The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 145 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1639 Jan 04. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3009 Apr 17. The total duration of Saros series 145 is 1370.29 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1639 Jan 04 04:56:19 TD
Last Eclipse = 3009 Apr 17 12:39:22 TD
Duration of Saros 145 = 1370.29 Years
Saros 145 is composed of 77 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 145 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 77 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 34 | 44.2% |
| Annular | A | 1 | 1.3% |
| Total | T | 41 | 53.2% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 1 | 1.3% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 145 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 145 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 97.7% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.3% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 77 eclipses in Saros 145: 14P 1A 1H 41T 20P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 145 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 2522 Jun 25 Duration = 07m12s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 1927 Jun 29 Duration = 00m50s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1891 Jun 06 Duration = 00m06s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1891 Jun 06 Duration = 00m06s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1909 Jun 17 Duration = 00m24s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1909 Jun 17 Duration = 00m24s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2666 Sep 20 Magnitude = 0.9186
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1639 Jan 04 Magnitude = 0.0009
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 145 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 145 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -39 1639 Jan 04 04:56:19 63 -4465 Pb 1.5650 0.0009 64.6N 79.9E 0 155
02 -38 1657 Jan 14 13:08:11 39 -4242 P 1.5547 0.0171 63.7N 52.7W 0 145
03 -37 1675 Jan 25 21:19:48 20 -4019 P 1.5434 0.0346 62.9N 175.1E 0 135
04 -36 1693 Feb 05 05:27:09 8 -3796 P 1.5276 0.0597 62.2N 44.2E 0 125
05 -35 1711 Feb 17 13:30:15 9 -3573 P 1.5077 0.0919 61.6N 85.5W 0 116
06 -34 1729 Feb 27 21:27:02 10 -3350 P 1.4817 0.1347 61.2N 146.6E 0 107
07 -33 1747 Mar 11 05:18:08 12 -3127 P 1.4504 0.1872 61.0N 20.2E 0 98
08 -32 1765 Mar 21 13:01:45 16 -2904 P 1.4120 0.2524 61.0N 104.3W 0 89
09 -31 1783 Apr 01 20:38:39 17 -2681 P 1.3671 0.3299 61.0N 132.8E 0 80
10 -30 1801 Apr 13 04:08:06 13 -2458 P 1.3152 0.4208 61.3N 11.7E 0 71
11 -29 1819 Apr 24 11:31:59 12 -2235 P 1.2579 0.5225 61.7N 108.0W 0 62
