Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 143

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 143

Solar eclipses of Saros 143 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1617 Mar 07. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2897 Apr 23. The total duration of Saros series 143 is 1280.14 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   1617 Mar 07   10:05:36 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   2897 Apr 23   02:43:17 TD

                      Duration of Saros 143  =  1280.14 Years

Saros 143 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 143
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 72100.0%
PartialP 30 41.7%
AnnularA 26 36.1%
TotalT 12 16.7%
Hybrid[3]H 4 5.6%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 143 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 143
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 42100.0%
Central (two limits) 42100.0%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 143: 10P 12T 4H 26A 20P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 143 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 143
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 2518 Sep 0604m54s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 2085 Dec 1600m19s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 1887 Aug 1903m50s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 1995 Oct 2402m10s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2013 Nov 0301m40s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2067 Dec 0600m08s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 1779 Jun 14 - 0.92757
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 2897 Apr 23 - 0.03804

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 143

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 143. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 143.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 143

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

08580 -38  1617 Mar 07  10:05:36     98  -4735   Pb   1.5110  0.0419  61.2N  48.6W   0             
08624 -37  1635 Mar 18  18:24:53     71  -4512   P    1.4813  0.0973  61.1N 177.7E   0             
08669 -36  1653 Mar 29  02:38:06     44  -4289   P    1.4469  0.1622  61.2N  45.6E   0             
08715 -35  1671 Apr 09  10:41:25     22  -4066   P    1.4047  0.2423  61.4N  84.1W   0             
08760 -34  1689 Apr 19  18:39:23      9  -3843   P    1.3581  0.3312  61.7N 147.5E   0             
08805 -33  1707 May 02  02:28:17      9  -3620   P    1.3047  0.4339  62.2N  21.4E   0             
08850 -32  1725 May 12  10:12:19     10  -3397   P    1.2472  0.5447  62.8N 103.7W   0             
08896 -31  1743 May 23  17:48:55     12  -3174   P    1.1838  0.6672  63.5N 132.9E   0             
08942 -30  1761 Jun 03  01:22:38     15  -2951   P    1.1182  0.7939  64.4N   9.9E   0             
08988 -29  1779 Jun 14  08:51:28     17  -2728   P    1.0489  0.9276  65.3N 112.1W   0             

09033 -28  1797 Jun 24  16:18:13     14  -2505   T    0.9780  1.0570  77.2N 133.9E  11  975  02m47s
09078 -27  1815 Jul 06  23:43:07     12  -2282   T    0.9062  1.0593  88.1N 162.7W  25  470  03m13s
09123 -26  1833 Jul 17  07:08:02      6  -2059   T    0.8348  1.0591  77.5N  92.5E  33  357  03m29s
09167 -25  1851 Jul 28  14:33:42      7  -1836   T    0.7644  1.0577  68.0N  19.6W  40  296  03m41s
09209 -24  1869 Aug 07  22:01:05      1  -1613   T    0.6960  1.0551  59.1N 133.2W  46  254  03m48s
09251 -23  1887 Aug 19  05:32:05     -6  -1390   T    0.6312  1.0518  50.6N 111.9E  51  221  03m50s
09293 -22  1905 Aug 30  13:07:26      5  -1167   T    0.5708  1.0477  42.5N   4.3W  55  192  03m46s
09335 -21  1923 Sep 10  20:47:29     23   -944   T    0.5149  1.0430  34.7N 121.8W  59  167  03m37s
09378 -20  1941 Sep 21  04:34:03     25   -721   T    0.4649  1.0379  27.3N 119.1E  62  143  03m22s
09419 -19  1959 Oct 02  12:27:00     33   -498   T    0.4207  1.0325  20.4N   1.4W  65  120  03m02s

09459 -18  1977 Oct 12  20:27:27     48   -275   T    0.3836  1.0269  14.1N 123.6W  67   99  02m37s
09498 -17  1995 Oct 24  04:33:30     61    -52   T    0.3518  1.0213   8.4N 113.2E  69   78  02m10s
09538 -16  2013 Nov 03  12:47:36     68    171   H3   0.3272  1.0159   3.5N  11.7W  71   58  01m40s
09578 -15  2031 Nov 14  21:07:31     79    394   H    0.3078  1.0106   0.6S 137.6W  72   38  01m08s
09618 -14  2049 Nov 25  05:33:48     93    617   H    0.2943  1.0057   3.8S  95.2E  73   21  00m38s
09659 -13  2067 Dec 06  14:03:43    130    840   H    0.2845  1.0011   6.0S  32.4W  74    4  00m08s
09700 -12  2085 Dec 16  22:37:48    170   1063   A    0.2786  0.9971   7.3S 160.8W  74   10  00m19s
09741 -11  2103 Dec 29  07:13:18    212   1286   A    0.2747  0.9936   7.5S  70.5E  74   23  00m43s
09782 -10  2122 Jan 08  15:48:51    256   1509   A    0.2713  0.9907   6.9S  58.2W  74   34  01m02s
09823 -09  2140 Jan 20  00:23:11    302   1732   A    0.2676  0.9882   5.5S 173.4E  75   43  01m17s

