The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 147 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1624 Oct 12. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3049 Feb 24. The total duration of Saros series 147 is 1424.38 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1624 Oct 12 08:53:55 TD
Last Eclipse = 3049 Feb 24 08:48:07 TD
Duration of Saros 147 = 1424.38 Years
Saros 147 is composed of 80 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 147 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 80 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 40 | 50.0% |
| Annular | A | 40 | 50.0% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 147 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 147 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 40 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 39 | 97.5% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.5% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 80 eclipses in Saros 147: 21P 40A 19P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 147 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2291 Nov 21 Duration = 09m41s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 2688 Jul 19 Duration = 00m41s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 2724 Aug 11 Magnitude = 0.8797
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1624 Oct 12 Magnitude = 0.0089
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 147 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 147 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -35 1624 Oct 12 08:53:55 88 -4641 Pb 1.5466 0.0089 71.5N 109.9E 0 245
02 -34 1642 Oct 23 16:48:36 56 -4418 P 1.5221 0.0551 71.0N 22.5W 0 232
03 -33 1660 Nov 03 00:50:39 35 -4195 P 1.5038 0.0898 70.3N 156.2W 0 219
04 -32 1678 Nov 14 08:58:14 16 -3972 P 1.4908 0.1148 69.4N 69.4E 0 206
05 -31 1696 Nov 24 17:10:41 8 -3749 P 1.4822 0.1318 68.4N 65.6W 0 194
06 -30 1714 Dec 07 01:27:09 9 -3526 P 1.4772 0.1420 67.4N 159.0E 0 183
07 -29 1732 Dec 17 09:46:57 11 -3303 P 1.4751 0.1470 66.3N 23.4E 0 172
08 -28 1750 Dec 28 18:06:51 13 -3080 P 1.4737 0.1506 65.3N 111.8W 0 161
09 -27 1769 Jan 08 02:26:42 16 -2857 P 1.4728 0.1530 64.3N 113.5E 0 151
10 -26 1787 Jan 19 10:43:13 17 -2634 P 1.4697 0.1591 63.4N 20.1W 0 141
11 -25 1805 Jan 30 18:57:01 12 -2411 P 1.4651 0.1675 62.7N 152.8W 0 131
12 -24 1823 Feb 11 03:03:02 11 -2188 P 1.4546 0.1856 62.0N 76.7E 0 122
13 -23 1841 Feb 21 11:03:56 6 -1965 P 1.4406 0.2095 61.5N 52.4W 0 113
14 -22 1859 Mar 04 18:54:49 8 -1742 P 1.4192 0.2461 61.2N 178.8W 0 103
15 -21 1877 Mar 15 02:38:09 -5 -1519 P 1.3924 0.2917 61.0N 56.7E 0 94