12 -28 1837 May 04 18:48:28 5 -2012 P 1.1934 0.6381 62.3N 133.9E 0 54
13 -27 1855 May 16 02:01:12 8 -1789 P 1.1249 0.7624 62.9N 16.6E 0 45
14 -26 1873 May 26 09:08:56 -2 -1566 P 1.0513 0.8971 63.7N 99.6W 0 35
15 -25 1891 Jun 06 16:15:36 -6 -1343 A 0.9754 0.9981 74.5N 163.8E 12 45 33 00m06s
16 -24 1909 Jun 17 23:18:38 10 -1120 H 0.8957 1.0065 82.9N 123.6E 26 110 51 00m24s
17 -23 1927 Jun 29 06:23:27 24 -897 T 0.8163 1.0128 78.1N 73.8E 35 167 77 00m50s
18 -22 1945 Jul 09 13:27:45 27 -674 T 0.7356 1.0180 70.0N 17.2W 42 184 92 01m15s
19 -21 1963 Jul 20 20:36:13 35 -451 T 0.6571 1.0224 61.7N 119.6W 49 191 101 01m40s
20 -20 1981 Jul 31 03:46:37 52 -228 T 0.5792 1.0258 53.3N 134.1E 54 195 108 02m02s
21 -19 1999 Aug 11 11:04:09 64 -5 T 0.5062 1.0286 45.1N 24.3E 59 197 112 02m23s
22 -18 2017 Aug 21 18:26:40 69 218 T 0.4367 1.0306 37.0N 87.7W 64 198 115 02m40s
23 -17 2035 Sep 02 01:56:46 81 441 T 0.3727 1.0320 29.1N 158.0E 68 199 116 02m54s
24 -16 2053 Sep 12 09:34:09 101 664 T 0.3140 1.0328 21.5N 41.7E 72 199 116 03m04s
25 -15 2071 Sep 23 17:20:28 139 887 T 0.2620 1.0333 14.2N 76.7W 75 198 116 03m11s
26 -14 2089 Oct 04 01:15:23 179 1110 T 0.2167 1.0333 7.4N 162.8E 77 197 115 03m14s
27 -13 2107 Oct 16 09:18:27 221 1333 T 0.1778 1.0332 1.1N 40.6E 80 196 114 03m16s
28 -12 2125 Oct 26 17:30:49 266 1556 T 0.1461 1.0329 4.5S 83.6W 82 194 112 03m15s
29 -11 2143 Nov 07 01:51:16 312 1779 T 0.1206 1.0326 9.4S 150.8E 83 191 111 03m14s
30 -10 2161 Nov 17 10:19:30 353 2002 T 0.1012 1.0325 13.4S 23.6E 84 188 110 03m13s
31 -09 2179 Nov 28 18:54:18 394 2225 T 0.0867 1.0325 16.5S 104.6W 85 184 110 03m12s
32 -08 2197 Dec 09 03:35:07 436 2448 T 0.0769 1.0329 18.5S 126.0E 86 180 111 03m13s
33 -07 2215 Dec 21 12:20:08 481 2671 T 0.0701 1.0336 19.5S 4.1W 86 175 114 03m14s
34 -06 2233 Dec 31 21:07:37 527 2894 T 0.0649 1.0348 19.5S 134.7W 86 170 117 03m18s
35 -05 2252 Jan 12 05:57:05 576 3117 T 0.0608 1.0365 18.5S 94.0E 87 165 123 03m23s
36 -04 2270 Jan 22 14:46:29 627 3340 T 0.0560 1.0385 16.7S 37.3W 87 161 130 03m29s
37 -03 2288 Feb 02 23:33:47 680 3563 T 0.0492 1.0412 14.2S 168.4W 87 157 138 03m38s
38 -02 2306 Feb 14 08:17:49 735 3786 T 0.0394 1.0441 11.3S 61.0E 88 154 147 03m49s
39 -01 2324 Feb 25 16:57:32 792 4009 Tm 0.0257 1.0475 8.1S 68.6W 89 152 158 04m02s
40 00 2342 Mar 08 01:32:14 851 4232 T 0.0072 1.0511 4.9S 162.9E 90 149 169 04m16s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 01 2360 Mar 18 09:59:22 912 4455 T -0.0177 1.0549 1.8S 36.4E 89 331 181 04m33s
42 02 2378 Mar 29 18:20:23 975 4678 T -0.0480 1.0587 1.1N 88.6W 87 331 193 04m51s
43 03 2396 Apr 09 02:33:17 1040 4901 T -0.0851 1.0625 3.4N 148.7E 85 332 206 05m12s
