Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Saros Series 174

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.


Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 174

Solar eclipses of Saros 174 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2532 Jul 04. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 3758 Jul 18. The total duration of Saros series 174 is 1226.05 years. In summary:

                      First Eclipse =   2532 Jul 04   08:54:58 TD
                       Last Eclipse =   3758 Jul 18   15:31:56 TD

                      Duration of Saros 174  =  1226.05 Years

Saros 174 is composed of 69 solar eclipses as follows:

Solar Eclipses of Saros 174
Eclipse Type Symbol Number Percent
All Eclipses - 69100.0%
PartialP 16 23.2%
AnnularA 50 72.5%
TotalT 1 1.4%
Hybrid[3]H 2 2.9%

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 174 appears in the following table.

Umbral Eclipses of Saros 174
Classification Number Percent
All Umbral Eclipses 53100.0%
Central (two limits) 51 96.2%
Central (one limit) 1 1.9%
Non-Central (one limit) 1 1.9%

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 69 eclipses in Saros 174: 8P 1T 2H 50A 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 174 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 174
Extrema Type Date Duration Magnitude
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse 3434 Jan 0310m52s -
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse 2730 Nov 0200m17s -
Longest Total Solar Eclipse 2676 Sep 2900m33s -
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse 2676 Sep 2900m33s -
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2694 Oct 1100m21s -
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2712 Oct 2200m03s -
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse 2658 Sep 19 - 0.95640
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse 3758 Jul 18 - 0.07972

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 174

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 174. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.


For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 174.



Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 174

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

10775 -35  2532 Jul 04  08:54:58   1600   6586   Pb  -1.4782  0.1040  64.9S  27.8E   0             
10815 -34  2550 Jul 15  16:14:58   1683   6809   P   -1.4089  0.2366  64.0S  91.6W   0             
10855 -33  2568 Jul 25  23:36:01   1768   7032   P   -1.3408  0.3666  63.3S 149.0E   0             
10895 -32  2586 Aug 06  06:55:48   1855   7255   P   -1.2718  0.4975  62.6S  30.2E   0             
10936 -31  2604 Aug 17  14:18:38   1945   7478   P   -1.2058  0.6216  62.0S  89.1W   0             
10977 -30  2622 Aug 28  21:41:59   2036   7701   P   -1.1408  0.7425  61.6S 151.5E   0             
11017 -29  2640 Sep 08  05:10:48   2129   7924   P   -1.0807  0.8532  61.3S  30.9E   0             
11057 -28  2658 Sep 19  12:42:52   2225   8147   P   -1.0239  0.9564  61.1S  90.4W   0             
11098 -27  2676 Sep 29  20:20:52   2322   8370   T   -0.9725  1.0089  60.1S 173.0E  13  134  00m33s
11140 -26  2694 Oct 11  04:04:20   2422   8593   H   -0.9263  1.0054  59.5S  67.4E  22   49  00m21s

11182 -25  2712 Oct 22  11:55:16   2523   8816   H   -0.8873  1.0009  60.7S  45.3W  27    6  00m03s
11224 -24  2730 Nov 02  19:52:57   2627   9039   A   -0.8541  0.9959  62.8S 160.6W  31   28  00m17s
11267 -23  2748 Nov 13  03:56:37   2733   9262   A   -0.8266  0.9908  65.5S  83.1E  34   57  00m37s
11312 -22  2766 Nov 24  12:07:07   2841   9485   A   -0.8054  0.9858  68.4S  33.6W  36   85  00m59s
11356 -21  2784 Dec 04  20:23:18   2951   9708   A   -0.7896  0.9810  71.2S 149.1W  38  110  01m19s
11401 -20  2802 Dec 16  04:44:25   3063   9931   A   -0.7785  0.9765  73.1S  97.6E  39  134  01m39s
11446 -19  2820 Dec 26  13:08:54   3177  10154   A   -0.7709  0.9725  73.7S  13.7W  39  156  01m59s
11491 -18  2839 Jan 06  21:36:05   3293  10377   A   -0.7660  0.9690  72.6S 126.1W  40  175  02m17s
11537 -17  2857 Jan 17  06:04:05   3411  10600   A   -0.7626  0.9660  70.0S 117.8E  40  191  02m34s
11584 -16  2875 Jan 28  14:30:34   3531  10823   A   -0.7588  0.9636  66.3S   2.2W  40  203  02m49s

