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| Rome |
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| Latitude: 41°54.0'N |
| Longitude: 012°29.0'E |
| Time Zone: 1.0 h |
Two to five eclipses of the Sun occur every year. Each of these events is only visible within the 7,000 kilometer wide track of the Moon's penumbral shadow as it sweeps across a portion of the Earth. If the dark core of the Moon's shadow (umbra) also crosses the Earth, then either an annular or total eclipse will be seen within its very narrow path. The umbral path is typically about 100 to 200 kilometers wide. For any given location, a partial eclipse occurs about once every two or three years. In comparison, annular and total eclipses are far rarer events. Eclipses for Beginners examines the geometry of solar eclipses in greater detail. Please note that extreme care must be taken when viewing a solar eclipse.
The table below summarizes the types and numbers of eclipses visible each century from Rome during the period -0999 to 3000 ( 1000 BCE to 3000 CE ). The last two columns list the years in which annular and total eclipses are visible from this location. During this interval, 18 annular eclipses are visible from Rome ( -0989, -0917, -0907*, -0804, -0688, -0660, -0607, -0393, 0272, 0698, 1333, 1820*, 2136*, 2220, ). For the same period, 11 total eclipses are visible from Rome ( -0584, -0401, -0229*, 0418, 0540, 0968, 1386, 2187, 2299, 2379 and 2627 ). Annular and total eclipses are extraordinarily uncommon events when viewed from a single place. On average, an annular eclipse is seen once every 224 years, while a total eclipse is seen once every 375 years. However, there can be significant variations in these averages.
The geographic coordinates used in these predictions are for a single position in central Rome . But cities are not simply singular points on the surface of the Earth. They cover geographic regions many tens of square kilometers in area. An eclipse path may miss the center of a city yet still be visible from within the city limits. To cover for this possibility, any partial eclipse seen from the city's center is counted as annular or total if some portion of its umbral path passes within 15 km of the city's coordinates.
The Julian calendar does not include the year 0, so the year 1 BCE1 is followed by the year 1 CE. This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. In this catalog, dates are counted using the astronomical numbering system which recognizes the year 0. Historians should note the numerical difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the year "0" corresponds to 1 BCE, and year "-100" corresponds to 101 BCE, etc.. (See: Year Dating Conventions )
1BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) are secular alternatives for the terms BC and AD, respectively. For more information, see Year Dating Conventions.
| Solar Eclipses Visible from Rome, Italy | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Eclipses | Dates of Eclipses | |||||
| Date Interval | All Eclipses | Partial Eclipses | Annular Eclipses |
Total Eclipses | Dates of Annular Eclipses | Dates of Total Eclipses |
| -0999 to -0900 | 35 | 32 | 3 | 0 | -0989, -0917, -0907* | - |
| -0899 to -0800 | 31 | 30 | 1 | 0 | -0804 | - |
| -0799 to -0700 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| -0699 to -0600 | 39 | 36 | 3 | 0 | -0688, -0660, -0607 | - |
| -0599 to -0500 | 45 | 44 | 0 | 1 | - | -0584 |
| -0499 to -0400 | 35 | 34 | 0 | 1 | - | -0401 |