09865 -08  2158 Jan 30  08:54:37    345   1955   A    0.2620  0.9863   3.4S  45.5E  75   50  01m27s
09908 -07  2176 Feb 10  17:21:21    385   2178   A    0.2532  0.9849   0.9S  81.3W  75   55  01m34s
09952 -06  2194 Feb 21  01:41:31    427   2401   A    0.2396  0.9840   1.9N 153.5E  76   58  01m38s
09997 -05  2212 Mar 04  09:55:00    471   2624   A    0.2211  0.9834   4.9N  30.1E  77   60  01m40s
10041 -04  2230 Mar 15  18:00:26    517   2847   A    0.1964  0.9831   7.9N  91.3W  79   61  01m40s
10085 -03  2248 Mar 26  01:56:01    566   3070   A    0.1643  0.9829  10.6N 150.1E  80   61  01m41s
10130 -02  2266 Apr 06  09:42:37    616   3293   Am   0.1255  0.9829  12.9N  34.0E  83   61  01m42s
10175 -01  2284 Apr 16  17:19:22    668   3516   A    0.0792  0.9827  14.6N  79.2W  85   61  01m45s
10220  00  2302 Apr 29  00:47:19    723   3739   A    0.0263  0.9825  15.6N 170.0E  88   62  01m49s
10265  01  2320 May 09  08:04:33    779   3962   A   -0.0347  0.9820  15.6N  62.1E  88   64  01m56s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 143

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

10310  02  2338 May 20  15:14:20    838   4185   A   -0.1011  0.9812  14.5N  44.0W  84   67  02m07s
10356  03  2356 May 30  22:15:18    899   4408   A   -0.1735  0.9800  12.2N 148.0W  80   72  02m21s
10401  04  2374 Jun 11  05:09:56    961   4631   A   -0.2504  0.9784   8.8N 109.1E  76   79  02m39s
10445  05  2392 Jun 21  11:57:58   1026   4854   A   -0.3319  0.9762   4.1N   7.3E  71   90  03m02s
10489  06  2410 Jul 02  18:42:30   1093   5077   A   -0.4152  0.9735   1.6S  94.4W  65  104  03m25s
10532  07  2428 Jul 13  01:23:55   1162   5300   A   -0.4998  0.9702   8.3S 163.9E  60  123  03m50s
10575  08  2446 Jul 24  08:03:11   1233   5523   A   -0.5854  0.9665  16.0S  61.9E  54  149  04m13s
10618  09  2464 Aug 03  14:43:00   1306   5746   A   -0.6692  0.9621  24.5S  41.3W  48  184  04m32s
10660  10  2482 Aug 14  21:23:36   1381   5969   A   -0.7515  0.9573  33.7S 145.8W  41  234  04m45s
10702  11  2500 Aug 26  04:08:16   1459   6192   A   -0.8296  0.9518  43.8S 106.9E  34  313  04m53s

10743  12  2518 Sep 06  10:55:41   1538   6415   A   -0.9046  0.9458  54.9S   4.8W  25  467  04m54s
10784  13  2536 Sep 16  17:50:18   1619   6638   A   -0.9727  0.9385  67.2S 131.1W  13 1025  04m48s
10824  14  2554 Sep 28  00:50:14   1703   6861   P   -1.0357  0.8994  72.3S  76.0E   0             
10864  15  2572 Oct 08  07:58:20   1788   7084   P   -1.0915  0.8031  72.0S  44.8W   0             
10904  16  2590 Oct 19  15:13:18   1876   7307   P   -1.1411  0.7180  71.5S 167.0W   0             
10946  17  2608 Oct 30  22:37:25   1966   7530   P   -1.1828  0.6469  70.8S  69.0E   0             
10987  18  2626 Nov 11  06:08:45   2057   7753   P   -1.2180  0.5874  70.0S  56.1W   0             
11027  19  2644 Nov 21  13:47:29   2151   7976   P   -1.2468  0.5390  69.0S 177.5E   0             
11067  20  2662 Dec 02  21:32:54   2247   8199   P   -1.2698  0.5007  67.9S  50.2E   0             
11108  21  2680 Dec 13  05:25:03   2345   8422   P   -1.2874  0.4715  66.8S  78.3W   0             

11150  22  2698 Dec 24  13:21:08   2445   8645   P   -1.3014  0.4485  65.8S 152.7E   0             
11192  23  2717 Jan 04  21:20:53   2547   8868   P   -1.3123  0.4307  64.7S  23.3E   0             
11234  24  2735 Jan 16  05:21:36   2652   9091   P   -1.3223  0.4143  63.8S 106.0W   0             
11277  25  2753 Jan 26  13:23:39   2758   9314   P   -1.3311  0.3997  63.0S 124.7E   0             
11322  26  2771 Feb 06  21:22:12   2866   9537   P   -1.3429  0.3802  62.3S   3.5W   0             
11367  27  2789 Feb 17  05:19:18   2976   9760   P   -1.3557  0.3587  61.7S 131.1W   0             
11412  28  2807 Feb 28  13:10:08   3089   9983   P   -1.3736  0.3288  61.4S 102.9E   0             
11457  29  2825 Mar 10  20:56:44   3204  10206   P   -1.3948  0.2930  61.1S  21.8W   0             
11502  30  2843 Mar 22  04:34:12   3320  10429   P   -1.4236  0.2443  61.1S 144.3W   0             
11548  31  2861 Apr 01  12:06:04   3439  10652   P   -1.4566  0.1880  61.2S  94.6E   0             

11594  32  2879 Apr 12  19:28:29   3560  10875   P   -1.4973  0.1183  61.5S  24.2W   0             
11641  33  2897 Apr 23  02:43:17   3682  11098   Pe  -1.5438  0.0380  61.9S 141.2W   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26