Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 145

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 145

Solar eclipses of Saros 145 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1639 Jan 04. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3009 Apr 17. The total duration of Saros series 145 is 1370.29 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   1639 Jan 04   04:56:19 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   3009 Apr 17   12:39:22 TD

                      Duration of Saros 145  =  1370.29 Years

Saros 145 is composed of 77 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 145
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 77100.0%
PartialP 34 44.2%
AnnularA 1 1.3%
TotalT 41 53.2%
Hybrid[3]H 1 1.3%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 145 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 145
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 43100.0%
Central (two limits) 42 97.7%
Central (one limit) 1 2.3%
Non-Central (one limit) 0 0.0%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 77 eclipses in Saros 145: 14P 1A 1H 41T 20P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 145 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 145
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 1891 Jun 0600m06s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 1891 Jun 0600m06s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 2522 Jun 2507m12s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 1927 Jun 2900m50s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1909 Jun 1700m24s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 1909 Jun 1700m24s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 2666 Sep 20 - 0.91862
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 1639 Jan 04 - 0.00094

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 145

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 145. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 145.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 145

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

08634 -39  1639 Jan 04  04:56:19     65  -4465   Pb   1.5650  0.0009  64.6N  80.0E   0             
08679 -38  1657 Jan 14  13:08:11     39  -4242   P    1.5547  0.0171  63.7N  52.7W   0             
08725 -37  1675 Jan 25  21:19:48     18  -4019   P    1.5434  0.0346  62.9N 175.1E   0             
08770 -36  1693 Feb 05  05:27:09      8  -3796   P    1.5276  0.0597  62.2N  44.2E   0             
08815 -35  1711 Feb 17  13:30:15      9  -3573   P    1.5077  0.0919  61.6N  85.4W   0             
08860 -34  1729 Feb 27  21:27:02     10  -3350   P    1.4817  0.1347  61.2N 146.6E   0             
08906 -33  1747 Mar 11  05:18:08     12  -3127   P    1.4504  0.1872  61.0N  20.2E   0             
08951 -32  1765 Mar 21  13:01:45     15  -2904   P    1.4120  0.2524  61.0N 104.3W   0             
08997 -31  1783 Apr 01  20:38:39     17  -2681   P    1.3671  0.3299  61.0N 132.8E   0             
09042 -30  1801 Apr 13  04:08:06     13  -2458   P    1.3152  0.4208  61.3N  11.7E   0             

09087 -29  1819 Apr 24  11:31:59     12  -2235   P    1.2579  0.5225  61.7N 108.0W   0             
09132 -28  1837 May 04  18:48:28      5  -2012   P    1.1934  0.6381  62.3N 133.9E   0             
09175 -27  1855 May 16  02:01:12      7  -1789   P    1.1249  0.7624  62.9N  16.6E   0             
09218 -26  1873 May 26  09:08:56     -2  -1566   P    1.0513  0.8971  63.7N  99.6W   0             
09260 -25  1891 Jun 06  16:15:36     -6  -1343   A    0.9754  0.9981  74.5N 163.8E  12   33  00m06s
09302 -24  1909 Jun 17  23:18:38     10  -1120   H    0.8957  1.0065  82.9N 123.6E  26   51  00m24s
09344 -23  1927 Jun 29  06:23:27     24   -897   T    0.8163  1.0128  78.1N  73.8E  35   77  00m50s
09387 -22  1945 Jul 09  13:27:45     27   -674   T    0.7356  1.0180  70.0N  17.2W  42   92  01m15s
09427 -21  1963 Jul 20  20:36:13     35   -451   T    0.6571  1.0224  61.7N 119.6W  49  101  01m40s
09467 -20  1981 Jul 31  03:46:37     52   -228   T    0.5792  1.0258  53.3N 134.1E  54  108  02m02s

