The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 157 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2058 Jun 21. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3302 Jul 17. The total duration of Saros series 157 is 1244.08 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2058 Jun 21 00:19:35 TD
Last Eclipse = 3302 Jul 17 17:17:19 TD
Duration of Saros 157 = 1244.08 Years
Saros 157 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 157 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 70 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 14 | 20.0% |
| Annular | A | 19 | 27.1% |
| Total | T | 34 | 48.6% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 3 | 4.3% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 157 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 157 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 56 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 54 | 96.4% |
| Central (one limit) | 2 | 3.6% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 70 eclipses in Saros 157: 6P 19A 3H 34T 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 157 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 2725 Jul 31 Duration = 05m57s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 2563 Apr 24 Duration = 01m49s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2310 Nov 22 Duration = 04m16s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2491 Mar 10 Duration = 00m20s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2545 Apr 12 Duration = 01m17s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2509 Mar 22 Duration = 00m12s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 3176 May 01 Magnitude = 0.9515
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 3302 Jul 17 Magnitude = 0.1004
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 157 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 157 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -33 2058 Jun 21 00:19:35 111 723 Pb 1.4869 0.1260 65.9N 9.9E 0 13
02 -32 2076 Jul 01 06:50:43 150 946 P 1.4005 0.2746 67.0N 98.1W 0 3
03 -31 2094 Jul 12 13:24:35 190 1169 P 1.3150 0.4224 68.0N 152.8E 0 352
04 -30 2112 Jul 23 19:58:32 233 1392 P 1.2284 0.5725 69.0N 43.1E 0 341
05 -29 2130 Aug 04 02:38:44 278 1615 P 1.1461 0.7158 69.9N 68.7W 0 330
06 -28 2148 Aug 14 09:22:21 324 1838 P 1.0655 0.8562 70.7N 178.0E 0 318
07 -27 2166 Aug 25 16:13:35 364 2061 An 0.9901 0.9531 74.4N 41.5E 7 285 - 03m00s
08 -26 2184 Sep 04 23:11:00 405 2284 A 0.9185 0.9576 67.1N 123.3W 23 227 393 03m12s
09 -25 2202 Sep 17 06:18:53 448 2507 A 0.8546 0.9597 57.1N 114.2E 31 214 281 03m24s
10 -24 2220 Sep 27 13:35:07 493 2730 A 0.7966 0.9609 48.0N 2.8W 37 207 232 03m36s
11 -23 2238 Oct 08 21:01:18 540 2953 A 0.7459 0.9618 40.1N 119.7W 41 202 206 03m47s
12 -22 2256 Oct 19 04:37:31 589 3176 A 0.7025 0.9624 33.1N 122.3E 45 198 190 03m59s
13 -21 2274 Oct 30 12:24:18 641 3399 A 0.6667 0.9629 27.0N 2.4E 48 195 179 04m08s
14 -20 2292 Nov 09 20:20:07 694 3622 A 0.6376 0.9635 22.0N 119.1W 50 191 171 04m14s
15 -19 2310 Nov 22 04:24:19 749 3845 A 0.6145 0.9642 17.9N 117.8E 52 187 164 04m16s
16 -18 2328 Dec 02 12:36:37 807 4068 A 0.5974 0.9652 14.8N 6.9W 53 183 157 04m13s
17 -17 2346 Dec 13 20:55:36 867 4291 A 0.5848 0.9665 12.8N 133.1W 54 178 149 04m04s
18 -16 2364 Dec 24 05:18:59 928 4514 A 0.5752 0.9683 11.6N 99.8E 55 174 139 03m48s
19 -15 2383 Jan 04 13:46:26 992 4737 A 0.5682 0.9706 11.4N 28.1W 55 169 128 03m26s
20 -14 2401 Jan 14 22:15:20 1058 4960 A 0.5617 0.9735 11.9N 156.4W 56 165 114 03m00s
21 -13 2419 Jan 26 06:44:37 1126 5183 A 0.5550 0.9770 13.2N 75.2E 56 161 98 02m30s
22 -12 2437 Feb 05 15:11:25 1196 5406 A 0.5453 0.9810 14.9N 52.5W 57 157 79 01m58s
23 -11 2455 Feb 16 23:36:27 1268 5629 A 0.5335 0.9857 17.1N 179.6W 58 154 59 01m25s
24 -10 2473 Feb 27 07:56:51 1342 5852 A 0.5168 0.9907 19.6N 54.6E 59 151 37 00m53s