| -0399 to -0300 | 40 | 39 | 1 | 0 | -0393 | - |
| -0299 to -0200 | 46 | 45 | 0 | 1 | - | -0229* |
| -0199 to -0100 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| -0099 to -0000 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 0001 to 0100 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 0101 to 0200 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 0201 to 0300 | 42 | 41 | 1 | 0 | 0272 | - |
| 0301 to 0400 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 0401 to 0500 | 38 | 37 | 0 | 1 | - | 0418 |
| 0501 to 0600 | 42 | 41 | 0 | 1 | - | 0540 |
| 0601 to 0700 | 44 | 43 | 1 | 0 | 0698 | - |
| 0701 to 0800 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 0801 to 0900 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 0901 to 1000 | 41 | 40 | 0 | 1 | - | 0968 |
| 1001 to 1100 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1101 to 1200 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1201 to 1300 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1301 to 1400 | 42 | 40 | 1 | 1 | 1333 | 1386 |
| 1401 to 1500 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1501 to 1600 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1601 to 1700 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1701 to 1800 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1801 to 1900 | 40 | 39 | 1 | 0 | 1820* | - |
| 1901 to 2000 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 2001 to 2100 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 2101 to 2200 | 37 | 35 | 1 | 1 | 2136* | 2187 |
| 2201 to 2300 | 43 | 41 | 1 | 1 | 2220 | 2299 |
| 2301 to 2400 | 32 | 31 | 0 | 1 | - | 2379 |
| 2401 to 2500 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 2501 to 2600 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 2601 to 2700 | 36 | 34 | 1 | 1 | 2693 | 2627 |
| 2701 to 2800 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 2801 to 2900 | 41 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 2887* | - |
| 2901 to 3000 | 39 | 37 | 2 | 0 | 2950, 2994 | - |
The following catalog features the primary details for all annular and total eclipses visible from Rome during the period -0999 to 3000 ( 1000 BCE to 3000 CE ). For convenience, all dates and times are given in local standard time (= GMT + 1.0) . Note that if daylight savings time is in effect, then one hour must be added to the times. In addition to the date and the type of eclipse visible from Rome , the local times for the beginning, maximum and end of the eclipse are given. For maximum eclipse, each catalog lists the Sun's altitude and azimuth as well as the magnitude (fraction of Sun's diameter covered) and obscuration (fraction of Sun's area covered). A magnitude of 1.0 or greater is a total eclipse while a magnitude less than 1.0 is either an annular or partial eclipse. Next, the distances (km) from Rome to the center line and path edge are provided. If the city coordinates are inside the umbral eclipse path, then the tabulated distance to the path edge is negative. Positive values imply that the geographic coordinates are just outside the path, but that an annular or total eclipse is still visible from some portions of the city. Finally, the last column provides special comments about the eclipse. If the central coordinates of Rome are within the path, then the duration of annularity or totality is given. For a complete description of each item in the catalog, please see Key to Solar Eclipse Viewing Circumstances.
BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) are secular alternatives for the terms BC and AD, respectively. For more information, see Year Dating Conventions.
Since
Eclipse Eclipse Maximum Eclipse Sun Sun Eclip. Eclip. Last Dist. Dist. Special
Date Type Begins Eclipse Ends Alt Azm Mag. Obs. Eclipse Center Edge Notes
h m h m h m ° ° yrs km km
-0989 Mar 09 A:a 12:25 14:01 15:29 35 209 0.950 0.873 - 68 -63 ANNULAR - 05m21s
-0917 Apr 21 A:a 16:19 17:36 18:40s 12 271 0.959 0.875 72.1 32 -92 ANNULAR - 04m40s
-0907 Mar 31 A:p 13:06 14:39 16:03 38 227 0.966 0.935 9.9 70 6 ANNULAR - 6 km to path
-0804 Apr 02 A:a 06:07r 06:33 07:39 4 92 0.976 0.944 103.0 116 -46 ANNULAR - 01m16s
-0688 Jan 11 A:a 08:12 09:42 11:23 15 142 0.928 0.856 115.8 284 -28 ANNULAR - 03m01s
-0660 Jun 27 A:a 12:35 14:15 15:45 58 246 0.979 0.930 28.5 11 -59 ANNULAR - 03m26s
-0607 Feb 13 A:a 12:54 14:29 15:53 26 213 0.966 0.917 52.6 59 -39 ANNULAR - 03m07s
-0584 May 28 T:t 15:50 16:55 17:54 26 275 1.001 1.000 23.3 119 -5 TOTAL - 01m12s
-0401 Jan 18 T:t 07:45r 08:40 09:52 8 129 1.018 1.000 182.6 2 -192 TOTAL - 02m24s
-0393 Aug 14 A:a 07:25 08:49 10:23 40 104 0.962 0.878 8.6 25 -97 ANNULAR - 05m43s
-0229 May 05 T:p 06:44 07:46 08:54 29 96 0.998 0.999 163.7 71 12 TOTAL - 12 km to path
0272 Nov 08 A:a 06:58r 07:01 08:14 1 113 0.938 0.846 501.5 84 -73 ANNULAR - 04m56s
0359 Mar 15 H:p 15:00 16:14 17:22 21 246 0.998 0.998 86.3 15 9 ANNULAR - 9 km to path
0418 Jul 19 T:t 10:10 11:34 13:00 68 155 1.017 1.000 59.3 21 -60 TOTAL - 03m41s
0540 Jun 20 T:t 07:43 08:49 10:02 45 98 1.008 1.000 121.9 105 -30 TOTAL - 03m11s
0698 Dec 08 A:a 10:20 12:06 13:55 25 180 0.941 0.830 158.5 109 -246 ANNULAR - 09m38s
0968 Dec 22 T:t 08:44 09:59 11:20 18 148 1.010 1.000 270.0 31 -76 TOTAL - 02m05s
1333 May 14 A:a 14:55 16:16 17:28 34 268 0.994 0.979 364.4 3 -17 ANNULAR - 00m49s
1386 Jan 01 T:t 09:48 11:06 12:29 24 162 1.012 1.000 52.6 43 -88 TOTAL - 02m41s
1567 Apr 09 H:p 10:51 12:21 13:51 59 185 1.000 1.000 181.3 6 2 ANNULAR - 2 km to path
1820 Sep 07 A:p 13:57 15:25 16:44 34 245 0.931 0.870 253.4 242 10 ANNULAR - 10 km to path
2136 Apr 01 A:p 14:35 16:01 17:19 27 250 0.932 0.873 315.6 135 12 ANNULAR - 12 km to path
2187 Jul 06 T:t 06:38 07:38 08:45 30 85 1.013 1.000 51.3 47 -53 TOTAL - 02m36s
2220 Sep 27 A:a 13:31 15:01 16:21 30 235 0.960 0.920 33.2 130 -3 ANNULAR - 00m46s
2299 Jun 28 T:t 13:55 15:15 16:28 48 258 1.005 1.000 78.7 44 -18 TOTAL - 01m45s
2379 Mar 19 T:t 10:23 11:39 12:56 47 166 1.017 1.000 79.7 13 -71 TOTAL - 03m01s
2627 May 07 T:t 15:33 16:40 17:40 27 268 1.023 1.000 248.1 25 -88 TOTAL - 03m36s
2693 Apr 27 A:a 14:57 16:26 17:44 28 264 0.960 0.862 66.0 15 -124 ANNULAR - 06m06s
2887 May 14 A:p 04:55r 05:39 06:43 7 71 0.942 0.890 194.0 200 13 ANNULAR - 13 km to path
2950 Jul 06 A:a 12:42 14:21 15:50 58 243 0.982 0.932 63.1 2 -74 ANNULAR - 03m19s
2994 Mar 03 A:a 11:28 13:03 14:33 41 194 0.947 0.883 43.7 96 -30 ANNULAR - 03m44s
The following two catalogs provide more details for solar eclipses visible from Rome during the period -0999 to 3000 ( 1000 BCE to 3000 CE ). The first catalog lists the local circumstances (times, magnitude, etc.) for every eclipse visible from the city. The second catalog includes only major eclipses (magnitude greater than 0.85 , including nearby annular and total eclipses). The catalogs should prove useful for historical research or for planning future observations.
Eclipse Predictions & WebMaster: Fred Espenak e-mail: espenak@gsfc.nasa.gov Planetary Systems Branch - Code 693
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