The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 175 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2597 Jul 05. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3841 Jul 31. The total duration of Saros series 175 is 1244.08 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2597 Jul 05 17:53:16 TD
Last Eclipse = 3841 Jul 31 21:40:43 TD
Duration of Saros 175 = 1244.08 Years
Saros 175 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 175 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 70 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 21.4% |
| Annular | A | 26 | 37.1% |
| Total | T | 24 | 34.3% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 5 | 7.1% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 175 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 175 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 55 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 53 | 96.4% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 70 eclipses in Saros 175: 7P 26A 5H 24T 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 175 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 3679 Apr 23 Duration = 02m49s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 3480 Dec 24 Duration = 01m04s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2867 Dec 17 Duration = 09m55s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 3174 Jun 21 Duration = 00m14s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 3264 Aug 14 Duration = 01m45s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 3192 Jul 01 Duration = 00m17s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 3715 May 16 Magnitude = 0.9193
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2597 Jul 05 Magnitude = 0.0437
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 175 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 175 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -33 2597 Jul 05 17:53:16 1909 7390 Pb 1.5370 0.0437 67.4N 99.2E 0 358
02 -32 2615 Jul 18 00:19:58 2000 7613 P 1.4533 0.1869 68.4N 8.1W 0 348
03 -31 2633 Jul 28 06:45:14 2092 7836 P 1.3679 0.3330 69.4N 115.6W 0 337
04 -30 2651 Aug 08 13:13:27 2187 8059 P 1.2844 0.4757 70.3N 135.6E 0 325
05 -29 2669 Aug 18 19:43:41 2283 8282 P 1.2020 0.6161 71.1N 25.7E 0 313
06 -28 2687 Aug 30 02:19:46 2382 8505 P 1.1238 0.7490 71.7N 86.2W 0 300
07 -27 2705 Sep 10 08:59:54 2483 8728 P 1.0484 0.8767 72.2N 160.4E 0 286
08 -26 2723 Sep 21 15:48:55 2586 8951 An 0.9799 0.9291 70.0N 12.0E 11 242 - 05m24s
09 -25 2741 Oct 01 22:44:42 2691 9174 A 0.9163 0.9303 58.5N 120.9W 23 215 652 06m14s
10 -24 2759 Oct 13 05:50:16 2798 9397 A 0.8601 0.9301 49.0N 122.5E 30 205 509 07m00s
11 -23 2777 Oct 23 13:04:19 2907 9620 A 0.8102 0.9294 40.9N 7.9E 36 199 448 07m45s
12 -22 2795 Nov 03 20:29:04 3018 9843 A 0.7683 0.9285 34.2N 107.5W 40 194 416 08m26s
13 -21 2813 Nov 14 04:02:23 3131 10066 A 0.7331 0.9276 28.6N 136.0E 43 190 398 09m04s
14 -20 2831 Nov 25 11:44:06 3247 10289 A 0.7040 0.9270 24.1N 18.1E 45 185 386 09m32s
15 -19 2849 Dec 05 19:34:20 3364 10512 A 0.6814 0.9266 20.7N 101.4W 47 181 377 09m51s
16 -18 2867 Dec 17 03:31:29 3484 10735 A 0.6635 0.9266 18.4N 137.7E 48 176 369 09m55s
17 -17 2885 Dec 27 11:34:23 3605 10958 A 0.6500 0.9270 17.1N 15.6E 49 172 360 09m46s
18 -16 2904 Jan 08 19:40:31 3729 11181 A 0.6386 0.9281 16.7N 107.2W 50 167 348 09m24s
19 -15 2922 Jan 19 03:50:04 3854 11404 A 0.6295 0.9296 17.2N 129.3E 51 163 335 08m53s
20 -14 2940 Jan 30 11:59:57 3982 11627 A 0.6198 0.9319 18.3N 5.8E 52 159 319 08m15s
21 -13 2958 Feb 09 20:08:50 4112 11850 A 0.6088 0.9347 20.0N 117.4W 52 155 301 07m33s
22 -12 2976 Feb 21 04:15:07 4244 12073 A 0.5951 0.9382 22.1N 120.2E 53 152 279 06m49s
23 -11 2994 Mar 03 12:17:48 4378 12296 A 0.5777 0.9422 24.5N 1.0W 55 149 256 06m06s
24 -10 3012 Mar 14 20:15:28 4514 12519 A 0.5556 0.9469 27.1N 120.6W 56 147 231 05m24s
