The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 174 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2532 Jul 04. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 3758 Jul 18. The total duration of Saros series 174 is 1226.05 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2532 Jul 04 08:54:58 TD
Last Eclipse = 3758 Jul 18 15:31:56 TD
Duration of Saros 174 = 1226.05 Years
Saros 174 is composed of 69 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 174 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 69 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 16 | 23.2% |
| Annular | A | 50 | 72.5% |
| Total | T | 1 | 1.4% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.9% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 174 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 174 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 53 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 51 | 96.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 69 eclipses in Saros 174: 8P 1T 2H 50A 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 174 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 2676 Sep 29 Duration = 00m33s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 2676 Sep 29 Duration = 00m33s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 3434 Jan 03 Duration = 10m52s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2730 Nov 02 Duration = 00m17s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2694 Oct 11 Duration = 00m21s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 2712 Oct 22 Duration = 00m03s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2658 Sep 19 Magnitude = 0.9564
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 3758 Jul 18 Magnitude = 0.0797
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 174 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 174 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -35 2532 Jul 04 08:54:58 1600 6586 Pb -1.4782 0.1040 64.9S 27.8E 0 24
02 -34 2550 Jul 15 16:14:58 1683 6809 P -1.4089 0.2366 64.0S 91.6W 0 34
03 -33 2568 Jul 25 23:36:01 1768 7032 P -1.3408 0.3666 63.3S 149.0E 0 43
04 -32 2586 Aug 06 06:55:48 1855 7255 P -1.2718 0.4975 62.6S 30.2E 0 52
05 -31 2604 Aug 17 14:18:38 1945 7478 P -1.2058 0.6216 62.0S 89.1W 0 61
06 -30 2622 Aug 28 21:41:59 2036 7701 P -1.1408 0.7425 61.6S 151.5E 0 70
07 -29 2640 Sep 08 05:10:48 2129 7924 P -1.0807 0.8532 61.3S 30.9E 0 79
08 -28 2658 Sep 19 12:42:52 2225 8147 P -1.0239 0.9564 61.1S 90.4W 0 87
09 -27 2676 Sep 29 20:20:52 2322 8370 T -0.9725 1.0089 60.1S 173.0E 13 73 134 00m33s
10 -26 2694 Oct 11 04:04:20 2422 8593 H -0.9263 1.0054 59.5S 67.4E 22 65 49 00m21s
11 -25 2712 Oct 22 11:55:16 2523 8816 H -0.8873 1.0009 60.7S 45.3W 27 62 6 00m03s
12 -24 2730 Nov 02 19:52:57 2627 9039 A -0.8541 0.9959 62.8S 160.6W 31 59 28 00m17s
13 -23 2748 Nov 13 03:56:37 2733 9262 A -0.8266 0.9908 65.5S 83.1E 34 54 57 00m37s
14 -22 2766 Nov 24 12:07:07 2841 9485 A -0.8054 0.9858 68.4S 33.6W 36 48 85 00m59s
15 -21 2784 Dec 04 20:23:18 2951 9708 A -0.7896 0.9810 71.2S 149.1W 38 39 110 01m19s
16 -20 2802 Dec 16 04:44:25 3063 9931 A -0.7785 0.9765 73.1S 97.6E 39 27 134 01m39s
17 -19 2820 Dec 26 13:08:54 3177 10154 A -0.7709 0.9725 73.7S 13.7W 39 11 156 01m59s
18 -18 2839 Jan 06 21:36:05 3293 10377 A -0.7660 0.9690 72.6S 126.1W 40 356 175 02m17s
19 -17 2857 Jan 17 06:04:05 3411 10600 A -0.7626 0.9660 70.0S 117.8E 40 345 191 02m34s
20 -16 2875 Jan 28 14:30:34 3531 10823 A -0.7588 0.9636 66.3S 2.2W 40 337 203 02m49s
21 -15 2893 Feb 07 22:54:55 3654 11046 A -0.7539 0.9617 61.9S 125.1W 41 334 211 03m04s
22 -14 2911 Feb 20 07:15:04 3778 11269 A -0.7465 0.9604 57.0S 110.7E 41 332 215 03m19s
23 -13 2929 Mar 02 15:29:16 3905 11492 A -0.7349 0.9597 51.7S 13.5W 42 333 214 03m32s
24 -12 2947 Mar 13 23:36:01 4033 11715 A -0.7178 0.9594 46.1S 137.0W 44 334 210 03m46s