25 -09 2491 Mar 10 16:11:57 1418 6075 A 0.4952 0.9964 22.2N 69.6W 60 149 14 00m20s
26 -08 2509 Mar 22 00:20:47 1496 6298 H 0.4676 1.0023 24.8N 168.2E 62 148 9 00m12s
27 -07 2527 Apr 02 08:23:26 1576 6521 H 0.4341 1.0086 27.3N 48.1E 64 148 33 00m45s
28 -06 2545 Apr 12 16:19:46 1659 6744 H 0.3942 1.0149 29.4N 69.8W 67 149 55 01m17s
29 -05 2563 Apr 24 00:08:31 1743 6967 T 0.3474 1.0213 31.1N 174.8E 70 151 77 01m49s
30 -04 2581 May 04 07:51:50 1830 7190 T 0.2951 1.0276 32.0N 61.3E 73 154 98 02m22s
31 -03 2599 May 15 15:28:44 1918 7413 T 0.2370 1.0337 32.0N 50.2W 76 158 117 02m56s
32 -02 2617 May 26 23:01:04 2009 7636 T 0.1741 1.0394 31.0N 160.5W 80 163 134 03m30s
33 -01 2635 Jun 07 06:28:22 2102 7859 T 0.1063 1.0447 28.8N 90.3E 84 168 150 04m04s
34 00 2653 Jun 17 13:53:05 2197 8082 T 0.0356 1.0493 25.5N 18.8W 88 173 164 04m37s
35 01 2671 Jun 28 21:15:30 2293 8305 T -0.0374 1.0534 21.1N 128.0W 88 357 177 05m07s
36 02 2689 Jul 09 04:36:31 2392 8528 Tm -0.1123 1.0568 15.8N 122.4E 84 2 188 05m31s
37 03 2707 Jul 21 11:58:10 2493 8751 T -0.1871 1.0593 9.8N 11.7E 79 6 199 05m48s
38 04 2725 Jul 31 19:21:13 2597 8974 T -0.2611 1.0612 3.1N 100.0W 75 9 208 05m57s
39 05 2743 Aug 12 02:47:40 2702 9197 T -0.3329 1.0623 4.0S 146.9E 71 12 216 05m56s
40 06 2761 Aug 22 10:17:10 2809 9420 T -0.4025 1.0626 11.5S 32.4E 66 15 223 05m47s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 07 2779 Sep 02 17:52:25 2918 9643 T -0.4676 1.0622 19.2S 83.8W 62 17 230 05m31s
42 08 2797 Sep 13 01:33:06 3030 9866 T -0.5286 1.0611 26.9S 158.4E 58 19 235 05m11s
43 09 2815 Sep 24 09:20:27 3143 10089 T -0.5844 1.0596 34.6S 38.7E 54 22 240 04m48s
44 10 2833 Oct 04 17:14:56 3259 10312 T -0.6347 1.0576 42.2S 82.6W 50 23 244 04m23s
45 11 2851 Oct 16 01:17:27 3376 10535 T -0.6786 1.0553 49.5S 154.4E 47 25 248 04m00s
46 12 2869 Oct 26 09:28:07 3496 10758 T -0.7160 1.0528 56.5S 30.1E 44 25 250 03m38s
47 13 2887 Nov 06 17:45:34 3618 10981 T -0.7479 1.0502 63.0S 94.6W 41 25 252 03m18s
48 14 2905 Nov 18 02:11:36 3742 11204 T -0.7731 1.0477 68.9S 141.3E 39 21 252 03m01s
49 15 2923 Nov 29 10:43:53 3867 11427 T -0.7936 1.0454 73.8S 20.2E 37 14 251 02m47s
50 16 2941 Dec 09 19:23:14 3995 11650 T -0.8082 1.0434 77.0S 95.1W 36 358 248 02m36s
51 17 2959 Dec 21 04:06:06 4125 11873 T -0.8202 1.0417 77.9S 155.0E 35 337 246 02m28s
52 18 2977 Dec 31 12:54:33 4258 12096 T -0.8278 1.0405 76.1S 40.7E 34 319 244 02m23s
53 19 2996 Jan 11 21:44:38 4392 12319 T -0.8345 1.0397 72.9S 81.5W 33 308 243 02m20s
54 20 3014 Jan 23 06:36:40 4528 12542 T -0.8397 1.0394 68.9S 150.1E 33 304 244 02m20s
55 21 3032 Feb 03 15:27:40 4666 12765 T -0.8461 1.0395 64.9S 19.0E 32 302 248 02m22s
56 22 3050 Feb 14 00:17:54 4807 12988 T -0.8533 1.0400 61.0S 113.6W 31 303 255 02m26s
57 23 3068 Feb 25 09:03:58 4949 13211 T -0.8641 1.0407 57.5S 114.4E 30 304 268 02m31s
58 24 3086 Mar 07 17:46:00 5094 13434 T -0.8784 1.0416 54.6S 16.9W 28 306 287 02m38s
59 25 3104 Mar 19 02:22:05 5240 13657 T -0.8979 1.0426 52.7S 146.4W 26 308 318 02m44s
60 26 3122 Mar 30 10:52:38 5389 13880 T -0.9220 1.0433 51.9S 85.9E 22 310 368 02m50s
61 27 3140 Apr 09 19:14:26 5540 14103 T -0.9534 1.0436 53.2S 37.8W 17 310 480 02m51s
62 28 3158 Apr 21 03:29:39 5693 14326 Ts -0.9899 1.0421 58.3S 153.9W 7 306 - 02m39s
63 29 3176 May 01 11:35:58 5848 14549 P -1.0337 0.9515 62.3S 88.4E 0 305
64 30 3194 May 12 19:36:07 6005 14772 P -1.0825 0.8589 63.0S 40.0W 0 314
65 31 3212 May 23 03:26:31 6164 14995 P -1.1388 0.7514 63.8S 166.3W 0 323
66 32 3230 Jun 03 11:12:09 6325 15218 P -1.1988 0.6368 64.6S 68.4E 0 332
67 33 3248 Jun 13 18:49:45 6488 15441 P -1.2645 0.5110 65.6S 55.2W 0 342
68 34 3266 Jun 25 02:23:46 6653 15664 P -1.3329 0.3802 66.6S 178.3W 0 352
69 35 3284 Jul 05 09:51:17 6820 15887 P -1.4059 0.2406 67.6S 59.9E 0 3
70 36 3302 Jul 17 17:17:19 6990 16110 Pe -1.4796 0.1004 68.6S 62.1W 0 13
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