16 -20 1895 Mar 26 10:09:33 -6 -1296 P 1.3565 0.3531 61.0N 64.8W 0 85
17 -19 1913 Apr 06 17:33:07 15 -1073 P 1.3147 0.4244 61.2N 175.7E 0 77
18 -18 1931 Apr 18 00:45:35 24 -850 P 1.2643 0.5107 61.5N 58.9E 0 68
19 -17 1949 Apr 28 07:48:53 29 -627 P 1.2068 0.6092 61.9N 55.7W 0 59
20 -16 1967 May 09 14:42:48 38 -404 P 1.1422 0.7201 62.5N 168.1W 0 50
21 -15 1985 May 19 21:29:38 55 -181 P 1.0720 0.8406 63.2N 81.1E 0 41
22 -14 2003 May 31 04:09:22 64 42 An 0.9960 0.9384 66.6N 24.5W 3 35 - 03m37s
23 -13 2021 Jun 10 10:43:07 71 265 A 0.9152 0.9435 80.8N 66.8W 23 90 527 03m51s
24 -12 2039 Jun 21 17:12:54 83 488 A 0.8312 0.9454 78.9N 102.1W 33 153 365 04m05s
25 -11 2057 Jul 01 23:40:15 109 711 A 0.7455 0.9464 71.5N 176.2W 41 177 298 04m22s
26 -10 2075 Jul 13 06:05:44 147 934 A 0.6583 0.9467 63.1N 95.2E 49 186 262 04m45s
27 -09 2093 Jul 23 12:32:04 188 1157 A 0.5717 0.9463 54.6N 1.3E 55 191 241 05m11s
28 -08 2111 Aug 04 19:00:22 230 1380 A 0.4867 0.9455 46.0N 95.3W 61 194 230 05m42s
29 -07 2129 Aug 15 01:33:05 275 1603 A 0.4055 0.9442 37.4N 165.8E 66 196 225 06m15s
30 -06 2147 Aug 26 08:09:15 322 1826 A 0.3271 0.9425 29.0N 65.2E 71 197 224 06m49s
31 -05 2165 Sep 05 14:52:45 362 2049 A 0.2549 0.9406 20.7N 37.5W 75 198 227 07m22s
32 -04 2183 Sep 16 21:42:37 403 2272 A 0.1877 0.9384 12.8N 141.9W 79 198 233 07m53s
33 -03 2201 Sep 28 04:41:51 446 2495 A 0.1281 0.9361 5.2N 111.4E 83 198 240 08m21s
34 -02 2219 Oct 09 11:48:35 491 2718 A 0.0744 0.9338 2.0S 3.0E 86 197 248 08m46s
35 -01 2237 Oct 19 19:06:04 538 2941 A 0.0295 0.9316 8.6S 107.6W 88 196 256 09m07s
36 00 2255 Oct 31 02:32:04 587 3164 A -0.0088 0.9295 14.5S 140.2E 89 11 264 09m24s
37 01 2273 Nov 10 10:07:17 638 3387 A -0.0398 0.9278 19.6S 26.3E 88 10 272 09m34s
38 02 2291 Nov 21 17:50:53 691 3610 A -0.0644 0.9263 23.7S 88.9W 86 7 278 09m41s
39 03 2309 Dec 03 01:42:05 746 3833 A -0.0832 0.9254 26.9S 154.6E 85 3 282 09m40s
40 04 2327 Dec 14 09:39:47 804 4056 A -0.0969 0.9250 28.8S 37.0E 84 358 284 09m34s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 05 2345 Dec 24 17:41:04 863 4279 Am -0.1081 0.9252 29.7S 81.1W 84 353 284 09m21s
42 06 2364 Jan 05 01:46:48 925 4502 A -0.1161 0.9259 29.4S 159.7E 83 348 281 09m03s
43 07 2382 Jan 15 09:53:22 988 4725 A -0.1241 0.9274 28.1S 40.1E 83 343 275 08m40s
44 08 2400 Jan 26 18:00:10 1054 4948 A -0.1322 0.9295 26.0S 79.9W 82 339 267 08m13s
45 09 2418 Feb 06 02:04:04 1122 5171 A -0.1431 0.9322 23.3S 160.5E 82 336 256 07m43s
46 10 2436 Feb 17 10:05:24 1192 5394 A -0.1567 0.9355 20.2S 41.1E 81 333 243 07m12s
47 11 2454 Feb 27 18:01:47 1264 5617 A -0.1750 0.9393 17.0S 77.3W 80 331 228 06m40s
