The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 153 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1870 Jul 28. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3114 Aug 22. The total duration of Saros series 153 is 1244.08 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1870 Jul 28 11:02:31 TD Last Eclipse = 3114 Aug 22 20:29:10 TD Duration of Saros 153 = 1244.08 Years
Saros 153 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 153 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 70 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 21 | 30.0% |
| Annular | A | 49 | 70.0% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 153 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 153 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 49 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 43 | 87.8% |
| Central (one limit) | 2 | 4.1% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 4 | 8.2% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 70 eclipses in Saros 153: 13P 49A 8P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 153 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 153 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2537 Sep 05 | 07m11s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2970 May 26 | 01m26s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2086 Dec 06 | - | 0.92709 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 3114 Aug 22 | - | 0.01779 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 153. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 153.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
09212 -34 1870 Jul 28 11:02:31 0 -1601 Pb 1.5044 0.0742 69.2N 170.9E 0
09254 -33 1888 Aug 07 18:05:46 -6 -1378 P 1.4369 0.1983 70.1N 53.0E 0
09296 -32 1906 Aug 20 01:12:50 6 -1155 P 1.3731 0.3147 70.8N 66.4W 0
09338 -31 1924 Aug 30 08:23:00 24 -932 P 1.3123 0.4245 71.5N 172.9E 0
09381 -30 1942 Sep 10 15:39:32 26 -709 P 1.2571 0.5230 71.9N 50.0E 0
09421 -29 1960 Sep 20 22:59:56 33 -486 P 1.2057 0.6139 72.1N 74.1W 0
09461 -28 1978 Oct 02 06:28:43 49 -263 P 1.1616 0.6905 72.0N 159.6E 0
09500 -27 1996 Oct 12 14:03:04 62 -40 P 1.1227 0.7575 71.7N 32.1E 0
09540 -26 2014 Oct 23 21:45:39 69 183 P 1.0908 0.8114 71.2N 97.2W 0
09580 -25 2032 Nov 03 05:34:13 79 406 P 1.0643 0.8554 70.4N 132.6E 0
09620 -24 2050 Nov 14 13:30:53 95 629 P 1.0447 0.8874 69.5N 1.0E 0
09661 -23 2068 Nov 24 21:32:30 132 852 P 1.0299 0.9109 68.5N 131.1W 0
09702 -22 2086 Dec 06 05:38:55 172 1075 P 1.0194 0.9271 67.4N 96.2E 0
09743 -21 2104 Dec 17 13:48:27 214 1298 A+ 1.0120 0.9381 66.4N 36.6W 0
09784 -20 2122 Dec 28 22:00:56 258 1521 A+ 1.0072 0.9450 65.3N 169.8W 0
09825 -19 2141 Jan 08 06:12:38 304 1744 A+ 1.0024 0.9522 64.3N 57.7E 0
09867 -18 2159 Jan 19 14:23:26 347 1967 A+ 0.9974 0.9600 63.4N 74.2W 0
09910 -17 2177 Jan 29 22:30:30 387 2190 An 0.9897 0.9212 57.6N 165.1E 7 - 06m55s
09954 -16 2195 Feb 10 06:34:27 430 2413 An 0.9797 0.9218 55.2N 41.6E 11 - 06m52s
09999 -15 2213 Feb 21 14:30:14 474 2636 A 0.9635 0.9230 53.4N 78.6W 15 1080 06m44s
10043 -14 2231 Mar 04 22:20:24 520 2859 A 0.9430 0.9246 52.4N 163.0E 19 838 06m32s
10087 -13 2249 Mar 15 06:00:45 568 3082 A 0.9149 0.9266 52.0N 48.4E 23 666 06m18s
10132 -12 2267 Mar 26 13:33:45 619 3305 A 0.8810 0.9289 52.3N 63.7W 28 549 06m03s
10177 -11 2285 Apr 05 20:55:23 671 3528 A 0.8379 0.9315 52.9N 171.4W 33 459 05m50s
10222 -10 2303 Apr 18 04:09:26 726 3751 A 0.7889 0.9341 53.8N 83.7E 38 393 05m38s
10267 -09 2321 Apr 28 11:12:59 783 3974 A 0.7315 0.9367 54.5N 17.0W 43 341 05m30s
10312 -08 2339 May 09 18:08:04 841 4197 A 0.6672 0.9392 54.7N 114.5W 48 300 05m24s
10358 -07 2357 May 20 00:54:23 902 4420 A 0.5961 0.9415 53.9N 151.0E 53 269 05m24s
10403 -06 2375 May 31 07:34:33 965 4643 A 0.5200 0.9436 52.0N 57.9E 58 243 05m26s
10447 -05 2393 Jun 10 14:08:41 1030 4866 A 0.4389 0.9453 48.8N 34.4W 64 224 05m34s
10491 -04 2411 Jun 21 20:37:43 1097 5089 A 0.3537 0.9467 44.2N 126.9W 69 210 05m46s
10534 -03 2429 Jul 02 03:04:30 1166 5312 A 0.2668 0.9476 38.6N 139.6E 74 200 06m01s
10577 -02 2447 Jul 13 09:29:35 1237 5535 A 0.1786 0.9481 32.2N 45.1E 80 194 06m18s
10620 -01 2465 Jul 23 15:54:48 1310 5758 A 0.0904 0.9482 25.0N 50.6W 85 191 06m35s
10662 00 2483 Aug 03 22:21:18 1386 5981 A 0.0030 0.9479 17.4N 147.7W 90 192 06m50s
10704 01 2501 Aug 15 04:52:08 1463 6204 Am -0.0810 0.9471 9.5N 113.4E 85 195 07m01s
10745 02 2519 Aug 26 11:27:49 1542 6427 A -0.1610 0.9460 1.4N 12.7E 81 201 07m08s
10786 03 2537 Sep 05 18:08:59 1624 6650 A -0.2368 0.9446 6.7S 89.6W 76 210 07m11s
10826 04 2555 Sep 17 00:58:18 1707 6873 A -0.3061 0.9429 14.8S 165.9E 72 221 07m10s
10866 05 2573 Sep 27 07:55:50 1793 7096 A -0.3690 0.9411 22.7S 59.4E 68 233 07m06s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur.
