Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 148

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 148

Solar eclipses of Saros 148 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1653 Sep 21. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2987 Dec 12. The total duration of Saros series 148 is 1334.23 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   1653 Sep 21   15:55:44 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   2987 Dec 12   02:50:04 TD

                      Duration of Saros 148  =  1334.23 Years

Saros 148 is composed of 75 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 148
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 75100.0%
PartialP 32 42.7%
AnnularA 2 2.7%
TotalT 40 53.3%
Hybrid[3]H 1 1.3%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 148 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 148
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 43100.0%
Central (two limits) 42 97.7%
Central (one limit) 0 0.0%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 2.3%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 75 eclipses in Saros 148: 20P 2A 1H 40T 12P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 148 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 148
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 2032 May 0900m22s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 2032 May 0900m22s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 2609 Apr 2605m23s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 2068 May 3101m06s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2050 May 2000m21s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2050 May 2000m21s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 2789 Aug 13 - 0.95798
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 2987 Dec 12 - 0.00737

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 148

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 148. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 148.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 148

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

08671 -35  1653 Sep 21  15:55:44     44  -4283   Pb  -1.5450  0.0324  61.0S 149.7W   0             
08717 -34  1671 Oct 02  23:13:22     22  -4060   P   -1.4952  0.1177  61.0S  92.1E   0             
08762 -33  1689 Oct 13  06:40:02      9  -3837   P   -1.4517  0.1920  61.2S  28.3W   0             
08807 -32  1707 Oct 25  14:17:22      9  -3614   P   -1.4161  0.2528  61.6S 151.3W   0             
08852 -31  1725 Nov 04  22:02:52     10  -3391   P   -1.3861  0.3038  62.1S  83.5E   0             
08898 -30  1743 Nov 16  05:58:25     12  -3168   P   -1.3634  0.3424  62.8S  44.4W   0             
08943 -29  1761 Nov 26  14:00:27     15  -2945   P   -1.3451  0.3732  63.7S 174.2W   0             
08989 -28  1779 Dec 07  22:08:56     17  -2722   P   -1.3315  0.3962  64.6S  54.2E   0             
09034 -27  1797 Dec 18  06:21:51     14  -2499   P   -1.3208  0.4142  65.6S  79.0W   0             
09079 -26  1815 Dec 30  14:38:39     12  -2276   P   -1.3129  0.4273  66.7S 146.4E   0             

09124 -25  1834 Jan 09  22:55:31      6  -2053   P   -1.3043  0.4418  67.8S  11.3E   0             
09168 -24  1852 Jan 21  07:12:16      7  -1830   P   -1.2948  0.4577  68.9S 124.3W   0             
09210 -23  1870 Jan 31  15:26:25      1  -1607   P   -1.2829  0.4781  69.9S 100.0E   0             
09252 -22  1888 Feb 11  23:38:15     -6  -1384   P   -1.2684  0.5029  70.7S  35.7W   0             
09294 -21  1906 Feb 23  07:43:20      5  -1161   P   -1.2479  0.5386  71.4S 170.3W   0             
09336 -20  1924 Mar 05  15:44:20     24   -938   P   -1.2232  0.5819  71.9S  55.6E   0             
09379 -19  1942 Mar 16  23:37:07     25   -715   P   -1.1908  0.6393  72.2S  76.8W   0             
09420 -18  1960 Mar 27  07:25:07     33   -492   P   -1.1537  0.7058  72.1S 151.9E   0             
09460 -17  1978 Apr 07  15:03:47     49   -269   P   -1.1081  0.7883  71.9S  23.3E   0             
09499 -16  1996 Apr 17  22:38:12     62    -46   P   -1.0580  0.8799  71.3S 104.0W   0             

09539 -15  2014 Apr 29  06:04:33     69    177   A-  -1.0000  0.9868  70.6S 131.3E   0             
09579 -14  2032 May 09  13:26:42     79    400   A   -0.9375  0.9957  51.3S   7.1W  20   44  00m22s
09619 -13  2050 May 20  20:42:50     94    623   H   -0.8688  1.0038  40.1S 123.7W  29   27  00m21s
09660 -12  2068 May 31  03:56:39    131    846   T   -0.7970  1.0110  31.0S 123.2E  37   63  01m06s
09701 -11  2086 Jun 11  11:07:14    171   1069   T   -0.7215  1.0174  23.2S  12.5E  44   86  01m48s
09742 -10  2104 Jun 22  18:16:21    213   1292   T   -0.6438  1.0231  16.6S  96.8W  50  103  02m26s
09783 -09  2122 Jul 04  01:25:31    257   1515   T   -0.5649  1.0280  11.0S 154.7E  56  114  02m56s
09824 -08  2140 Jul 14  08:36:11    303   1738   T   -0.4861  1.0322   6.7S  46.5E  61  124  03m18s
09866 -07  2158 Jul 25  15:49:17    346   1961   T   -0.4087  1.0356   3.4S  61.8W  66  131  03m32s
09909 -06  2176 Aug 04  23:05:55    386   2184   T   -0.3333  1.0383   1.3S 170.5W  71  136  03m40s

