The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 149 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1664 Aug 21. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2926 Sep 28. The total duration of Saros series 149 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1664 Aug 21 08:58:23 TD
Last Eclipse = 2926 Sep 28 04:26:34 TD
Duration of Saros 149 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 149 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 149 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 28 | 39.4% |
| Annular | A | 23 | 32.4% |
| Total | T | 17 | 23.9% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 3 | 4.2% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 149 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 149 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 97.7% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.3% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 149: 21P 17T 3H 23A 7P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 149 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 2205 Jul 17 Duration = 04m10s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 2331 Oct 02 Duration = 01m55s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2764 Jun 21 Duration = 05m06s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2403 Nov 15 Duration = 00m33s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2349 Oct 13 Duration = 01m18s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2385 Nov 03 Duration = 00m03s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2025 Mar 29 Magnitude = 0.9376
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2926 Sep 28 Magnitude = 0.0655
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 149 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 149 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -37 1664 Aug 21 08:58:23 31 -4148 Pb 1.4870 0.0844 71.0N 173.8E 0 309
02 -36 1682 Sep 01 16:42:24 13 -3925 P 1.4279 0.1978 71.5N 44.3E 0 296
03 -35 1700 Sep 13 00:34:18 8 -3702 P 1.3749 0.2996 71.9N 87.6W 0 283
04 -34 1718 Sep 24 08:34:20 10 -3479 P 1.3282 0.3889 72.0N 138.3E 0 269
05 -33 1736 Oct 04 16:41:34 11 -3256 P 1.2874 0.4670 71.9N 2.4E 0 255
06 -32 1754 Oct 16 00:57:46 13 -3033 P 1.2535 0.5314 71.5N 135.5W 0 241
07 -31 1772 Oct 26 09:21:18 16 -2810 P 1.2255 0.5846 70.9N 85.1E 0 228
08 -30 1790 Nov 06 17:53:11 16 -2587 P 1.2044 0.6245 70.1N 55.8W 0 215
09 -29 1808 Nov 18 02:30:03 12 -2364 P 1.1874 0.6564 69.2N 162.6E 0 202
10 -28 1826 Nov 29 11:14:08 9 -2141 P 1.1764 0.6770 68.2N 19.9E 0 191
11 -27 1844 Dec 09 20:01:39 6 -1918 P 1.1682 0.6924 67.1N 123.0W 0 179
12 -26 1862 Dec 21 04:53:03 7 -1695 P 1.1633 0.7016 66.0N 93.6E 0 168
13 -25 1880 Dec 31 13:45:01 -5 -1472 P 1.1591 0.7096 65.0N 49.5W 0 158
14 -24 1899 Jan 11 22:38:02 -4 -1249 P 1.1558 0.7158 64.0N 167.5E 0 148
15 -23 1917 Jan 23 07:28:31 19 -1026 P 1.1508 0.7254 63.2N 25.6E 0 138
16 -22 1935 Feb 03 16:16:20 24 -803 P 1.1438 0.7390 62.5N 115.4W 0 128
17 -21 1953 Feb 14 00:59:30 30 -580 P 1.1331 0.7596 61.9N 104.9E 0 119
18 -20 1971 Feb 25 09:38:07 41 -357 P 1.1188 0.7872 61.4N 33.5W 0 110
19 -19 1989 Mar 07 18:08:41 56 -134 P 1.0981 0.8268 61.2N 169.8W 0 101
20 -18 2007 Mar 19 02:32:57 65 89 P 1.0728 0.8756 61.0N 55.5E 0 92
21 -17 2025 Mar 29 10:48:36 74 312 P 1.0405 0.9376 61.1N 77.1W 0 83
22 -16 2043 Apr 09 18:57:49 86 535 T+ 1.0031 1.0095 61.3N 152.0E 0 74 - -
23 -15 2061 Apr 20 02:56:49 117 758 T 0.9578 1.0475 64.5N 59.2E 16 97 559 02m37s
24 -14 2079 May 01 10:50:13 156 981 T 0.9081 1.0512 66.2N 46.3W 24 108 406 02m55s
25 -13 2097 May 11 18:34:31 197 1204 T 0.8516 1.0538 67.4N 149.5W 31 121 339 03m10s
26 -12 2115 May 24 02:13:56 240 1427 T 0.7912 1.0557 67.8N 109.4E 37 134 301 03m24s