25 -11 2965 Mar 24 07:35:07 4164 11938 A -0.6953 0.9595 40.2S 100.9E 46 337 202 03m58s
26 -10 2983 Apr 04 15:25:41 4296 12161 A -0.6666 0.9599 34.1S 19.3W 48 340 193 04m11s
27 -09 3001 Apr 15 23:05:33 4431 12384 A -0.6296 0.9606 27.8S 136.9W 51 343 183 04m22s
28 -08 3019 Apr 27 06:36:40 4568 12607 A -0.5861 0.9612 21.4S 107.8E 54 346 172 04m34s
29 -07 3037 May 07 13:57:30 4707 12830 A -0.5345 0.9619 15.0S 4.5W 58 350 163 04m42s
30 -06 3055 May 18 21:10:11 4848 13053 A -0.4769 0.9625 8.7S 114.4W 61 353 154 04m50s
31 -05 3073 May 29 04:12:32 4991 13276 A -0.4112 0.9629 2.6S 138.8E 66 357 147 04m54s
32 -04 3091 Jun 09 11:08:43 5136 13499 A -0.3409 0.9629 3.0N 34.2E 70 1 143 04m56s
33 -03 3109 Jun 20 17:57:04 5283 13722 A -0.2644 0.9626 8.1N 67.7W 75 5 140 04m55s
34 -02 3127 Jul 02 00:39:48 5433 13945 A -0.1839 0.9620 12.5N 167.6W 79 10 140 04m52s
35 -01 3145 Jul 12 07:17:33 5584 14168 Am -0.0997 0.9608 16.3N 94.5E 84 14 143 04m50s
36 00 3163 Jul 23 13:52:56 5738 14391 A -0.0141 0.9593 19.1N 2.3W 89 21 148 04m50s
37 01 3181 Aug 02 20:26:50 5893 14614 A 0.0723 0.9572 21.2N 98.3W 86 202 156 04m53s
38 02 3199 Aug 14 02:59:58 6051 14837 A 0.1588 0.9547 22.5N 166.1E 81 205 167 05m00s
39 03 3217 Aug 24 09:35:12 6210 15060 A 0.2430 0.9519 23.2N 70.0E 76 208 181 05m13s
40 04 3235 Sep 04 16:13:17 6372 15283 A 0.3244 0.9486 23.4N 27.0W 71 210 198 05m30s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 05 3253 Sep 14 22:55:41 6536 15506 A 0.4016 0.9451 23.3N 125.3W 66 211 218 05m52s
42 06 3271 Sep 26 05:43:07 6702 15729 A 0.4743 0.9413 23.2N 134.7E 62 212 243 06m21s
43 07 3289 Oct 06 12:37:52 6870 15952 A 0.5408 0.9375 23.1N 32.5E 57 211 270 06m54s
44 08 3307 Oct 18 19:40:05 7040 16175 A 0.6008 0.9335 23.3N 72.0W 53 209 303 07m33s
45 09 3325 Oct 29 02:49:39 7212 16398 A 0.6545 0.9297 23.8N 178.9W 49 207 340 08m14s
46 10 3343 Nov 09 10:08:29 7386 16621 A 0.7003 0.9259 24.7N 71.3E 45 203 381 08m56s
47 11 3361 Nov 19 17:35:39 7562 16844 A 0.7389 0.9225 26.0N 41.1W 42 200 426 09m36s
48 12 3379 Dec 01 01:11:52 7740 17067 A 0.7703 0.9195 27.5N 156.3W 39 195 473 10m11s
49 13 3397 Dec 11 08:53:43 7921 17290 A 0.7971 0.9169 29.5N 86.6E 37 191 520 10m36s
50 14 3415 Dec 23 16:44:00 8103 17513 A 0.8167 0.9149 31.5N 33.0W 35 186 562 10m51s
51 15 3434 Jan 03 00:38:28 8288 17736 A 0.8327 0.9134 33.9N 154.1W 33 181 599 10m52s
52 16 3452 Jan 14 08:38:04 8474 17959 A 0.8446 0.9126 36.5N 83.2E 32 176 625 10m42s
53 17 3470 Jan 24 16:38:42 8663 18182 A 0.8554 0.9124 39.5N 40.1W 31 170 646 10m19s
54 18 3488 Feb 05 00:41:42 8854 18405 A 0.8645 0.9129 42.8N 164.1W 30 165 659 09m48s
55 19 3506 Feb 16 08:42:57 9047 18628 A 0.8749 0.9140 46.7N 71.8E 29 160 674 09m09s
56 20 3524 Feb 27 16:42:15 9241 18851 A 0.8870 0.9156 51.1N 52.3W 27 154 692 08m26s
57 21 3542 Mar 10 00:37:10 9438 19074 A 0.9028 0.9176 56.2N 176.4W 25 148 725 07m40s
58 22 3560 Mar 20 08:27:58 9637 19297 A 0.9221 0.9200 61.9N 58.6E 22 140 784 06m54s
59 23 3578 Mar 31 16:11:32 9839 19520 A 0.9475 0.9225 68.3N 70.2W 18 128 930 06m07s
60 24 3596 Apr 10 23:48:56 10042 19743 An 0.9784 0.9246 74.0N 145.6E 11 98 - 05m21s
61 25 3614 Apr 22 07:18:30 10247 19966 A+ 1.0159 0.9309 71.3N 17.2W 0 48 - -
62 26 3632 May 02 14:41:58 10454 20189 P 1.0588 0.8600 70.5N 140.1W 0 36
63 27 3650 May 13 21:55:59 10664 20412 P 1.1096 0.7748 69.6N 100.0E 0 24
64 28 3668 May 24 05:04:56 10875 20635 P 1.1650 0.6810 68.6N 18.0W 0 12
65 29 3686 Jun 04 12:06:06 11089 20858 P 1.2272 0.5745 67.6N 133.4W 0 1
66 30 3704 Jun 15 19:03:50 11304 21081 P 1.2922 0.4620 66.5N 112.5E 0 351
67 31 3722 Jun 27 01:54:49 11522 21304 P 1.3630 0.3384 65.6N 0.5E 0 341
68 32 3740 Jul 07 08:45:11 11742 21527 P 1.4346 0.2124 64.7N 110.9W 0 332
69 33 3758 Jul 18 15:31:56 11963 21750 Pe 1.5095 0.0797 63.8N 138.9E 0 322
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
