The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 167 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2203 Sep 06. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3483 Oct 24. The total duration of Saros series 167 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2203 Sep 06 14:50:23 TD
Last Eclipse = 3483 Oct 24 04:33:10 TD
Duration of Saros 167 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 167 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 167 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 29 | 40.3% |
| Annular | A | 3 | 4.2% |
| Total | T | 26 | 36.1% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 14 | 19.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 167 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 167 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 97.7% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.3% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 167: 21P 26T 14H 3A 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 167 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 2780 Aug 22 Duration = 06m16s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 3033 Jan 23 Duration = 01m43s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 3339 Jul 28 Duration = 01m01s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 3303 Jul 07 Duration = 00m06s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 3051 Feb 03 Duration = 01m32s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 3285 Jun 24 Duration = 00m17s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 3357 Aug 08 Magnitude = 0.9392
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2203 Sep 06 Magnitude = 0.0067
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 167 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 167 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -37 2203 Sep 06 14:50:23 450 2519 Pb 1.5374 0.0067 71.8N 69.4E 0 291
02 -36 2221 Sep 16 22:25:14 495 2742 P 1.4775 0.1170 72.1N 58.1W 0 278
03 -35 2239 Sep 28 06:09:02 543 2965 P 1.4239 0.2160 72.1N 172.0E 0 264
04 -34 2257 Oct 08 14:01:32 592 3188 P 1.3765 0.3034 71.9N 40.0E 0 250
05 -33 2275 Oct 19 22:03:12 643 3411 P 1.3358 0.3786 71.4N 93.9W 0 237
06 -32 2293 Oct 30 06:13:45 697 3634 P 1.3017 0.4416 70.7N 130.3E 0 223
07 -31 2311 Nov 11 14:33:19 753 3857 P 1.2745 0.4919 69.9N 7.1W 0 211
08 -30 2329 Nov 21 22:59:20 810 4080 P 1.2521 0.5333 68.9N 145.4W 0 198
09 -29 2347 Dec 03 07:33:33 870 4303 P 1.2358 0.5635 67.9N 74.8E 0 187
10 -28 2365 Dec 13 16:12:42 932 4526 P 1.2230 0.5872 66.8N 65.6W 0 176
11 -27 2383 Dec 25 00:57:04 995 4749 P 1.2144 0.6033 65.8N 153.2E 0 165
12 -26 2402 Jan 04 09:42:28 1061 4972 P 1.2064 0.6184 64.7N 12.2E 0 155
13 -25 2420 Jan 15 18:30:39 1129 5195 P 1.2004 0.6298 63.8N 129.2W 0 145
14 -24 2438 Jan 26 03:17:37 1199 5418 P 1.1929 0.6441 63.0N 90.1E 0 135
15 -23 2456 Feb 06 12:03:15 1272 5641 P 1.1843 0.6607 62.3N 50.1W 0 125
16 -22 2474 Feb 16 20:44:52 1346 5864 P 1.1720 0.6841 61.7N 171.0E 0 116
17 -21 2492 Feb 28 05:22:53 1422 6087 P 1.1568 0.7135 61.4N 33.1E 0 107
18 -20 2510 Mar 11 13:54:45 1500 6310 P 1.1362 0.7531 61.1N 103.2W 0 98
19 -19 2528 Mar 21 22:20:29 1581 6533 P 1.1103 0.8030 61.1N 122.0E 0 89
20 -18 2546 Apr 02 06:39:22 1663 6756 P 1.0785 0.8647 61.2N 11.0W 0 80
21 -17 2564 Apr 12 14:51:42 1748 6979 P 1.0412 0.9373 61.5N 142.5W 0 71
22 -16 2582 Apr 23 22:55:56 1834 7202 Tn 0.9969 1.0462 62.8N 91.1E 2 65 - 02m17s
23 -15 2600 May 05 06:53:54 1923 7425 T 0.9474 1.0552 68.5N 2.2E 18 92 579 02m57s
24 -14 2618 May 16 14:44:47 2014 7648 T 0.8919 1.0612 70.9N 97.2W 27 109 447 03m24s
25 -13 2636 May 26 22:30:53 2107 7871 T 0.8322 1.0661 71.8N 165.5E 33 128 392 03m48s
26 -12 2654 Jun 07 06:09:50 2202 8094 T 0.7665 1.0703 70.6N 70.1E 40 148 358 04m12s
27 -11 2672 Jun 17 13:46:16 2299 8317 T 0.6987 1.0735 67.3N 28.6W 45 164 335 04m36s