s ° ° ° km
10906 06 2591 Oct 08 15:02:49 1881 7319 A -0.4245 0.9393 30.2S 49.1W 65 247 07m00s
10948 07 2609 Oct 19 22:18:05 1971 7542 A -0.4734 0.9375 37.4S 159.2W 62 263 06m53s
10989 08 2627 Oct 31 05:43:51 2062 7765 A -0.5140 0.9358 44.0S 89.1E 59 278 06m44s
11029 09 2645 Nov 10 13:18:36 2156 7988 A -0.5477 0.9344 49.9S 23.6W 57 293 06m35s
11069 10 2663 Nov 21 21:02:01 2252 8211 A -0.5747 0.9333 54.9S 136.6W 55 305 06m26s
11110 11 2681 Dec 02 04:53:55 2350 8434 A -0.5952 0.9326 58.6S 110.4E 53 314 06m18s
11152 12 2699 Dec 13 12:52:50 2451 8657 A -0.6106 0.9325 60.9S 2.3W 52 320 06m08s
11194 13 2717 Dec 24 20:58:06 2553 8880 A -0.6210 0.9329 61.5S 115.6W 51 321 06m00s
11236 14 2736 Jan 05 05:06:12 2657 9103 A -0.6300 0.9340 60.6S 130.0E 51 318 05m50s
11279 15 2754 Jan 15 13:18:44 2764 9326 A -0.6358 0.9356 58.3S 13.1E 50 310 05m39s
11324 16 2772 Jan 26 21:31:18 2872 9549 A -0.6426 0.9378 55.2S 105.7W 50 300 05m26s
11370 17 2790 Feb 06 05:44:15 2982 9772 A -0.6495 0.9407 51.5S 133.7E 49 286 05m12s
11415 18 2808 Feb 17 13:53:37 3095 9995 A -0.6601 0.9441 47.8S 12.9E 48 271 04m56s
11460 19 2826 Feb 27 22:01:00 3210 10218 A -0.6729 0.9480 44.2S 108.3W 47 254 04m38s
11506 20 2844 Mar 10 06:02:50 3326 10441 A -0.6913 0.9523 41.0S 131.5E 46 236 04m18s
11552 21 2862 Mar 21 13:59:08 3445 10664 A -0.7148 0.9570 38.5S 12.4E 44 218 03m55s
11598 22 2880 Mar 31 21:48:29 3566 10887 A -0.7447 0.9619 36.8S 105.1W 42 201 03m32s
11645 23 2898 Apr 12 05:31:42 3689 11110 A -0.7801 0.9669 36.2S 138.9E 38 185 03m06s
11691 24 2916 Apr 23 13:07:22 3814 11333 A -0.8223 0.9718 37.1S 24.8E 34 173 02m39s
11736 25 2934 May 04 20:36:37 3941 11556 A -0.8706 0.9764 39.7S 87.5W 29 168 02m12s
11780 26 2952 May 15 03:59:11 4070 11779 A -0.9249 0.9803 44.9S 162.2E 22 182 01m46s
11824 27 2970 May 26 11:17:06 4202 12002 A -0.9834 0.9826 55.7S 55.7E 10 362 01m26s
11868 28 2988 Jun 05 18:28:53 4335 12225 P -1.0476 0.9018 64.8S 51.6W 0
----- 29 3006 Jun 18 01:38:21 4470 12448 P -1.1143 0.7829 65.8S 168.4W 0
----- 30 3024 Jun 28 08:44:29 4608 12671 P -1.1841 0.6570 66.8S 75.2E 0
----- 31 3042 Jul 09 15:51:12 4747 12894 P -1.2542 0.5293 67.8S 41.7W 0
----- 32 3060 Jul 19 22:56:05 4889 13117 P -1.3262 0.3971 68.8S 158.6W 0
----- 33 3078 Jul 31 06:04:38 5033 13340 P -1.3958 0.2684 69.7S 82.9E 0
----- 34 3096 Aug 10 13:14:10 5178 13563 P -1.4650 0.1399 70.5S 36.3W 0
----- 35 3114 Aug 22 20:29:10 5326 13786 Pe -1.5304 0.0178 71.1S 157.4W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