44 04 2414 Apr 20 10:39:39 1107 5124 T -0.1279 1.0661 5.0N 27.7E 83 334 218 05m33s
45 05 2432 Apr 30 18:37:31 1177 5347 T -0.1780 1.0694 5.8N 91.0W 80 337 229 05m56s
46 06 2450 May 12 02:29:44 1248 5570 T -0.2330 1.0722 5.6N 151.7E 77 340 241 06m19s
47 07 2468 May 22 10:15:11 1322 5793 T -0.2936 1.0744 4.2N 36.0E 73 344 252 06m41s
48 08 2486 Jun 02 17:55:28 1398 6016 T -0.3587 1.0760 1.8N 78.7W 69 348 263 06m59s
49 09 2504 Jun 14 01:31:03 1475 6239 T -0.4278 1.0769 1.9S 167.3E 65 352 275 07m10s
50 10 2522 Jun 25 09:03:45 1555 6462 T -0.4991 1.0769 6.6S 53.5E 60 356 287 07m12s
51 11 2540 Jul 05 16:34:26 1637 6685 T -0.5722 1.0760 12.4S 60.6W 55 1 300 07m04s
52 12 2558 Jul 17 00:03:14 1721 6908 T -0.6466 1.0742 19.2S 175.0W 50 5 315 06m43s
53 13 2576 Jul 27 07:32:31 1807 7131 T -0.7203 1.0714 26.9S 69.5E 44 9 334 06m12s
54 14 2594 Aug 07 15:02:42 1895 7354 T -0.7928 1.0676 35.6S 47.4W 37 14 361 05m32s
55 15 2612 Aug 18 22:35:27 1985 7577 T -0.8629 1.0629 45.2S 166.8W 30 20 407 04m45s
56 16 2630 Aug 30 06:10:52 2077 7800 T -0.9302 1.0568 56.1S 68.9E 21 29 514 03m53s
57 17 2648 Sep 09 13:51:23 2171 8023 Ts -0.9929 1.0479 70.1S 79.1W 5 60 - 02m48s
58 18 2666 Sep 20 21:37:08 2268 8246 P -1.0506 0.9186 72.2S 136.0E 0 88
59 19 2684 Oct 01 05:28:03 2366 8469 P -1.1036 0.8161 72.1S 4.5E 0 101
60 20 2702 Oct 13 13:25:52 2467 8692 P -1.1504 0.7261 71.8S 128.5W 0 115
61 21 2720 Oct 23 21:30:13 2569 8915 P -1.1917 0.6475 71.2S 97.2E 0 129
62 22 2738 Nov 04 05:42:27 2674 9138 P -1.2259 0.5827 70.5S 38.5W 0 142
63 23 2756 Nov 14 13:59:51 2780 9361 P -1.2556 0.5271 69.6S 174.9W 0 154
64 24 2774 Nov 25 22:25:15 2889 9584 P -1.2785 0.4846 68.6S 47.4E 0 166
65 25 2792 Dec 06 06:55:37 3000 9807 P -1.2973 0.4500 67.6S 91.0W 0 177
66 26 2810 Dec 17 15:31:45 3113 10030 P -1.3111 0.4248 66.5S 129.7E 0 188
67 27 2828 Dec 28 00:10:20 3228 10253 P -1.3228 0.4038 65.4S 9.7W 0 199
68 28 2847 Jan 08 08:52:24 3345 10476 P -1.3314 0.3886 64.5S 149.6W 0 209
69 29 2865 Jan 18 17:34:21 3464 10699 P -1.3398 0.3737 63.6S 70.9E 0 219
70 30 2883 Jan 30 02:15:42 3585 10922 P -1.3484 0.3583 62.8S 68.1W 0 229
71 31 2901 Feb 10 10:54:17 3709 11145 P -1.3590 0.3395 62.1S 153.8E 0 238
72 32 2919 Feb 21 19:29:46 3834 11368 P -1.3716 0.3168 61.7S 16.6E 0 247
73 33 2937 Mar 04 03:58:34 3961 11591 P -1.3893 0.2851 61.3S 118.8W 0 257
74 34 2955 Mar 15 12:21:15 4091 11814 P -1.4112 0.2456 61.2S 107.5E 0 266
75 35 2973 Mar 25 20:35:44 4222 12037 P -1.4393 0.1949 61.2S 24.2W 0 275
76 36 2991 Apr 06 04:43:03 4356 12260 P -1.4726 0.1346 61.4S 154.2W 0 284
77 37 3009 Apr 17 12:39:22 4492 12483 Pe -1.5141 0.0596 61.7S 78.6E 0 293
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