28 -10 2690 Jun 28 21:18:07 2398 8540 T 0.6272 1.0759 62.2N 131.3W 51 176 317 05m00s
29 -09 2708 Jul 10 04:49:16 2499 8763 T 0.5551 1.0774 56.1N 121.9E 56 183 302 05m22s
30 -08 2726 Jul 21 12:17:48 2602 8986 T 0.4807 1.0780 49.1N 12.9E 61 189 288 05m43s
31 -07 2744 Jul 31 19:48:25 2707 9209 T 0.4082 1.0778 41.8N 98.6W 66 192 276 05m59s
32 -06 2762 Aug 12 03:19:41 2815 9432 T 0.3366 1.0766 34.2N 148.5E 70 195 263 06m11s
33 -05 2780 Aug 22 10:53:34 2924 9655 T 0.2672 1.0747 26.5N 34.2E 74 196 251 06m16s
34 -04 2798 Sep 02 18:30:51 3036 9878 T 0.2008 1.0719 18.8N 81.4W 78 197 238 06m14s
35 -03 2816 Sep 13 02:13:14 3149 10101 T 0.1390 1.0686 11.1N 161.5E 82 198 226 06m06s
36 -02 2834 Sep 24 10:01:22 3265 10324 T 0.0823 1.0647 3.8N 42.9E 85 198 212 05m51s
37 -01 2852 Oct 04 17:54:44 3383 10547 Tm 0.0305 1.0604 3.3S 76.9W 88 197 198 05m31s
38 00 2870 Oct 16 01:55:41 3502 10770 T -0.0147 1.0557 9.9S 161.9E 89 15 184 05m07s
39 01 2888 Oct 26 10:03:09 3624 10993 T -0.0541 1.0509 16.0S 39.5E 87 14 169 04m42s
40 02 2906 Nov 07 18:18:03 3748 11216 T -0.0869 1.0461 21.3S 84.1W 85 11 154 04m15s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 03 2924 Nov 18 02:38:44 3874 11439 T -0.1143 1.0413 25.8S 151.6E 83 8 139 03m47s
42 04 2942 Nov 29 11:06:48 4002 11662 T -0.1353 1.0367 29.3S 26.2E 82 4 124 03m21s
43 05 2960 Dec 09 19:39:39 4133 11885 T -0.1517 1.0323 31.7S 99.8W 81 359 111 02m57s
44 06 2978 Dec 21 04:17:20 4265 12108 T -0.1638 1.0284 32.9S 133.5E 80 354 98 02m34s
45 07 2996 Dec 31 12:58:17 4399 12331 T -0.1729 1.0249 32.9S 6.2E 80 349 86 02m14s
46 08 3015 Jan 12 21:42:29 4535 12554 T -0.1791 1.0218 31.7S 122.2W 80 344 76 01m57s
47 09 3033 Jan 23 06:26:27 4674 12777 T -0.1850 1.0193 29.6S 109.2E 79 340 67 01m43s
48 10 3051 Feb 03 15:09:48 4814 13000 H3 -0.1910 1.0172 26.8S 19.8W 79 336 60 01m32s
49 11 3069 Feb 13 23:50:23 4957 13223 H -0.1990 1.0157 23.5S 148.6W 78 333 55 01m23s
50 12 3087 Feb 25 08:28:22 5102 13446 H -0.2091 1.0145 19.9S 82.8E 78 332 51 01m17s
51 13 3105 Mar 08 16:59:16 5248 13669 H -0.2245 1.0137 16.4S 44.2W 77 331 48 01m13s
52 14 3123 Mar 20 01:25:14 5397 13892 H -0.2436 1.0131 13.0S 170.2W 76 330 46 01m11s
53 15 3141 Mar 30 09:42:12 5548 14115 H -0.2695 1.0127 10.0S 66.1E 74 331 45 01m10s
54 16 3159 Apr 10 17:52:34 5701 14338 H -0.3004 1.0124 7.6S 56.0W 72 332 44 01m10s
55 17 3177 Apr 21 01:51:45 5856 14561 H -0.3400 1.0120 6.1S 175.2W 70 335 44 01m09s
56 18 3195 May 02 09:44:13 6013 14784 H -0.3846 1.0115 5.5S 67.3E 67 337 42 01m08s
57 19 3213 May 12 17:25:49 6172 15007 H -0.4372 1.0106 6.1S 47.5W 64 341 40 01m06s
58 20 3231 May 24 01:00:02 6333 15230 H -0.4952 1.0095 7.9S 160.7W 60 344 37 01m01s
59 21 3249 Jun 03 08:24:31 6497 15453 H -0.5603 1.0078 11.1S 88.2E 56 348 32 00m51s
60 22 3267 Jun 14 15:43:08 6662 15676 H -0.6294 1.0056 15.6S 22.0W 51 352 25 00m37s
61 23 3285 Jun 24 22:54:08 6830 15899 H -0.7039 1.0027 21.6S 131.0W 45 357 13 00m17s
62 24 3303 Jul 07 05:59:42 6999 16122 A -0.7818 0.9990 29.3S 120.4E 38 1 5 00m06s
63 25 3321 Jul 17 13:00:57 7171 16345 A -0.8621 0.9944 38.9S 11.4E 30 6 39 00m33s
64 26 3339 Jul 28 19:59:30 7344 16568 A -0.9434 0.9883 51.7S 100.2W 19 13 126 01m01s
65 27 3357 Aug 08 02:56:15 7520 16791 P -1.0252 0.9392 70.5S 131.6E 0 36
66 28 3375 Aug 19 09:52:27 7698 17014 P -1.1063 0.7926 71.2S 15.4E 0 49
67 29 3393 Aug 29 16:50:10 7878 17237 P -1.1850 0.6512 71.8S 101.7W 0 62
68 30 3411 Sep 10 23:50:10 8060 17460 P -1.2604 0.5171 72.2S 140.2E 0 75
69 31 3429 Sep 21 06:52:35 8244 17683 P -1.3327 0.3896 72.3S 21.2E 0 89
70 32 3447 Oct 02 14:00:16 8430 17906 P -1.3996 0.2731 72.2S 99.1W 0 102
71 33 3465 Oct 12 21:13:11 8618 18129 P -1.4614 0.1668 71.9S 139.5E 0 116
72 34 3483 Oct 24 04:33:10 8808 18352 Pe -1.5162 0.0737 71.3S 16.8E 0 129
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