09506 -19  1999 Aug 11  11:04:09     64     -5   T    0.5062  1.0286  45.1N  24.3E  59  112  02m23s
09546 -18  2017 Aug 21  18:26:40     70    218   T    0.4367  1.0306  37.0N  87.7W  64  115  02m40s
09586 -17  2035 Sep 02  01:56:46     81    441   T    0.3727  1.0320  29.1N 158.0E  68  116  02m54s
09626 -16  2053 Sep 12  09:34:09    100    664   T    0.3140  1.0328  21.5N  41.7E  72  116  03m04s
09668 -15  2071 Sep 23  17:20:28    139    887   T    0.2620  1.0333  14.2N  76.7W  75  116  03m11s
09709 -14  2089 Oct 04  01:15:23    179   1110   T    0.2167  1.0333   7.4N 162.8E  77  115  03m14s
09750 -13  2107 Oct 16  09:18:27    221   1333   T    0.1778  1.0332   1.1N  40.6E  80  114  03m16s
09791 -12  2125 Oct 26  17:30:49    265   1556   T    0.1461  1.0329   4.5S  83.6W  82  112  03m15s
09832 -11  2143 Nov 07  01:51:16    312   1779   T    0.1206  1.0326   9.4S 150.8E  83  111  03m14s
09874 -10  2161 Nov 17  10:19:30    353   2002   T    0.1012  1.0325  13.4S  23.6E  84  110  03m13s

09917 -09  2179 Nov 28  18:54:18    394   2225   T    0.0867  1.0325  16.5S 104.6W  85  110  03m12s
09961 -08  2197 Dec 09  03:35:07    436   2448   T    0.0769  1.0329  18.5S 126.0E  86  111  03m13s
10005 -07  2215 Dec 21  12:20:08    481   2671   T    0.0701  1.0336  19.5S   4.1W  86  114  03m14s
10049 -06  2233 Dec 31  21:07:37    527   2894   T    0.0649  1.0348  19.5S 134.7W  86  117  03m18s
10094 -05  2252 Jan 12  05:57:05    576   3117   T    0.0608  1.0365  18.5S  94.0E  87  123  03m23s
10139 -04  2270 Jan 22  14:46:29    627   3340   T    0.0560  1.0385  16.7S  37.3W  87  130  03m29s
10185 -03  2288 Feb 02  23:33:47    680   3563   T    0.0492  1.0412  14.2S 168.4W  87  138  03m38s
10230 -02  2306 Feb 14  08:17:49    735   3786   T    0.0394  1.0441  11.3S  61.0E  88  147  03m49s
10275 -01  2324 Feb 25  16:57:32    792   4009   Tm   0.0257  1.0475   8.1S  68.6W  89  158  04m02s
10320  00  2342 Mar 08  01:32:14    851   4232   T    0.0072  1.0511   4.9S 162.9E  90  169  04m16s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 145

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

10366  01  2360 Mar 18  09:59:22    912   4455   T   -0.0177  1.0549   1.8S  36.4E  89  181  04m33s
10410  02  2378 Mar 29  18:20:23    975   4678   T   -0.0480  1.0587   1.1N  88.6W  87  193  04m51s
10454  03  2396 Apr 09  02:33:17   1040   4901   T   -0.0851  1.0625   3.4N 148.7E  85  206  05m12s
10497  04  2414 Apr 20  10:39:39   1107   5124   T   -0.1279  1.0661   5.0N  27.7E  83  218  05m33s
10540  05  2432 Apr 30  18:37:31   1177   5347   T   -0.1780  1.0694   5.8N  91.0W  80  229  05m56s
10583  06  2450 May 12  02:29:44   1248   5570   T   -0.2330  1.0722   5.6N 151.7E  77  241  06m19s
10626  07  2468 May 22  10:15:11   1322   5793   T   -0.2936  1.0744   4.2N  36.0E  73  252  06m41s
10669  08  2486 Jun 02  17:55:28   1398   6016   T   -0.3587  1.0760   1.8N  78.7W  69  263  06m59s
10711  09  2504 Jun 14  01:31:03   1475   6239   T   -0.4278  1.0769   1.9S 167.3E  65  275  07m10s
10752  10  2522 Jun 25  09:03:45   1555   6462   T   -0.4991  1.0769   6.6S  53.5E  60  287  07m12s