48 12 2472 Mar 10 01:52:11 1338 5840 A -0.1989 0.9436 13.9S 165.6E 78 331 212 06m08s
49 13 2490 Mar 21 09:36:11 1414 6063 A -0.2288 0.9482 11.1S 50.0E 77 330 195 05m36s
50 14 2508 Apr 01 17:13:22 1492 6286 A -0.2648 0.9532 8.7S 63.9W 75 331 177 05m06s
51 15 2526 Apr 13 00:43:02 1572 6509 A -0.3077 0.9583 7.1S 175.8W 72 333 158 04m35s
52 16 2544 Apr 23 08:05:34 1654 6732 A -0.3575 0.9635 6.3S 74.0E 69 335 140 04m05s
53 17 2562 May 04 15:21:29 1739 6955 A -0.4133 0.9686 6.5S 34.5W 66 338 123 03m35s
54 18 2580 May 14 22:32:12 1825 7178 A -0.4743 0.9735 7.9S 141.9W 62 341 107 03m04s
55 19 2598 May 26 05:36:09 1914 7401 A -0.5415 0.9782 10.6S 112.1E 57 345 91 02m34s
56 20 2616 Jun 06 12:37:18 2004 7624 A -0.6115 0.9824 14.5S 6.3E 52 349 78 02m04s
57 21 2634 Jun 17 19:34:22 2097 7847 A -0.6854 0.9862 19.8S 99.1W 47 353 67 01m36s
58 22 2652 Jun 28 02:31:12 2191 8070 A -0.7603 0.9892 26.5S 154.7E 40 357 58 01m11s
59 23 2670 Jul 09 09:25:19 2288 8293 A -0.8379 0.9915 35.0S 48.0E 33 2 55 00m52s
60 24 2688 Jul 19 16:22:31 2387 8516 A -0.9136 0.9926 45.6S 61.4W 24 8 64 00m41s
61 25 2706 Jul 31 23:20:38 2488 8739 A -0.9889 0.9911 63.0S 178.8W 7 20 240 00m41s
62 26 2724 Aug 11 06:23:26 2591 8962 P -1.0610 0.8797 70.5S 56.2E 0 39
63 27 2742 Aug 22 13:29:55 2696 9185 P -1.1308 0.7534 71.2S 63.0W 0 51
64 28 2760 Sep 01 20:44:19 2803 9408 P -1.1947 0.6372 71.7S 175.4E 0 64
65 29 2778 Sep 13 04:05:03 2912 9631 P -1.2541 0.5291 72.0S 51.8E 0 78
66 30 2796 Sep 23 11:33:43 3024 9854 P -1.3078 0.4310 72.1S 74.0W 0 91
67 31 2814 Oct 04 19:10:43 3137 10077 P -1.3554 0.3440 71.9S 158.2E 0 105
68 32 2832 Oct 15 02:57:22 3252 10300 P -1.3962 0.2695 71.6S 28.3E 0 119
69 33 2850 Oct 26 10:52:49 3370 10523 P -1.4306 0.2068 71.0S 103.5W 0 132
70 34 2868 Nov 05 18:57:09 3489 10746 P -1.4586 0.1556 70.2S 123.1E 0 145
71 35 2886 Nov 17 03:10:24 3611 10969 P -1.4801 0.1162 69.3S 12.0W 0 157
72 36 2904 Nov 28 11:32:06 3735 11192 P -1.4959 0.0874 68.3S 148.6W 0 169
73 37 2922 Dec 09 19:59:54 3861 11415 P -1.5074 0.0662 67.3S 73.9E 0 180
74 38 2940 Dec 20 04:34:38 3988 11638 P -1.5142 0.0534 66.2S 64.9W 0 191
75 39 2958 Dec 31 13:13:25 4118 11861 P -1.5186 0.0450 65.2S 155.8E 0 201
76 40 2977 Jan 10 21:56:20 4250 12084 P -1.5202 0.0413 64.3S 15.9E 0 211
77 41 2995 Jan 22 06:39:24 4384 12307 P -1.5225 0.0363 63.5S 123.8W 0 221
78 42 3013 Feb 02 15:24:30 4521 12530 P -1.5238 0.0326 62.8S 96.3E 0 231
79 43 3031 Feb 14 00:07:22 4659 12753 P -1.5280 0.0236 62.2S 42.8W 0 240
80 44 3049 Feb 24 08:48:07 4799 12976 Pe -1.5342 0.0104 61.7S 178.7E 0 250
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
