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Besselian Elements - Annular Solar Eclipse of -1228 December 31

   Instant of          02:06:33 TDT     JD = 1272895.58800 
Greatest Eclipse:    (=17:53:54 UT)

Gamma = 0.7810             Ephemerides  = VSOP87/ELP2000-82 
Eclipse Magnitude = 0.9641             Lunation No. = -39913 
     Eclipse Type = A                  Saros Series = 41 
                                                 ΔT = 29558.5 s

Lunar Radius   k1 = 0.272488 (Penumbra)        Shift in      Δb =  0.00"
 Constants:    k2 = 0.272281 (Umbra)       Lunar Position:   Δl =  0.00"


Polynomial Besselian Elements for:   -1228 Dec 31    2.000 TDT  (=t0)

  n        x          y         d          l1         l2          μ

  0  -0.1322440  0.7719520 -23.8418903  0.5593100  0.0131070 208.798279 
  1   0.5318482  0.0506985 -0.0003090  0.0001189  0.0001183  14.996360 
  2  -0.0000279  0.0001325  0.0000070 -0.0000110 -0.0000110   0.000000 
  3  -0.0000070 -0.0000008  0.0000000  0.0000000  0.0000000   0.000000
  
                tan f1 = 0.0047405        tan f2 = 0.0047169 

At time t1 (decimal hours), each Besselian element is evaluated by:

a = a0 + a1*t + a2*t2 + a3*t3  

where: a = x, y, d, l1, l2, or μ; t = t1 - t0 (decimal hours), and t0 =   2.000 TDT.


Circumstances at Greatest Eclipse:  17:53:54 UT

Latitude:   27.5° N      Sun’s Altitude:    38.4°          Path Width = 208.0 km
Longitude:  91.7° W      Sun’s Azimuth:    174.4°    Central Duration = 04m02s 

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Predictions

The solar eclipse predictions were made using the VSOP87/ELP2000-82 solar and lunar ephemerides. The resulting Besselian elements from these ephemerides were originally generated for the NASA technical publication Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000.

The accuracy of the northern and southern edges of the eclipse path are limited to approximately 1-2 kilometers due to the lunar limb profile. For eclipses five centuries or more centuries in the past or future, the largest uncertainty in the predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to the tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is is based on the work of Morrison and Stephenson [2004].

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used (see Calendar Dates).


Acknowledgments

Besselian elements page formatting by Bill Kramer.

Eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. The information presented here is based on the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE).

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's GSFC"

For more information, see: NASA Copyright Information

2023 Oct 30