27 -11 2133 Jun 03 09:45:16 285 1650 T 0.7247 1.0567 66.6N 10.7E 43 149 272 03m36s
28 -10 2151 Jun 14 17:13:45 331 1873 T 0.6561 1.0569 63.7N 89.4W 49 163 249 03m48s
29 -09 2169 Jun 25 00:37:09 370 2096 T 0.5841 1.0562 59.2N 168.6E 54 173 229 03m58s
30 -08 2187 Jul 06 07:58:31 412 2319 T 0.5109 1.0548 53.6N 63.8E 59 181 211 04m06s
31 -07 2205 Jul 17 15:18:00 455 2542 T 0.4367 1.0525 47.2N 43.0W 64 186 193 04m10s
32 -06 2223 Jul 28 22:38:03 500 2765 T 0.3636 1.0495 40.2N 151.7W 68 190 176 04m09s
33 -05 2241 Aug 08 05:59:21 548 2988 T 0.2920 1.0457 32.9N 98.0E 73 193 159 04m02s
34 -04 2259 Aug 19 13:22:17 597 3211 T 0.2226 1.0412 25.3N 13.6W 77 195 141 03m49s
35 -03 2277 Aug 29 20:49:11 649 3434 T 0.1573 1.0362 17.8N 126.7W 81 196 123 03m28s
36 -02 2295 Sep 10 04:20:19 703 3657 Tm 0.0963 1.0307 10.3N 118.9E 84 197 104 03m01s
37 -01 2313 Sep 21 11:57:00 758 3880 T 0.0405 1.0249 3.0N 3.0E 88 198 85 02m30s
38 00 2331 Oct 02 19:39:16 816 4103 T -0.0097 1.0188 4.0S 114.2W 89 17 64 01m55s
39 01 2349 Oct 13 03:28:54 876 4326 H -0.0532 1.0126 10.6S 127.2E 87 16 43 01m18s
40 02 2367 Oct 24 11:25:04 938 4549 H -0.0902 1.0065 16.7S 7.3E 85 15 22 00m40s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 03 2385 Nov 03 19:27:30 1002 4772 H -0.1212 1.0004 22.1S 113.5W 83 13 2 00m03s
42 04 2403 Nov 15 03:36:25 1068 4995 A -0.1461 0.9947 26.8S 124.9E 81 9 19 00m33s
43 05 2421 Nov 25 11:51:41 1136 5218 A -0.1652 0.9893 30.4S 2.4E 80 6 38 01m06s
44 06 2439 Dec 06 20:11:47 1207 5441 A -0.1794 0.9844 33.0S 120.5W 79 1 56 01m36s
45 07 2457 Dec 17 04:35:27 1279 5664 A -0.1900 0.9799 34.4S 116.2E 79 356 73 02m04s
46 08 2475 Dec 28 13:01:54 1354 5887 A -0.1977 0.9760 34.7S 7.6W 78 350 87 02m27s
47 09 2494 Jan 07 21:30:21 1430 6110 A -0.2034 0.9727 33.7S 132.0W 78 345 100 02m46s
48 10 2512 Jan 20 05:57:20 1509 6333 A -0.2096 0.9700 31.9S 103.6E 78 341 110 03m02s
49 11 2530 Jan 30 14:23:10 1589 6556 A -0.2163 0.9678 29.3S 21.0W 77 337 119 03m14s
50 12 2548 Feb 10 22:44:25 1672 6779 A -0.2262 0.9662 26.3S 144.9W 77 334 125 03m23s
51 13 2566 Feb 21 07:01:44 1757 7002 A -0.2388 0.9650 22.9S 91.8E 76 332 130 03m30s
52 14 2584 Mar 03 15:10:31 1844 7225 A -0.2580 0.9643 19.6S 29.8W 75 330 133 03m36s
53 15 2602 Mar 15 23:13:25 1932 7448 A -0.2814 0.9638 16.4S 150.0W 74 330 136 03m41s
54 16 2620 Mar 26 07:06:11 2023 7671 A -0.3125 0.9636 13.7S 92.2E 72 330 138 03m46s
55 17 2638 Apr 06 14:50:17 2117 7894 A -0.3500 0.9635 11.6S 23.4W 69 331 140 03m52s
56 18 2656 Apr 16 22:23:12 2212 8117 A -0.3957 0.9633 10.5S 136.2W 67 333 143 04m00s
57 19 2674 Apr 28 05:47:47 2309 8340 A -0.4477 0.9631 10.2S 113.0E 63 336 147 04m09s
58 20 2692 May 08 13:02:03 2408 8563 A -0.5074 0.9627 11.2S 4.8E 59 339 155 04m21s
59 21 2710 May 20 20:07:03 2510 8786 A -0.5738 0.9620 13.6S 101.3W 55 343 166 04m34s
60 22 2728 May 31 03:03:54 2613 9009 A -0.6458 0.9608 17.4S 154.2E 50 346 185 04m48s
61 23 2746 Jun 11 09:53:44 2718 9232 A -0.7226 0.9591 22.8S 50.8E 44 350 214 04m59s
62 24 2764 Jun 21 16:37:03 2826 9455 A -0.8039 0.9568 30.2S 51.7W 36 354 265 05m06s
63 25 2782 Jul 02 23:15:18 2936 9678 A -0.8886 0.9534 40.2S 154.2W 27 359 373 05m06s
64 26 2800 Jul 13 05:50:34 3047 9901 A -0.9747 0.9483 56.1S 101.0E 12 6 893 04m52s
65 27 2818 Jul 24 12:24:20 3161 10124 P -1.0608 0.8615 69.2S 11.7W 0 20
66 28 2836 Aug 03 18:56:34 3277 10347 P -1.1473 0.7116 70.1S 121.4W 0 31
67 29 2854 Aug 15 01:31:02 3395 10570 P -1.2310 0.5673 70.9S 127.9E 0 43
68 30 2872 Aug 25 08:07:26 3515 10793 P -1.3122 0.4279 71.5S 16.1E 0 56
69 31 2890 Sep 05 14:49:00 3637 11016 P -1.3883 0.2981 72.0S 97.5W 0 69
70 32 2908 Sep 16 21:33:42 3761 11239 P -1.4611 0.1750 72.2S 147.8E 0 83
71 33 2926 Sep 28 04:26:34 3887 11462 Pe -1.5263 0.0655 72.2S 31.0E 0 97
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