10793  11  2540 Jul 05  16:34:26   1637   6685   T   -0.5722  1.0760  12.4S  60.6W  55  300  07m04s
10833  12  2558 Jul 17  00:03:14   1721   6908   T   -0.6466  1.0742  19.2S 175.0W  50  315  06m43s
10873  13  2576 Jul 27  07:32:31   1807   7131   T   -0.7203  1.0714  26.9S  69.5E  44  334  06m12s
10913  14  2594 Aug 07  15:02:42   1895   7354   T   -0.7928  1.0676  35.6S  47.4W  37  361  05m32s
10954  15  2612 Aug 18  22:35:27   1985   7577   T   -0.8629  1.0629  45.2S 166.8W  30  407  04m45s
10995  16  2630 Aug 30  06:10:52   2077   7800   T   -0.9302  1.0568  56.1S  68.9E  21  514  03m53s
11035  17  2648 Sep 09  13:51:23   2171   8023   Ts  -0.9929  1.0479  70.1S  79.1W   5   -   02m48s
11075  18  2666 Sep 20  21:37:08   2268   8246   P   -1.0506  0.9186  72.2S 136.0E   0             
11116  19  2684 Oct 01  05:28:03   2366   8469   P   -1.1036  0.8161  72.1S   4.5E   0             
11158  20  2702 Oct 13  13:25:52   2467   8692   P   -1.1504  0.7261  71.8S 128.5W   0             

11200  21  2720 Oct 23  21:30:13   2569   8915   P   -1.1917  0.6475  71.2S  97.2E   0             
11243  22  2738 Nov 04  05:42:27   2674   9138   P   -1.2259  0.5827  70.5S  38.5W   0             
11286  23  2756 Nov 14  13:59:51   2780   9361   P   -1.2556  0.5271  69.6S 174.9W   0             
11331  24  2774 Nov 25  22:25:15   2889   9584   P   -1.2785  0.4846  68.6S  47.4E   0             
11376  25  2792 Dec 06  06:55:37   3000   9807   P   -1.2973  0.4500  67.6S  91.0W   0             
11421  26  2810 Dec 17  15:31:45   3113  10030   P   -1.3111  0.4248  66.5S 129.7E   0             
11466  27  2828 Dec 28  00:10:20   3228  10253   P   -1.3228  0.4038  65.4S   9.7W   0             
11512  28  2847 Jan 08  08:52:24   3345  10476   P   -1.3314  0.3886  64.5S 149.6W   0             
11558  29  2865 Jan 18  17:34:21   3464  10699   P   -1.3398  0.3737  63.6S  70.9E   0             
11604  30  2883 Jan 30  02:15:42   3585  10922   P   -1.3484  0.3583  62.8S  68.1W   0             

11651  31  2901 Feb 10  10:54:17   3709  11145   P   -1.3590  0.3395  62.1S 153.8E   0             
11697  32  2919 Feb 21  19:29:46   3834  11368   P   -1.3716  0.3168  61.7S  16.6E   0             
11742  33  2937 Mar 04  03:58:34   3961  11591   P   -1.3893  0.2851  61.3S 118.8W   0             
11786  34  2955 Mar 15  12:21:15   4091  11814   P   -1.4112  0.2456  61.2S 107.5E   0             
11830  35  2973 Mar 25  20:35:44   4222  12037   P   -1.4393  0.1949  61.2S  24.2W   0             
11874  36  2991 Apr 06  04:43:03   4356  12260   P   -1.4726  0.1346  61.4S 154.2W   0             
-----  37  3009 Apr 17  12:39:22   4492  12483   Pe  -1.5141  0.0596  61.7S  78.6E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


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Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26