25 -09 3030 Mar 26 04:06:54 4652 12742 A 0.5274 0.9519 29.6N 121.9E 58 146 204 04m45s
26 -08 3048 Apr 05 11:52:11 4792 12965 A 0.4933 0.9575 32.0N 6.6E 60 147 176 04m06s
27 -07 3066 Apr 16 19:30:46 4934 13188 A 0.4529 0.9632 34.1N 106.4W 63 148 148 03m31s
28 -06 3084 Apr 27 03:01:50 5079 13411 A 0.4054 0.9692 35.6N 143.3E 66 151 120 02m56s
29 -05 3102 May 09 10:26:36 5225 13634 A 0.3518 0.9752 36.3N 35.3E 69 154 94 02m23s
30 -04 3120 May 19 17:44:57 5374 13857 A 0.2920 0.9812 36.1N 70.8W 73 159 70 01m50s
31 -03 3138 May 31 00:58:59 5524 14080 A 0.2276 0.9870 34.7N 175.7W 77 164 47 01m18s
32 -02 3156 Jun 10 08:06:40 5677 14303 A 0.1571 0.9927 32.0N 80.7E 81 170 26 00m46s
33 -01 3174 Jun 21 15:12:22 5831 14526 A 0.0842 0.9978 28.3N 23.2W 85 175 8 00m14s
34 00 3192 Jul 01 22:14:22 5988 14749 H 0.0075 1.0026 23.4N 126.9W 89 179 9 00m17s
35 01 3210 Jul 13 05:16:37 6147 14972 H -0.0699 1.0069 17.6N 128.4E 86 3 24 00m46s
36 02 3228 Jul 23 12:17:27 6308 15195 Hm -0.1493 1.0106 11.1N 23.2E 81 7 37 01m11s
37 03 3246 Aug 03 19:21:42 6471 15418 H -0.2267 1.0136 4.0N 83.6W 77 10 48 01m31s
38 04 3264 Aug 14 02:28:00 6636 15641 H2 -0.3029 1.0161 3.5S 168.4E 72 13 58 01m45s
39 05 3282 Aug 25 09:38:51 6803 15864 T -0.3761 1.0180 11.3S 58.8E 68 15 66 01m53s
40 06 3300 Sep 05 16:54:28 6972 16087 T -0.4462 1.0192 19.3S 52.3W 63 18 73 01m55s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 07 3318 Sep 17 00:17:10 7144 16310 T -0.5112 1.0200 27.3S 165.4W 59 20 79 01m53s
42 08 3336 Sep 27 07:46:54 7317 16533 T -0.5710 1.0202 35.3S 79.6E 55 22 84 01m48s
43 09 3354 Oct 08 15:24:22 7492 16756 T -0.6252 1.0201 43.1S 37.1W 51 23 87 01m40s
44 10 3372 Oct 18 23:10:32 7670 16979 T -0.6728 1.0196 50.6S 155.7W 47 24 90 01m32s
45 11 3390 Oct 30 07:05:43 7849 17202 T -0.7138 1.0190 57.7S 84.4E 44 24 93 01m24s
46 12 3408 Nov 10 15:09:24 8031 17425 T -0.7485 1.0183 64.4S 36.1W 41 23 95 01m17s
47 13 3426 Nov 21 23:21:50 8215 17648 T -0.7766 1.0177 70.2S 155.8W 39 19 97 01m11s
48 14 3444 Dec 02 07:42:07 8400 17871 T -0.7989 1.0172 75.0S 88.1E 37 10 99 01m07s
49 15 3462 Dec 13 16:10:14 8588 18094 T -0.8153 1.0170 77.8S 21.6W 35 352 101 01m04s
50 16 3480 Dec 24 00:43:17 8778 18317 T -0.8282 1.0171 78.0S 127.8W 34 330 106 01m04s
51 17 3499 Jan 04 09:23:01 8970 18540 T -0.8363 1.0177 75.7S 118.4E 33 313 111 01m05s
52 18 3517 Jan 15 18:05:40 9164 18763 T -0.8428 1.0187 72.1S 3.8W 32 305 119 01m09s
53 19 3535 Jan 27 02:51:40 9360 18986 T -0.8469 1.0203 68.0S 132.1W 32 302 130 01m15s
54 20 3553 Feb 06 11:37:00 9559 19209 T -0.8520 1.0222 63.9S 97.4E 31 302 144 01m23s
55 21 3571 Feb 17 20:23:21 9759 19432 T -0.8569 1.0246 59.9S 34.9W 31 303 161 01m34s
56 22 3589 Feb 28 05:06:43 9961 19655 T -0.8651 1.0274 56.4S 166.7W 30 305 183 01m46s
57 23 3607 Mar 11 13:47:16 10166 19878 T -0.8759 1.0305 53.4S 61.9E 29 307 210 02m00s
58 24 3625 Mar 21 22:22:33 10372 20101 T -0.8917 1.0336 51.3S 67.8W 27 310 246 02m15s
59 25 3643 Apr 02 06:53:11 10581 20324 T -0.9117 1.0368 50.2S 163.8E 24 313 296 02m30s
60 26 3661 Apr 12 15:16:58 10791 20547 T -0.9378 1.0398 50.8S 38.0E 20 315 380 02m42s
61 27 3679 Apr 23 23:34:11 11004 20770 T -0.9697 1.0420 53.9S 84.1W 13 316 583 02m49s
62 28 3697 May 04 07:44:22 11219 20993 T- -1.0079 1.0007 62.6S 165.7E 0 308 - -
63 29 3715 May 16 15:48:06 11436 21216 P -1.0514 0.9193 63.3S 36.5E 0 317
64 30 3733 May 26 23:44:17 11655 21439 P -1.1015 0.8244 64.2S 91.0W 0 326
65 31 3751 Jun 07 07:34:51 11876 21662 P -1.1563 0.7198 65.1S 142.6E 0 336
66 32 3769 Jun 17 15:19:18 12099 21885 P -1.2161 0.6047 66.0S 17.4E 0 346
67 33 3787 Jun 28 23:00:16 12324 22108 P -1.2789 0.4831 67.0S 107.3W 0 356
68 34 3805 Jul 10 06:35:31 12551 22331 P -1.3462 0.3523 68.0S 128.9E 0 6
69 35 3823 Jul 21 14:09:36 12780 22554 P -1.4144 0.2196 69.0S 4.9E 0 17
70 36 3841 Jul 31 21:40:43 13012 22777 Pe -1.4848 0.0826 69.9S 118.8W 0 29
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
