110  02m42s
09716 -09  2093 Jan 27  03:22:16    186   1151   T   -0.2737  1.0340  34.1S 136.4E  74  119  02m58s
09757 -08  2111 Feb 08  12:05:33    229   1374   T   -0.2650  1.0374  30.2S   6.8E  74  130  03m17s
09798 -07  2129 Feb 18  20:44:37    274   1597   T   -0.2526  1.0411  25.6S 122.5W  75  142  03m38s
09840 -06  2147 Mar 02  05:18:54    320   1820   T   -0.2360  1.0452  20.5S 108.8E  76  155  04m02s

09882 -05  2165 Mar 12  13:45:50    361   2043   T   -0.2130  1.0495  14.9S  18.8W  78  168  04m27s
09926 -04  2183 Mar 23  22:06:49    402   2266   T   -0.1848  1.0540   8.9S 145.2W  79  181  04m54s
09970 -03  2201 Apr 04  06:19:57    444   2489   T   -0.1495  1.0584   2.7S  90.2E  81  194  05m20s
10014 -02  2219 Apr 15  14:26:33    489   2712   T   -0.1086  1.0628   3.7N  32.8W  84  207  05m45s
10058 -01  2237 Apr 25  22:25:04    536   2935   T   -0.0606  1.0668  10.1N 153.7W  87  219  06m05s
10102  00  2255 May 07  06:18:06    585   3158   T   -0.0076  1.0706  16.4N  87.2E  90  230  06m22s
10147  01  2273 May 17  14:04:31    636   3381   Tm   0.0515  1.0738  22.5N  29.7W  87  240  06m31s
10193  02  2291 May 28  21:45:28    690   3604   T    0.1153  1.0764  28.3N 144.5W  83  249  06m34s
10238  03  2309 Jun 09  05:21:55    745   3827   T    0.1833  1.0783  33.6N 102.7E  79  257  06m30s
10283  04  2327 Jun 20  12:55:01    802   4050   T    0.2542  1.0795  38.3N   8.3W  75  265  06m21s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 142

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

10329  05  2345 Jun 30  20:26:17    862   4273   T    0.3267  1.0797  42.1N 117.7W  71  272  06m07s
10375  06  2363 Jul 12  03:55:03    923   4496   T    0.4012  1.0792  45.0N 134.5E  66  279  05m51s
10419  07  2381 Jul 22  11:25:02    987   4719   T    0.4748  1.0777  46.9N  26.9E  61  285  05m32s
10463  08  2399 Aug 02  18:55:14   1052   4942   T    0.5482  1.0754  48.0N  80.4W  57  291  05m14s
10506  09  2417 Aug 13  02:28:06   1120   5165   T    0.6189  1.0723  48.3N 171.4E  52  297  04m55s
10549  10  2435 Aug 24  10:03:12   1190   5388   T    0.6875  1.0684  48.2N  62.2E  46  304  04m35s
10592  11  2453 Sep 03  17:43:48   1262   5611   T    0.7513  1.0638  48.0N  49.1W  41  312  04m15s
10634  12  2471 Sep 15  01:29:11   1336   5834   T    0.8109  1.0585  48.0N 162.2W  36  323  03m54s
10676  13  2489 Sep 25  09:20:22   1412   6057   T    0.8654  1.0527  48.6N  82.9E  30  341  03m32s
10718  14  2507 Oct 07  17:18:18   1490   6280   T    0.9141  1.0464  50.0N  34.0W  24  374  03m07s

10759  15  2525 Oct 18  01:23:55   1570   6503   T    0.9558  1.0396  52.7N 152.5W  17  450  02m39s
10800  16  2543 Oct 29  09:36:30   1652   6726   Tn   0.9919  1.0316  58.7N  91.9E   6   -   02m02s
10840  17  2561 Nov 08  17:55:40   1736   6949   P    1.0221  0.9660  62.5N  31.3W   0             
10880  18  2579 Nov 20  02:21:42   1823   7172   P    1.0466  0.9182  63.3N 166.5W   0             
10921  19  2597 Nov 30  10:54:08   1911   7395   P    1.0654  0.8814  64.1N  56.4E   0             
10962  20  2615 Dec 12  19:30:54   2002   7618   P    1.0802  0.8524  65.1N  82.1W   0             
11003  21  2633 Dec 23  04:12:15   2094   7841   P    1.0909  0.8313  66.1N 137.9E   0             
11042  22  2652 Jan 03  12:55:42   2189   8064   P    1.0995  0.8144  67.2N   3.1W   0             
11083  23  2670 Jan 13  21:41:08   2286   8287   P    1.1061  0.8013  68.3N 145.2W   0             
11124  24  2688 Jan 25  06:24:18   2384   8510   P    1.1141  0.7860  69.3N  72.8E   0             

11166  25  2706 Feb 05  15:07:13   2485   8733   P    1.1218  0.7713  70.3N  69.9W   0             
11208  26  2724 Feb 16  23:45:25   2588   8956   P    1.1327  0.7511  71.1N 148.0E   0             
11251  27  2742 Feb 27  08:19:28   2693   9179   P    1.1468  0.7250  71.7N   6.3E   0             
11294  28  2760 Mar 09  16:45:54   2800   9402   P    1.1667  0.6887  72.1N 133.9W   0             
11339  29  2778 Mar 21  01:06:37   2909   9625   P    1.1908  0.6446  72.3N  87.0E   0             
11384  30  2796 Mar 31  09:18:22   3021   9848   P    1.2216  0.5883  72.1N  49.7W   0             
11429  31  2814 Apr 11  17:21:36   3134  10071   P    1.2589  0.5204  71.7N 176.0E   0             
11474  32  2832 Apr 22  01:15:31   3249  10294   P    1.3031  0.4397  71.1N  44.5E   0             
11520  33  2850 May 03  09:01:02   3367  10517   P    1.3537  0.3475  70.3N  84.3W   0             
11566  34  2868 May 13  16:37:07   3486  10740   P    1.4111  0.2430  69.4N 149.9E   0             

11613  35  2886 May 25  00:04:54   3608  10963   P    1.4742  0.1283  68.5N  26.8E   0             
11660  36  2904 Jun 05  07:24:49   3732  11186   Pe   1.5428  0.0040  67.5N  93.8W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26