09953 -05  2194 Aug 16  06:28:08    428   2407   T   -0.2616  1.0403   0.2S  79.6E  75  139  03m44s
09998 -04  2212 Aug 27  13:56:17    473   2630   T   -0.1940  1.0416   0.1S  31.7W  79  142  03m45s
10042 -03  2230 Sep 07  21:30:39    519   2853   T   -0.1309  1.0424   0.7S 144.5W  82  143  03m44s
10086 -02  2248 Sep 18  05:13:07    567   3076   T   -0.0738  1.0426   2.0S 100.6E  86  143  03m42s
10131 -01  2266 Sep 29  13:03:57    617   3299   T   -0.0233  1.0425   3.7S  16.4W  89  142  03m40s
10176  00  2284 Oct 09  21:03:48    670   3522   T    0.0205  1.0420   5.7S 135.8W  89  140  03m39s
10221  01  2302 Oct 22  05:11:16    724   3745   T    0.0584  1.0413   7.8S 102.9E  87  139  03m38s
10266  02  2320 Nov 01  13:28:19    781   3968   Tm   0.0888  1.0406   9.8S  20.8W  85  136  03m38s
10311  03  2338 Nov 12  21:52:54    840   4191   T    0.1131  1.0399  11.7S 146.4W  84  134  03m38s
10357  04  2356 Nov 23  06:24:55    900   4414   T    0.1317  1.0394  13.2S  86.3E  83  133  03m40s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 148

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

10402  05  2374 Dec 04  15:02:56    963   4637   T    0.1455  1.0390  14.1S  42.4W  82  132  03m42s
10446  06  2392 Dec 14  23:46:26   1028   4860   T    0.1550  1.0391  14.5S 172.4W  81  133  03m46s
10490  07  2410 Dec 26  08:33:58   1095   5083   T    0.1613  1.0395  14.1S  56.6E  81  134  03m50s
10533  08  2429 Jan 05  17:22:56   1164   5306   T    0.1666  1.0404  13.0S  74.9W  80  137  03m56s
10576  09  2447 Jan 17  02:14:03   1235   5529   T    0.1703  1.0417  11.1S 152.9E  80  141  04m03s
10619  10  2465 Jan 27  11:03:49   1308   5752   T    0.1751  1.0435   8.3S  20.8E  80  147  04m11s
10661  11  2483 Feb 07  19:51:56   1383   5975   T    0.1817  1.0457   4.8S 111.2W  80  155  04m20s
10703  12  2501 Feb 19  04:35:21   1461   6198   T    0.1925  1.0483   0.6S 117.7E  79  163  04m31s
10744  13  2519 Mar 02  13:15:24   1540   6421   T    0.2062  1.0511   4.2N  12.9W  78  173  04m42s
10785  14  2537 Mar 12  21:49:07   1622   6644   T    0.2254  1.0542   9.5N 142.2W  77  184  04m53s

10825  15  2555 Mar 24  06:16:23   1705   6867   T    0.2502  1.0574  15.2N  90.0E  75  195  05m04s
10865  16  2573 Apr 03  14:36:16   1791   7090   T    0.2815  1.0606  21.4N  35.9W  74  207  05m13s
10905  17  2591 Apr 14  22:49:07   1878   7313   T    0.3189  1.0637  27.7N 160.0W  71  220  05m19s
10947  18  2609 Apr 26  06:54:26   1968   7536   T    0.3627  1.0665  34.2N  78.2E  69  233  05m23s
10988  19  2627 May 07  14:52:04   2060   7759   T    0.4129  1.0688  40.8N  41.0W  65  246  05m22s
11028  20  2645 May 17  22:43:18   2154   7982   T    0.4686  1.0707  47.4N 157.7W  62  261  05m16s
11068  21  2663 May 29  06:28:21   2250   8205   T    0.5295  1.0719  53.7N  88.7E  58  276  05m07s
11109  22  2681 Jun 08  14:07:31   2348   8428   T    0.5953  1.0724  59.7N  21.1W  53  294  04m54s
11151  23  2699 Jun 19  21:42:32   2448   8651   T    0.6645  1.0720  64.9N 126.6W  48  314  04m38s
11193  24  2717 Jul 01  05:13:30   2550   8874   T    0.7368  1.0707  69.2N 133.9E  42  342  04m20s

11235  25  2735 Jul 12  12:43:11   2654   9097   T    0.8101  1.0682  71.7N  40.5E  36  381  03m59s
11278  26  2753 Jul 22  20:10:02   2761   9320   T    0.8853  1.0646  72.2N  46.7W  27  458  03m35s
11323  27  2771 Aug 03  03:38:34   2869   9543   T    0.9590  1.0590  69.6N 129.5W  16  704  03m05s
11368  28  2789 Aug 13  11:07:04   2979   9766   P    1.0325  0.9580  62.1N 146.1E   0             
11413  29  2807 Aug 24  18:39:28   3092   9989   P    1.1023  0.8227  61.7N  24.5E   0             
11458  30  2825 Sep 04  02:13:41   3207  10212   P    1.1700  0.6920  61.3N  97.3W   0             
11504  31  2843 Sep 15  09:54:00   3323  10435   P    1.2325  0.5724  61.2N 139.4E   0             
11550  32  2861 Sep 25  17:38:14   3442  10658   P    1.2912  0.4607  61.2N  15.1E   0             
11596  33  2879 Oct 07  01:29:04   3563  10881   P    1.3441  0.3612  61.3N 110.8W   0             
11643  34  2897 Oct 17  09:25:31   3686  11104   P    1.3918  0.2723  61.6N 121.9E   0             

11689  35  2915 Oct 29  17:29:53   3811  11327   P    1.4323  0.1978  62.1N   7.5W   0             
11734  36  2933 Nov 09  01:40:31   3938  11550   P    1.4676  0.1339  62.6N 138.6W   0             
11778  37  2951 Nov 20  09:57:41   4067  11773   P    1.4970  0.0814  63.4N  88.5E   0             
11822  38  2969 Nov 30  18:20:54   4198  11996   P    1.5210  0.0393  64.2N  46.2W   0             
11866  39  2987 Dec 12  02:50:04   4331  12219   Pe   1.5396  0.0074  65.2N 177.4E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26