The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 158 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2069 May 20. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 3313 Jun 16. The total duration of Saros series 158 is 1244.08 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2069 May 20 17:53:18 TD
Last Eclipse = 3313 Jun 16 07:26:19 TD
Duration of Saros 158 = 1244.08 Years
Saros 158 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 158 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 70 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 17 | 24.3% |
| Annular | A | 16 | 22.9% |
| Total | T | 35 | 50.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.9% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 158 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 158 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 53 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 49 | 92.5% |
| Central (one limit) | 2 | 3.8% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 2 | 3.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 70 eclipses in Saros 158: 7P 35T 2H 16A 10P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 158 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 2231 Aug 28 Duration = 04m43s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 2808 Aug 13 Duration = 01m32s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 3079 Jan 25 Duration = 06m07s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2862 Sep 15 Duration = 00m01s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2826 Aug 24 Duration = 01m03s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2844 Sep 03 Duration = 00m32s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2177 Jul 25 Magnitude = 0.9149
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2069 May 20 Magnitude = 0.0879
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 158 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 158 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -36 2069 May 20 17:53:18 134 858 Pb -1.4852 0.0879 68.8S 69.9W 0 342
02 -35 2087 Jun 01 01:27:14 174 1081 P -1.4186 0.2146 67.8S 165.4E 0 354
03 -34 2105 Jun 12 08:58:11 216 1304 P -1.3489 0.3483 66.8S 41.9E 0 4
04 -33 2123 Jun 23 16:26:12 260 1527 P -1.2763 0.4882 65.8S 80.3W 0 14
05 -32 2141 Jul 03 23:53:38 306 1750 P -1.2029 0.6305 64.9S 158.0E 0 24
06 -31 2159 Jul 15 07:20:50 348 1973 P -1.1288 0.7743 64.0S 36.7E 0 33
07 -30 2177 Jul 25 14:50:33 388 2196 P -1.0564 0.9149 63.2S 85.0W 0 43
08 -29 2195 Aug 05 22:21:03 431 2419 Ts -0.9843 1.0618 56.1S 166.4E 9 40 - 04m03s
09 -28 2213 Aug 17 05:56:32 475 2642 T -0.9161 1.0653 46.0S 60.3E 23 36 525 04m35s
10 -27 2231 Aug 28 13:35:31 521 2865 T -0.8506 1.0661 41.4S 52.2W 31 36 402 04m43s
11 -26 2249 Sep 07 21:21:29 570 3088 T -0.7907 1.0656 39.4S 167.4W 38 37 343 04m42s
12 -25 2267 Sep 19 05:12:14 620 3311 T -0.7348 1.0642 38.8S 75.9E 42 38 304 04m34s
13 -24 2285 Sep 29 13:11:38 673 3534 T -0.6859 1.0621 39.6S 42.9W 46 38 275 04m24s
14 -23 2303 Oct 11 21:17:25 727 3757 T -0.6424 1.0596 41.1S 163.2W 50 38 252 04m12s
15 -22 2321 Oct 22 05:31:18 784 3980 T -0.6059 1.0567 43.3S 74.8E 52 37 233 04m00s
16 -21 2339 Nov 02 13:51:50 843 4203 T -0.5751 1.0536 45.8S 48.3W 55 34 215 03m47s
17 -20 2357 Nov 12 22:20:23 904 4426 T -0.5514 1.0505 48.4S 172.7W 56 31 200 03m35s
18 -19 2375 Nov 24 06:54:54 967 4649 T -0.5328 1.0474 50.7S 62.3E 58 26 186 03m23s
19 -18 2393 Dec 04 15:34:35 1032 4872 T -0.5188 1.0445 52.6S 63.0W 58 20 174 03m13s
20 -17 2411 Dec 16 00:19:07 1099 5095 T -0.5093 1.0419 53.6S 171.2E 59 13 163 03m04s
21 -16 2429 Dec 26 09:07:20 1168 5318 T -0.5035 1.0397 53.7S 44.9E 60 6 155 02m57s
22 -15 2448 Jan 06 17:57:07 1239 5541 T -0.4991 1.0380 52.6S 82.0W 60 358 147 02m51s
23 -14 2466 Jan 17 02:47:01 1312 5764 T -0.4953 1.0366 50.4S 150.3E 60 352 142 02m48s