11631 -15  2893 Feb 07  22:54:55   3654  11046   A   -0.7539  0.9617  61.9S 125.1W  41  211  03m04s
11678 -14  2911 Feb 20  07:15:04   3778  11269   A   -0.7465  0.9604  57.0S 110.7E  41  215  03m19s
11723 -13  2929 Mar 02  15:29:16   3905  11492   A   -0.7349  0.9597  51.7S  13.5W  42  214  03m32s
11767 -12  2947 Mar 13  23:36:01   4033  11715   A   -0.7178  0.9594  46.1S 137.0W  44  210  03m46s
11811 -11  2965 Mar 24  07:35:07   4164  11938   A   -0.6953  0.9595  40.2S 100.9E  46  202  03m58s
11855 -10  2983 Apr 04  15:25:41   4296  12161   A   -0.6666  0.9599  34.1S  19.3W  48  193  04m11s
----- -09  3001 Apr 15  23:05:33   4431  12384   A   -0.6296  0.9606  27.8S 136.9W  51  183  04m22s
----- -08  3019 Apr 27  06:36:40   4568  12607   A   -0.5861  0.9612  21.4S 107.8E  54  172  04m34s
----- -07  3037 May 07  13:57:30   4707  12830   A   -0.5345  0.9619  15.0S   4.5W  58  163  04m42s
----- -06  3055 May 18  21:10:11   4848  13053   A   -0.4769  0.9625   8.7S 114.4W  61  154  04m50s

----- -05  3073 May 29  04:12:32   4991  13276   A   -0.4112  0.9629   2.6S 138.8E  66  147  04m54s
----- -04  3091 Jun 09  11:08:43   5136  13499   A   -0.3409  0.9629   3.0N  34.2E  70  143  04m56s
----- -03  3109 Jun 20  17:57:04   5283  13722   A   -0.2644  0.9626   8.1N  67.7W  75  140  04m55s
----- -02  3127 Jul 02  00:39:48   5433  13945   A   -0.1839  0.9620  12.5N 167.6W  79  140  04m52s
----- -01  3145 Jul 12  07:17:33   5584  14168   Am  -0.0997  0.9608  16.3N  94.5E  84  143  04m50s
-----  00  3163 Jul 23  13:52:56   5738  14391   A   -0.0141  0.9593  19.1N   2.3W  89  148  04m50s
-----  01  3181 Aug 02  20:26:50   5893  14614   A    0.0723  0.9572  21.2N  98.3W  86  156  04m53s
-----  02  3199 Aug 14  02:59:58   6051  14837   A    0.1588  0.9547  22.5N 166.1E  81  167  05m00s
-----  03  3217 Aug 24  09:35:12   6210  15060   A    0.2430  0.9519  23.2N  70.0E  76  181  05m13s
-----  04  3235 Sep 04  16:13:17   6372  15283   A    0.3244  0.9486  23.4N  27.0W  71  198  05m30s


Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 174

                         TD of
 Seq. Rel.   Calendar   Greatest          Luna  Ecl.           Ecl.                Sun Path  Central
 Num. Num.     Date      Eclipse     ΔT   Num.  Type  Gamma    Mag.    Lat   Long  Alt Width   Dur.
                                      s                                 °      °     °    km

