The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 180 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2760 Apr 08. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 4004 May 02. The total duration of Saros series 180 is 1244.08 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 2760 Apr 08 03:22:07 TD
Last Eclipse = 4004 May 02 19:04:50 TD
Duration of Saros 180 = 1244.08 Years
Saros 180 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 180 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 70 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 30 | 42.9% |
| Annular | A | 33 | 47.1% |
| Total | T | 5 | 7.1% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.9% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 180 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 180 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 39 | 97.5% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.5% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 70 eclipses in Saros 180: 10P 5T 2H 33A 20P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 180 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 2958 Aug 06 Duration = 01m58s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 3012 Sep 08 Duration = 01m09s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 3373 Apr 15 Duration = 06m32s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 3066 Oct 11 Duration = 00m10s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 3030 Sep 19 Duration = 00m45s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 3048 Sep 30 Duration = 00m18s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2922 Jul 16 Magnitude = 0.9713
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 4004 May 02 Magnitude = 0.0350
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 180 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 180 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -37 2760 Apr 08 03:22:07 2801 9403 Pb -1.5099 0.0484 71.7S 151.0W 0 294
02 -36 2778 Apr 19 11:29:53 2910 9626 P -1.4770 0.1100 71.2S 74.0E 0 307
03 -35 2796 Apr 29 19:28:58 3021 9849 P -1.4377 0.1839 70.5S 58.4W 0 320
04 -34 2814 May 11 03:19:42 3134 10072 P -1.3923 0.2696 69.7S 171.9E 0 332
05 -33 2832 May 21 11:02:59 3250 10295 P -1.3411 0.3662 68.7S 44.7E 0 344
06 -32 2850 Jun 01 18:39:24 3367 10518 P -1.2846 0.4728 67.8S 80.3W 0 355
07 -31 2868 Jun 12 02:08:55 3487 10741 P -1.2230 0.5889 66.8S 157.0E 0 5
08 -30 2886 Jun 23 09:33:12 3608 10964 P -1.1577 0.7117 65.8S 36.1E 0 15
09 -29 2904 Jul 04 16:52:58 3732 11187 P -1.0890 0.8402 64.8S 83.3W 0 25
10 -28 2922 Jul 16 00:09:45 3858 11410 P -1.0185 0.9713 64.0S 158.3E 0 35
11 -27 2940 Jul 26 07:23:06 3986 11633 T -0.9456 1.0244 48.0S 60.3E 18 28 256 01m56s
12 -26 2958 Aug 06 14:36:40 4115 11856 T -0.8736 1.0235 40.0S 45.9W 29 28 161 01m58s
13 -25 2976 Aug 16 21:49:43 4247 12079 T -0.8016 1.0210 35.2S 152.8W 36 30 117 01m48s
14 -24 2994 Aug 28 05:05:38 4381 12302 T -0.7327 1.0176 32.5S 99.3E 43 32 87 01m31s
15 -23 3012 Sep 08 12:22:53 4518 12525 T -0.6655 1.0134 31.1S 8.8W 48 33 60 01m09s
16 -22 3030 Sep 19 19:45:50 4656 12748 H -0.6036 1.0087 31.0S 118.2W 53 34 37 00m45s
17 -21 3048 Sep 30 03:12:27 4796 12971 H -0.5453 1.0034 31.7S 131.6E 57 34 14 00m18s
18 -20 3066 Oct 11 10:45:14 4938 13194 A -0.4930 0.9980 32.9S 20.2E 60 33 8 00m10s
19 -19 3084 Oct 21 18:23:57 5083 13417 A -0.4461 0.9923 34.6S 92.5W 63 32 30 00m41s
20 -18 3102 Nov 03 02:10:00 5229 13640 A -0.4062 0.9866 36.5S 153.3E 66 29 51 01m13s
21 -17 3120 Nov 13 10:02:55 5378 13863 A -0.3725 0.9809 38.2S 37.9E 68 25 73 01m46s
22 -16 3138 Nov 24 18:01:22 5528 14086 A -0.3440 0.9756 39.7S 78.5W 70 21 93 02m19s
23 -15 3156 Dec 05 02:07:04 5681 14309 A -0.3225 0.9704 40.7S 163.7E 71 16 112 02m53s
24 -14 3174 Dec 16 10:17:28 5836 14532 A -0.3059 0.9657 41.0S 44.9E 72 10 130 03m26s