24 -13 2484 Jan 28 11:35:53 1388 5987 T -0.4910 1.0358 47.2S 21.5E 60 347 138 02m48s
25 -12 2502 Feb 08 20:22:29 1465 6210 T -0.4851 1.0354 43.3S 107.9W 61 343 136 02m49s
26 -11 2520 Feb 20 05:04:06 1544 6433 T -0.4758 1.0353 38.7S 122.7E 61 341 135 02m54s
27 -10 2538 Mar 02 13:41:10 1626 6656 T -0.4629 1.0357 33.6S 6.5W 62 340 135 03m01s
28 -09 2556 Mar 12 22:11:21 1710 6879 T -0.4447 1.0362 28.1S 134.7W 63 340 135 03m10s
29 -08 2574 Mar 24 06:34:21 1795 7102 T -0.4208 1.0371 22.3S 98.3E 65 341 137 03m21s
30 -07 2592 Apr 03 14:48:32 1883 7325 T -0.3902 1.0378 16.3S 26.7W 67 342 137 03m32s
31 -06 2610 Apr 15 22:55:08 1973 7548 T -0.3537 1.0387 10.2S 150.0W 69 344 138 03m44s
32 -05 2628 Apr 26 06:52:57 2065 7771 T -0.3105 1.0392 4.0S 89.1E 72 347 138 03m53s
33 -04 2646 May 07 14:41:46 2159 7994 T -0.2602 1.0396 2.1N 29.4W 75 350 137 04m00s
34 -03 2664 May 17 22:22:49 2255 8217 T -0.2040 1.0395 7.9N 145.4W 78 353 135 04m02s
35 -02 2682 May 29 05:56:13 2353 8440 T -0.1419 1.0390 13.5N 100.9E 82 357 132 03m59s
36 -01 2700 Jun 09 13:23:20 2453 8663 Tm -0.0753 1.0379 18.7N 10.5W 86 1 128 03m49s
37 00 2718 Jun 20 20:43:15 2556 8886 T -0.0034 1.0362 23.3N 119.4W 90 18 122 03m34s
38 01 2736 Jul 01 03:59:45 2660 9109 T 0.0707 1.0339 27.1N 133.3E 86 190 114 03m15s
39 02 2754 Jul 12 11:11:56 2766 9332 T 0.1479 1.0308 30.2N 27.8E 81 195 105 02m52s
40 03 2772 Jul 22 18:22:15 2875 9555 T 0.2259 1.0272 32.4N 76.7W 77 200 95 02m27s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 04 2790 Aug 03 01:30:57 2986 9778 T 0.3044 1.0228 33.9N 179.4E 72 205 81 02m00s
42 05 2808 Aug 13 08:40:55 3098 10001 T 0.3810 1.0178 34.5N 75.3E 67 209 66 01m32s
43 06 2826 Aug 24 15:52:15 3213 10224 H 0.4557 1.0123 34.6N 29.4W 63 212 47 01m03s
44 07 2844 Sep 03 23:05:38 3330 10447 H 0.5278 1.0063 34.5N 135.0W 58 214 25 00m32s
45 08 2862 Sep 15 06:23:08 3449 10670 A 0.5956 0.9999 34.2N 117.9E 53 215 0 00m01s
46 09 2880 Sep 25 13:45:31 3569 10893 A 0.6583 0.9932 34.0N 9.1E 49 216 31 00m36s
47 10 2898 Oct 06 21:13:41 3692 11116 A 0.7154 0.9864 34.1N 101.8W 44 215 67 01m13s
48 11 2916 Oct 18 04:47:37 3818 11339 A 0.7665 0.9794 34.6N 145.3E 40 213 111 01m54s
49 12 2934 Oct 29 12:28:43 3945 11562 A 0.8111 0.9727 35.6N 29.9E 36 210 163 02m35s
50 13 2952 Nov 08 20:16:40 4074 11785 A 0.8489 0.9660 37.2N 87.8W 32 207 227 03m18s
51 14 2970 Nov 20 04:10:31 4205 12008 A 0.8810 0.9597 39.2N 152.3E 28 203 305 03m59s
52 15 2988 Nov 30 12:11:10 4339 12231 A 0.9066 0.9538 41.7N 29.8E 25 198 398 04m38s
53 16 3006 Dec 12 20:17:01 4474 12454 A 0.9271 0.9484 44.4N 94.7W 22 193 508 05m11s
54 17 3024 Dec 23 04:28:14 4612 12677 A 0.9426 0.9437 47.4N 138.6E 19 187 632 05m37s
55 18 3043 Jan 03 12:41:05 4751 12900 A 0.9561 0.9395 50.8N 10.7E 16 181 784 05m55s
56 19 3061 Jan 13 20:57:30 4893 13123 A 0.9658 0.9359 54.1N 119.0W 14 174 951 06m05s
57 20 3079 Jan 25 05:13:22 5036 13346 A 0.9751 0.9330 58.0N 110.2E 12 166 1184 06m07s
58 21 3097 Feb 04 13:28:42 5182 13569 An 0.9846 0.9305 62.5N 22.7W 9 156 - 06m00s
59 22 3115 Feb 16 21:39:29 5330 13792 A+ 0.9970 0.9634 71.2N 169.1W 0 132 - -
60 23 3133 Feb 27 05:47:09 5480 14015 A+ 1.0115 0.9386 71.9N 56.0E 0 118 - -
61 24 3151 Mar 10 13:47:51 5632 14238 P 1.0308 0.9057 72.3N 77.7W 0 104
62 25 3169 Mar 20 21:41:29 5786 14461 P 1.0551 0.8645 72.4N 150.1E 0 90
63 26 3187 Apr 01 05:26:11 5942 14684 P 1.0861 0.8122 72.3N 20.3E 0 75
64 27 3205 Apr 11 13:02:42 6101 14907 P 1.1231 0.7496 71.9N 107.3W 0 62
65 28 3223 Apr 22 20:28:46 6261 15130 P 1.1679 0.6739 71.2N 128.4E 0 48
66 29 3241 May 03 03:45:42 6423 15353 P 1.2193 0.5866 70.4N 6.9E 0 35
67 30 3259 May 14 10:52:59 6588 15576 P 1.2777 0.4872 69.5N 111.5W 0 23
68 31 3277 May 24 17:52:27 6754 15799 P 1.3417 0.3780 68.5N 132.7E 0 12
69 32 3295 Jun 05 00:42:06 6923 16022 P 1.4130 0.2563 67.5N 19.9E 0 1
70 33 3313 Jun 16 07:26:19 7093 16245 Pe 1.4877 0.1283 66.5N 90.9W 0 351
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