-----  05  3253 Sep 14  22:55:41   6536  15506   A    0.4016  0.9451  23.3N 125.3W  66  218  05m52s
-----  06  3271 Sep 26  05:43:07   6702  15729   A    0.4743  0.9413  23.2N 134.7E  62  243  06m21s
-----  07  3289 Oct 06  12:37:52   6870  15952   A    0.5408  0.9375  23.1N  32.5E  57  270  06m54s
-----  08  3307 Oct 18  19:40:05   7040  16175   A    0.6008  0.9335  23.3N  72.0W  53  303  07m33s
-----  09  3325 Oct 29  02:49:39   7212  16398   A    0.6545  0.9297  23.8N 178.9W  49  340  08m14s
-----  10  3343 Nov 09  10:08:29   7386  16621   A    0.7003  0.9259  24.7N  71.3E  45  381  08m56s
-----  11  3361 Nov 19  17:35:39   7562  16844   A    0.7389  0.9225  26.0N  41.1W  42  426  09m36s
-----  12  3379 Dec 01  01:11:52   7740  17067   A    0.7703  0.9195  27.5N 156.3W  39  473  10m11s
-----  13  3397 Dec 11  08:53:43   7921  17290   A    0.7971  0.9169  29.5N  86.6E  37  520  10m36s
-----  14  3415 Dec 23  16:44:00   8103  17513   A    0.8167  0.9149  31.5N  33.0W  35  562  10m51s

-----  15  3434 Jan 03  00:38:28   8288  17736   A    0.8327  0.9134  33.9N 154.1W  33  599  10m52s
-----  16  3452 Jan 14  08:38:04   8474  17959   A    0.8446  0.9126  36.5N  83.2E  32  625  10m42s
-----  17  3470 Jan 24  16:38:42   8663  18182   A    0.8554  0.9124  39.5N  40.1W  31  646  10m19s
-----  18  3488 Feb 05  00:41:42   8854  18405   A    0.8645  0.9129  42.8N 164.1W  30  659  09m48s
-----  19  3506 Feb 16  08:42:57   9047  18628   A    0.8749  0.9140  46.7N  71.8E  29  674  09m09s
-----  20  3524 Feb 27  16:42:15   9241  18851   A    0.8870  0.9156  51.1N  52.3W  27  692  08m26s
-----  21  3542 Mar 10  00:37:10   9438  19074   A    0.9028  0.9176  56.2N 176.4W  25  725  07m40s
-----  22  3560 Mar 20  08:27:58   9637  19297   A    0.9221  0.9200  61.9N  58.6E  22  784  06m54s
-----  23  3578 Mar 31  16:11:32   9839  19520   A    0.9475  0.9225  68.3N  70.2W  18  930  06m07s
-----  24  3596 Apr 10  23:48:56  10042  19743   An   0.9784  0.9246  74.0N 145.6E  11   -   05m21s

-----  25  3614 Apr 22  07:18:30  10247  19966   A+   1.0159  0.9309  71.3N  17.2W   0             
-----  26  3632 May 02  14:41:58  10454  20189   P    1.0588  0.8600  70.5N 140.1W   0             
-----  27  3650 May 13  21:55:59  10664  20412   P    1.1096  0.7748  69.6N 100.0E   0             
-----  28  3668 May 24  05:04:56  10875  20635   P    1.1650  0.6810  68.6N  18.0W   0             
-----  29  3686 Jun 04  12:06:06  11089  20858   P    1.2272  0.5745  67.6N 133.4W   0             
-----  30  3704 Jun 15  19:03:50  11304  21081   P    1.2922  0.4620  66.5N 112.5E   0             
-----  31  3722 Jun 27  01:54:49  11522  21304   P    1.3630  0.3384  65.6N   0.5E   0             
-----  32  3740 Jul 07  08:45:11  11742  21527   P    1.4346  0.2124  64.7N 110.9W   0             
-----  33  3758 Jul 18  15:31:56  11963  21750   Pe   1.5095  0.0797  63.8N 138.9E   0             


Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..


Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

  1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
  2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
  3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.


Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.


Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"


Return to:

Saros Series Catalog of Solar Eclipses

Periodicity of Solar Eclipses

Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses

2009 Sep 26