25 -13 3192 Dec 26 18:32:48 5992 14755 A -0.2937 0.9615 40.4S 75.0W 73 4 146 03m58s
26 -12 3211 Jan 07 02:49:49 6151 14978 A -0.2840 0.9578 39.0S 164.4E 73 359 160 04m27s
27 -11 3229 Jan 17 11:09:39 6312 15201 A -0.2771 0.9546 36.8S 42.6E 74 354 172 04m53s
28 -10 3247 Jan 28 19:28:43 6475 15424 A -0.2705 0.9521 33.7S 79.6W 74 350 182 05m16s
29 -09 3265 Feb 08 03:46:31 6640 15647 A -0.2636 0.9502 29.9S 157.7E 75 346 189 05m35s
30 -08 3283 Feb 19 12:00:36 6808 15870 A -0.2544 0.9488 25.5S 35.2E 75 344 194 05m52s
31 -07 3301 Mar 02 20:10:47 6977 16093 A -0.2424 0.9479 20.6S 86.9W 76 343 197 06m05s
32 -06 3319 Mar 14 04:14:01 7148 16316 A -0.2252 0.9476 15.2S 152.3E 77 342 197 06m16s
33 -05 3337 Mar 24 12:10:12 7322 16539 A -0.2028 0.9476 9.6S 32.8E 78 342 196 06m24s
34 -04 3355 Apr 04 19:57:46 7497 16762 A -0.1738 0.9480 3.7S 84.7W 80 343 194 06m29s
35 -03 3373 Apr 15 03:37:29 7675 16985 A -0.1391 0.9486 2.3N 159.7E 82 345 191 06m32s
36 -02 3391 Apr 26 11:05:54 7854 17208 Am -0.0952 0.9494 8.4N 47.1E 85 347 187 06m30s
37 -01 3409 May 07 18:26:19 8036 17431 A -0.0453 0.9501 14.5N 63.1W 87 349 183 06m25s
38 00 3427 May 19 01:35:56 8220 17654 A 0.0132 0.9509 20.5N 170.2W 89 174 180 06m15s
39 01 3445 May 29 08:38:34 8406 17877 A 0.0767 0.9514 26.2N 85.1E 85 177 178 06m02s
40 02 3463 Jun 09 15:30:20 8593 18100 A 0.1487 0.9518 31.6N 16.0W 81 181 179 05m46s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 03 3481 Jun 19 22:17:21 8783 18323 A 0.2240 0.9518 36.3N 114.9W 77 186 181 05m30s
42 04 3499 Jul 01 04:56:20 8975 18546 A 0.3058 0.9515 40.5N 149.3E 72 192 187 05m16s
43 05 3517 Jul 12 11:32:07 9170 18769 A 0.3895 0.9508 43.9N 55.3E 67 199 196 05m04s
44 06 3535 Jul 23 18:02:43 9366 18992 A 0.4770 0.9496 46.5N 36.5W 61 205 210 04m57s
45 07 3553 Aug 03 00:33:22 9564 19215 A 0.5639 0.9479 48.3N 127.8W 55 212 230 04m54s
46 08 3571 Aug 14 07:02:23 9764 19438 A 0.6519 0.9457 49.6N 141.7E 49 218 261 04m56s
47 09 3589 Aug 24 13:33:05 9967 19661 A 0.7381 0.9430 50.8N 51.0E 42 224 307 05m02s
48 10 3607 Sep 04 20:06:06 10171 19884 A 0.8220 0.9396 52.1N 39.9W 34 229 384 05m11s
49 11 3625 Sep 15 02:44:00 10378 20107 A 0.9016 0.9356 54.3N 130.5W 25 235 542 05m21s
50 12 3643 Sep 26 09:27:22 10586 20330 An 0.9764 0.9302 58.5N 144.6E 12 247 - 05m27s
51 13 3661 Oct 06 16:17:07 10797 20553 P 1.0457 0.8806 61.3N 57.3E 0 258
52 14 3679 Oct 17 23:14:54 11010 20776 P 1.1084 0.7737 61.6N 54.9W 0 249
53 15 3697 Oct 28 06:20:34 11225 20999 P 1.1646 0.6785 62.0N 169.2W 0 240
54 16 3715 Nov 09 13:34:34 11442 21222 P 1.2136 0.5955 62.6N 74.3E 0 231
55 17 3733 Nov 19 20:57:38 11661 21445 P 1.2553 0.5254 63.4N 44.7W 0 222
56 18 3751 Dec 01 04:29:25 11882 21668 P 1.2898 0.4676 64.2N 166.0W 0 212
57 19 3769 Dec 11 12:09:51 12105 21891 P 1.3174 0.4215 65.2N 70.1E 0 202
58 20 3787 Dec 22 19:56:35 12330 22114 P 1.3400 0.3837 66.2N 55.7W 0 192
59 21 3806 Jan 03 03:51:05 12557 22337 P 1.3564 0.3565 67.3N 176.2E 0 181
60 22 3824 Jan 14 11:50:06 12787 22560 P 1.3689 0.3355 68.4N 46.4E 0 170
61 23 3842 Jan 24 19:53:24 13018 22783 P 1.3785 0.3193 69.4N 85.2W 0 158
62 24 3860 Feb 05 03:57:58 13251 23006 P 1.3874 0.3043 70.4N 142.4E 0 146
63 25 3878 Feb 15 12:04:05 13487 23229 P 1.3952 0.2908 71.2N 8.9E 0 133
64 26 3896 Feb 26 20:09:05 13725 23452 P 1.4043 0.2751 71.8N 125.0W 0 119
65 27 3914 Mar 10 04:11:17 13964 23675 P 1.4157 0.2551 72.2N 101.4E 0 105
66 28 3932 Mar 20 12:09:50 14206 23898 P 1.4305 0.2292 72.3N 31.5W 0 90
67 29 3950 Mar 31 20:03:09 14450 24121 P 1.4499 0.1951 72.2N 163.1W 0 76
68 30 3968 Apr 11 03:50:42 14696 24344 P 1.4742 0.1524 71.8N 67.0E 0 62
69 31 3986 Apr 22 11:30:56 14944 24567 P 1.5047 0.0986 71.2N 60.5W 0 49
70 32 4004 May 02 19:04:50 15194 24790 Pe 1.5404 0.0350 70.4N 174.2E 0 36
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
